Reading: Read The Following Text And Do The Exercises That Follow.

Haemolymph node (n) Peyer's patches (n)

2.3. Digestive system

Mouth (n)= Snout (n)= muzzle (n)= beak (n)= bill (n) Oesophagus= Esophagus (n), crop (n), gullet (n) Stomach (n)

Small Intestine (n): Duodenum (n), Jejunum (n) Large Intestine (n): Cecum (n), Colon (n), Rectum (n) Anus (n)

Liver (n), Bile duct (n), gall bladder (n) Pancreas (n)

Salivary gland (n): parotid (n,adj), sublingual (adj), mandibular (adj)

2.4. Nervous system

Central nervous (n), peripheral nervous (n) Brain (n)= Cerebrum (n)

Cerebellum (n) Medulla (n) Spinal cord (n)

Meninges (pl)=meninx (n) Autonomic nervous system (n)

2.5. Endocrine glands

Adrenal gland (n)= suprarenal gland (n) Pituitary gland (n)

Thyroid gland (n) Parathyroid gland (n) Pineal body (n) Hormone (n)

2.6. Urinary system Kidneys (n) Ureter (n)

Urinary bladder (n) Urethra (n)

2.7. Genital system Testis/(n)=Testicle (n) Penis (n)

Prepuce (n)=Foreskin (n) Glans penis (n)

Vas deferens (n) Prostate glands (n)

Seminal vesicle (n)

Ovary (n); Oviduct (n); Uterus (n) Cervix (n)

Vagina (n) Clitoris (n) Vulva (n)

2.8. Integumentary system

Skin (n), accessory glands (n) (sebaceous (adj), sweat (n)=sudoriferous (adj)).

Dermis (n), epidermis (n), hypodermic (adj).

2.9. Skeleton system

Bones(n), cartilage (n), membrane (n), joint (n)

2.10. Muscular system

Muscles (n) and tendon (n)

Smooth (adj), striated (adj), cardiac (adj)

Fig.2.2.1 Anatomy of the female pig.

Exercise 1: Which class do the words belong to?

1. nostril, bronchus, alveolar sac.

A. nervous system B. urinary system

C. respiratory system D. skeleton system

2. medulla, brain, autonomic nervous system.

A. nervous system B. urinary system

C. respiratory system D. skeleton system

3. kidneys, ureter, urethra .

A. nervous system B. urinary system

C. respiratory system D. skeleton system

4. bones, membrane, joint .

A. nervous system B. urinary system

C. respiratory system D. skeleton system

5. bill, colon, parotid.

A. digestive system B. integumentary system

C. genital system D. endocrine glands

6. clitoris, prostate glands, foreskin.

A. digestive system B. integumentary system

C. genital system D. endocrine glands

Exercise 2: Circle the odd one out.

1. pericardium

bursa	duodenum	artery
2. epidermis	accessory glands	dermis	prostate glands
3. epidermis	clitoris	penis	cervix
4. bile duct	oviduct	snout	cecum
5. pineal body	adrenal gland	salivary gland	thyroid gland
6. cecum	jejunum	cerebrum	rectum
7. bronchus	esophagus	gall bladder	anus
8. bones 3. Further Practice	bone marrow	joint	cartilage

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Exercise 1: Look at the picture. How many parts of the lion’s body can you name? Find the words in the box in the word search puzzle.

face tail side forehead comb rump paws lower jaw

abdomen nose shoulder back chest flank neck upper jaw tail root ear forelegs

Exercise 2: Match the words in column A with their definitions in column B.

1. nose

2. diaphragm

3. heart

4. blood

5. spleen

6. mouth

7. stomach

8. liver

9. brain

10. skin 11.bone

12. membrane

A. any piece of hard tissue making up the skeleton in vertebrates.

B. pliable sheet like tissue connecting or lining organs in plants and animals.

C. muscular partition between the thorax and abdomen in mammals.

D. large glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates.

E. hollow muscular organ maintaining the circulation of blood by rhythmic contraction and dilation.

F. red fluid circulating in the arteries and veins of animals.

G. organ above the mouth of a human or animal, used for smelling and breathing.

H. abdominal organ regulating the quality of the blood.

I. organ of soft nervous tissue in the skull of vertebrates, the centre of sensation and of intellectual and nervous activity.

J. internal organ in which digestion occurs.

K. flexible covering of a body.

L. external opening in the head, through which most animals take in food and emit communicative sounds.

Exercise 3: Complete each sentence with the words in column A.

1. “Open youra little wider”, said the dentist.

2. The cellforms the outer limits of the cell.

3. Theis the centre of the nervous system.

4. He brought the aircraft’sup and made a perfect landing.

5. He lost a lot ofin the accident.

6. I’ve broken ain my arm.

7. She has a beautiful.

8. The two parts are separated from each other by an arched partition called

9. I don’t like going to work on an empty.

10. Hisstopped beating and he died soon afterwards.

Chapter 3

INFLAMMATION MH38 - 03

Objectives:

By the end of the Chapter, learners are able to

In this Chapter

Give the definition of inflammation.

Distinguish the difference between mild inflammation and severe inflammation.

Understand how peracute inflammation, acute inflammation

and chronic inflammation are.

1. Vocabulary: Translate the following words into Vietnamese and learn by heart them.

Inflammation (n) :

Irritant (adj) :

Mild (adj) :

Severe (adj) :

Bronchopneumonia (n) : Peracute (adj) :

Acute (adj) :

Chronic (adj) :

Clinical signs (n) :

Leukocytosis (n) :

Leukocyte (n) :

Fever (n) :

Transudate (n) :

Exudate (n) :

2. Reading: Read the following text and do the exercises that follow.

INFLAMMATION

What is inflammation? Inflammation has long been considered simply as the reaction of tissues to an irritant. More properly, it is the reaction of vascularized living tissues to local injury, which comprises a series of changes in the terminal vascular bed, in the blood, in the connective tissues, which are designed to eliminate the offending irritant and to repair the damaged tissues.

Inflammation can be mild, as in the reaction to a wood splinter in one's finger, or it can be severe and life threatening, as in a severe bronchopneumonia. In between lies a gray zone in which moderate inflammation occurs. All inflammatory reactions have a beginning, and most have an end. Peracute inflammation is manifest very soon after its initiation, perhaps only a few hours. Acute inflammation usually begins within 4-6 hours and can remain for several days. Chronic inflammation often follows an acute inflammatory phase or it may develop as an insidious, low-grade, subclinical process.

Acute inflammation may produce clinical signs localized to the site of injury characterized as heat, redness, swelling and pain. In some cases they may be accompanied by profound systematic changes such as leucocytosis and

fever. Inflammatory process, fluid and leucocytes often escape from the blood to the perivascular tissues to form transudate or exudate.

Inflammatory lesions can be classified according to different factors.

Words related to classification of inflammatory lesions

Extent

Duration

Distribution

Exudate

Anatomic

Modifiers

Organ

Minimal Mild Moderate Severe

Peracute Acute Subacute Chronic

Focal Multifocal Diffuse Locally Extensive

Suppurative Nonsuppurative Serofibrinous Fibrinopurulent Necrotizing

Granulomatous

Interstitial Broncho- Glomerulo- Submandibullar

Nephritis Hepatitis Enteritis

Nomenclature of common types of inflammation

Appendix Appenditis

Arteries Arteritis

Bladder Cystitis

Blood vessel Vasculitis

Bone Osteitis

Bone marrow Osteomyelitis

Brain Encephalitis

Bronchus Bronchitis

Bursa Bursitis

Cecum Typhlitis

Connective tissue Cellulitis

Colon Colitis

Cornea Keratitis

Ear Otitis

Eye Ophthalmitis

Eyelid Blepharitis

Gallbladder Cholecystitis

Glans penis Balanitis

Heart Carditis

Intestine Enteritis

Joints Arthritis

Larynx Laryngitis