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Many people confuse plant nutrition with plant fertilization. Plant nutrition refers to the needs and uses of the basic chemical elements in the plant. Fertilization is the term used when these materials are supplied to the environment around the plant. A lot must happen before a chemical element supplied in a fertilizer can be taken up and used by the plant.

Plants need 18 elements for normal growth. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in air and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur are found in the soil. The latter six elements are used in relatively large amounts by the plant and are called macronutrients. There are nine other elements that are used in much smaller amounts; these are called micronutrients or trace elements. The micronutrients, which are found in the soil are iron, zinc, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, and chlorine. All 18 elements, both macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for plant growth.


GLOSSARY INSECT PESTS Vietnamese name English name Scientific name I Insect pests for rice Bù 1


GLOSSARY

INSECT PESTS


Vietnamese name English name Scientific name I.Insect pests for rice

Bù lạch Thrips Stenchaetothrips biformis

Rầy xanh Green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens Sâu phao Rice case worm Nymphula depunctalis Sâu keo Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia Muỗi hành Gall midge Orseolia oryzae

Sâu keo Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia

Sâu cuốn lá Leaf folder (or) leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis

mainsails Sâu sừng Rice horned caterpillar Melanitis ismene Sâu lông vàng Yellow hairy caterpillar Psalis pennatula

Châu chấu Grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian Bọ gai Spiny beetle / Rice hispa Dicladispa armigera Sâu đục lá non Whorl maggot Hydrellia sasakii Rầy xanh Green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens Rầy nâu Brown plant leafhopper Nilaparvata lugens Rầy trắng White backed plant hopper Sogatella furcifera Bọ xít hôi Rice earhead bug Leptocorisa acuta


Figure 1 Leaf roller adult Photo Internet source II Insect pests for farm produce Watermelon Ruồi 2

Figure 1. Leaf roller adult

(Photo: Internet source)


II. Insect pests for farm produce Watermelon

Ruồi đục lá

Serpentine leaf miner

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)

Rầy mềm

Aphids

Aphis gossypii Glover

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Darkling beetles

Blapstinus spp.

Ruồi đục trái

Fruit fly

Bactrocera cucurbitae



Coquillet

Nhện đỏ

Red spider mites

Tetranychus sp.

Bọ trĩ

Thrips

Thrips palmi Karny

Bọ cánh cứng

Tomato

Sâu đục quả

Fruit Borer

Helicoverpa armigera

Ruồi đục lá

Serpentine leaf miner

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)

Sâu ăn lá

Leaf eating caterpillar

Spodoptera litura

Bọ phấn trắng

Whitefly

Bemisia tabaci

Bọ trĩ

Thrips

Thrips tabaci, F. schultzi

Nhện đỏ

Red spider mite

Tetranychus spp.



Chilli Firgure 2 Red spider mite Photo Internet source Bọ trĩ Chilli thrips Scirtothrips 3


Chilli

Firgure 2. Red spider mite

(Photo: Internet source)

Bọ trĩ Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis

Rầy mềm xanh Green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Đố thuốc lá Tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura

Sâu xanh Gram caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera

III. Insect pests for fruit-trees Mango

Xén tóc đục thân

Mango stem borer

Batocera rufomaculata De-


Sâu đục vỏ cây


Bark borer

Geer

Indarbela tetraonis

Sâu đục cành

Shoot borer

Chlumetia transversa Walker

Rầy bông xoài

Mango hoppers

Idioscopus niveoparsus I.-


atkinsoni


clypealis Amirtodus

Muỗi năng

Inflorescence midge

Dasineura amaramanjarae

Rầy mềm

Aphid

Toxoptera odinae

Ruồi đục trái

Fruit fly

Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis

Mọt đục hạt

Mango nut weevil

Sternochaetus mangiferae

Mọt xoắn lá

Leaf twisting weevil

Apoderus tranquebaricus

Hairy caterpillars

Euproctis fraterna,-



Prothesiascintillans

Bọ cắt lá

Sand dollars

Deporaus marginatus Pascoe

Kiến đỏ

Red ant

Oecophylla smaradina

Sâu lông


Citrus


Rầy mềm Citrus aphids Black aphid Toxoptera aurantii Boyer

de- Fonscolombe

Brown aphid Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy

Rầy đen Citrus Black fly Aleurocanthus woglumi

Rầy chổng cánh Citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri

Kuwayama

Rệp sáp phấn Mealy bug Planococus lilacinus

Ruồi đục quả Fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis

Sâu đục trái Citrus grub Cipestis sagittiferella Moore

Bọ xít xanh Citrus green bugs Rhynchocoris poseidon-

Kirkaldy

Ngài chích hút Fruit sucking moth Otheris materna, O.

ancilla,- O.Fullonica

Bọ trĩ Citrus thrips Scirtothrips citri Moulton

Rệp bông Cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi

Sâu vẽ bùa Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistic citrella

Stainton

Banana

Sùng đục gốc Rhizome weevil Cosmopolites sordidus

(Germar)

Sâu đục thân Pseudostem borer Odoiporus longicollis

Rầy mềm Banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa f.-

typica

Bọ trĩ Fruit rust thrips Chaetanaphothrips-

signipennis

Sâu lông Castor hairy caterpillar Pericallia ricini

Sâu cắt lá Cut worm Spodoptera litura

Sâu cuốn lá Leaf folder (or) leaf roller Erionota thrax Linnaeus Rầy mềm Aphid Pentalonia nigronvervosa-

Coquerel

Papaya Firgure 2 Red spider mite Photo Internet source Rầy cánh trắng White fly Bemisia tabaci 4



Papaya

Firgure 2. Red spider mite.

(Photo: Internet source)


Rầy cánh trắng

White fly

Bemisia tabaci

Ruồi đục trái

Fruit fly

Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis

Mọt tro

Ash weevils

Myllocerus spp

Rệp đào xanh

Green peach aphid

Myzus persicae


Pineapple


Rệp sáp phấn

Mealy bug

Dysmicoccus brevipes-


Rệp sáp phấn


Mealybug

Cockerell Pseudococcus brevipes



Practice


Scanning for details.


1/ Among pests for rice, there is an insect called with three different words. These three words are,,.

2/ Mealy bug can damage for citrus and. 3/damage for tomato and watermelon.

4/ Chilli is spicy, but it is damaged by,,

,.

5/ The insect pest for papaya whose scientific name is Myllocerus spp is

.

6/fly and red ant damage for.


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REFERENCE


1. GS.TS Nguyễn Văn Huỳnh (2003): Giáo trình Côn trùng nông nghiệp Đại cương phần B. Trường Đại học Cần Thơ.

2. Alice Moon: How to Make Soil to Grow Vegetables | Garden Guides, Mississippi State University--Vegetable Gardening Mississippi-Soil, National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service--Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures, NASA Soil Science Education Page--Soil pH http://www.gardenguides.com/81786-make-soil-grow-vegetables.html (July, 2020).

3. Dena Kane: Chemicals for fruit trees, http://www.gardenguides.com/90137- chemicals-fruit-trees.html (July, 2020).

4. James Altland, Ph.D, North Willamette Research and Extension Center (NWREC), Oregon State University: Herbicide residues in field soils, http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene7af3.html (July, 2020).

5. J. Bentons Jones, Jr: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) - Agronomic Handbook: Management of Crops, Soils, and Their Fertility, CRC Press, https://books.google.com.vn/books (July, 2020).

6. Common Houseplant Insects & Related Pests - Clemson University, http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/pests/plant_pests/indoor/hgic2252.html (July, 2020).

7. Environmental factors that affect plant growth - Arizona Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona, http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/botany/water.html (July, 2020).

8. How to ripen green tomatoes - http://www.wikihow.com/Ripen-Green- Tomatoes#Plastic_bag_method_-_For_a_few_or_many_tomatoes_sub, https://www.planetnatural.com/tomato-gardening-guru/harvesting-storing/ (July, 2020); Our rose garden, urbanext.illinois.edu/roses/disease.cfm.

9. How to prepare the rice field for planting, Rice ragged stunt - Rice Knowledge Bank, Content experts: Il Ryong Choi and C Vera Cruz,

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/pre-planting/land- preparation, http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest- management/diseases/item/rice-ragged-stunt (July, 2020).

10. Minimizing diseases in vegetable garden – Cornell University, http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene7af3.html (July, 2020).

11. Nutrient Deficiencies - Royal Horticultural Society, https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=456 (July, 2020).

12. Our rose garden - University of Illinois Extension, http://urbanext.illinois.edu/roses/disease.cfm (July, 2020)

13. Rice, Infoplease, http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/rice.html (July, 2020).

14. Taking care of the rice field - Better Farming Series 21. Wet Paddy or Swamp Rice (FAO, 1977, 40, p.40), http://www.sittheng.com.my/en/transplant-method.html (July, 2020).

15. Yellow Dwarf (Mycoplasma Like Organism) - Exper System for Paddy, http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/paddy/cpdisyellowdraft.html (July, 2020).

16. https://www.heirloomroses.com/info/care/roses/introduction-to-roses/ (March, 2021)

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