Strongly Disagree 2 – Disagree 3 – Neutral 4 – Agree 5

Manfredo, M., Eds. Influencing human behavior: Theory and applications in recreation, tourism, and natural resources management, Champaign, IL: Sagamore Publishing, pp. 29-50.

Fishbein, M. and Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison- Wesley.

Formica, S. & Murrmann, S. (1998). The effects of group membership and motivation on attendance: An international festival case. Tourism Analysis, 3(3–4): 197–207.

Formica, S. & Uysal, M. (1996). A market segmentation of festival visitors: Umbria jazz festival in Italy. Festival Management & Event Tourism, 3(4): 175–182.

Gallarza, M.G. and Saura, I.G. (2006). Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: an investigation of university students’ travel behavior. Tourism Management, Vol.27 (3), pp. 437-52.

Gitelson, R. and Crompton, L. (1984), ‘‘Insights into the repeat vacation phenomenon’’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 11, pp. 199-217.

Hankinson, G. (2004). The brand images of tourism destinations: a study of the saliency of organic images, Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 6-14.

Hong, S., S. Lee, S. Lee, and H. Jang. (2009). “Selecting Revisited Destinations.”

Annals of Tourism Research, 36 (2): 268-94.

Hsu, C.H.C., Wolfe, K. and Kang, S.K. (2004), Image assessment for a destination with limited comparative advantages, Tourism Management, Vol. 25, pp. 121-6.

Huang, S. and Hsu, C. H. C. (2009). “Effects of travel motivation, past experience, perceived constraint, and attitude on revisit intention,” Journal of Travel Research, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 29-44.

Hudman, L.E., 1986. The traveler's perception of the role of food and eating in the

tourist industry. In The Impact of Catering and Cuisine upon Tourism, Proceedings of 36 AIEST Congress, 31 August-6 September, Montreux: AIEST.

Hughes, M. and Morrison-Saunders, A. (2002), ‘‘Repeat and first time visitation in an experience specific context: the valley of the giants tree top walk’’, Journal of Tourism Studies, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 20-5.

Hui, T., Wan, D., Ho, A. 2007.Tourists' Satisfation, Recommendation and Revisiting Singapore.Tourism Management, 28, 965-975.

Hume, M., Mort, G. and Winzar, H. (2007), ‘‘Exploring repurchase intention in a performing arts context: who comes and why do they come back?’’, International Journal of Non-profit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 135-48.

Jones & Jenkins, (2002); Hegarty & O'Mahony, (2001); Williams, (1997).The Roles of Food in Tourist's experiences: A Case Study of Taiwan.

Jones, A., & Jenkins, I. (2002). A taste of Wales—Blas Ar Gymru: Institutional malaise in promoting welsh food tourism products. Tourism and gastronomy, 115-132.

Kemperman, A., Joh, C. and Timmermans, H. (2003), ‘‘Comparing first-time and repeat visitors’ activity patterns’’, Tourism Analysis, Vol. 8 No. 2, pp. 159- 64.

Khuong, An & Uyen.(2016).Direct and Indirect Effects on International Tourists‘ Destination Satisfaction — The Case of the World Natural Heritage of Halong Bay, Journal of Economics, Business and Management, Vol. 4, No. 2,

Kim, A.K. (2008). “Analysis of Structural equation model for the student pleasure travel market: Motivation, Involvement, Satisfaction, and Destination Loyalty,” Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 297- 3138.

Kozak, M. (2001), ‘‘Repeaters’ behavior at two distinct destinations’’, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 28 No. 3, pp. 784-807.

Kozak, M. and Rimmington, M. (2000). “Tourist satisfaction with Mallorca, Spain, as an off-season holiday destination,” Journal of Travel Research, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 260 – 269.

Kuhl, J. and Beckmann, J. (1985) Action Control From Cognition to Behavior.

Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Lam, T., and C. Hsu. (2006). “Predicting Behavioral Intention of Choosing a Travel Destination.” Tourism Management, 27 (4): 589-99.

Lau, A. and McKercher, B. (2004), ‘‘Exploration versus acquisition: a comparison of first-time and repeat visitors’’, Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 42 No. 3, pp. 279-85.

Laws, E. (2002). Tourism Marketing Quality and Service Management Perspectives, Continuum, London Lee, C., Lee, Y., & Lee, B. (2005). Korea‘s destination image formed by the 2002 world cup. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(4), 839–858.

Lawson, F. & Baud-Bovy, M. (1977). Tourism and recreational development.

London: Architectural Press.

Light, D. (1996). Characteristics of the audience for events‘at a heritage site. Tourism Management, 17(3), 183-190. McHone, W.W. & Rungeling, B (2000). -Practical issues in measuring the impact of a cultural tourist event in a major tourist destination. Journal of Travel Research, 38(Feb.), 299- 302.

Lovelock & Wirtz, (2007). Service marketing mix factors effecting customer's decision.

March, R., and A. Woodside. (2005). “Testing Theory of Planned versus Realized Tourism Behaviour.” Annals of Tourism Research, 42 (4): 905-24.

Mazanec, J. (1997) International City Tourism: Analysis and Strategy, 1st ed., London, UK: Pinter, pp. 38-46.

McDougall, G. and Munro, H. (1994). “Scaling and Attitude Measurement in Travel and Tourism,” In Ritchie, B., & Goeldner, C., Eds. Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, pp.

115-129.

McDowall, S. (2010). International Tourist Satisfaction and Destination Loyalty: Bangkok, Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol.15, No.1, page 21-42.

McKercher, Bob, and Tony S. M. Tse (2012). “Is Intention to Return a Valid Proxy for Actual Repeat Visitation?” Journal of Travel Research, 51 (6): 671-686.

Mohr, K., Backman, K.F., Gahan, L.W. & Backman, S.J. (1993). An investigation of festival motivations and Moutinho, L. 1987. Consumer Behavior in Tourism. European Journal of Marketing, 21(10): 5 - 44.

Mykletun, R. J., Crotts, J. C., & Mykletun, A. (2001). Positioning an island destination in the peripheral area of the Baltics: a flexible approach to market segmentation. Tourism Management, 22(5), 493-500.

Nhu, Khang & Thao.(2014).Đánhgiá mối quan hệ giữa mức độ hài lòng và dự định hành vi của du khách quốc tế khi đến Cần Thơ,Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Cần Thơ,Khoa học Chính trị, Kinh tế và Pháp luật: 32, 76-84.

Oppermann, M. (1997), ‘‘First-time and repeat visitors to New Zealand’’, Tourism Management, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 177-81.

Oppermann, M. (2000), ―Tourism destinations loyalty. Journal of Travel Research, vol. 39, no. 11, pp. 78-84.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 7th edition, 2005

Pan B. & Xiang R. L. (2011) The Long Tail of Destination Image and Online Marketing.

Papatheodorou, A. (2001), Civil Aviation Regimes and Leisure Tourism in Europe.

Journal of Air Transport Management, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 381-388.

Parasuraman, A., Berry, L. L. &Zeithaml, V.A. (1991), Refinement and Reassessment of the SERVQUAL Scale, Journal of Retailing, 67 (4): 420- 450.

Petrick, J. F. (2004). Are loyal visitors desired visitors? Tourism Management, 25(4):463-470.

Pratminingsih, Rudatin, and Rimenta. (2014). Roles of Motivation and Destination

Image in Predicting Tourist Revisit Intention: A Case of Bandung- Indonesia. International Journal of Innovation, Management & Technology, Vol.05, No.1.

Prayag, G. (2008). Image, satisfaction and loyalty-The case of Cape Town, International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 205-224.

Prayag, G. (2009) “Tourists’ Evaluations of Destination Image, Satisfaction, and Future Behavioral Intentions – the Case of Mauritius”. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 26(8): 836--853.

Quan & Wang, (2004). Towards a structural model of the tourist experience: an illustration from food experiences in tourism. Tourism Management, Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages 297-305.

Quintal, V. A. and Polczynski, A. (2011). “A. Factors influencing tourists’ revisit intentions Asia Pacific,” Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 554-578.

Shanka, T.& Taylor, R.2004."Discriminating factors of first-time and repeat visitors to wine festivals', Current Issues in Tourism, 7(2):134-145.

Sheppard, B. H., Hartwick, J., & Warshaw, P. R. (1988). The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 325- 343.

Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1317-1338.

Svetlana Stepchenkova & Juline E. Mills. (2010) ―Destination Image: A Meta- Analysis of 2000-2007 Research. Journal of HospitalityMarketing & Management, 19(6): 575-609.

Tribe, J. & Snaith, T. (1998) From SERVQUAL to HOLSAT: Holiday satisfaction in Varadero, Cuba. Tourism Management, vol. 19, pp. 25–34.

Truong, T & Foster, D. (2006). Using HOLSAT to evaluate tourist satisfaction at destination: The case of Australian holidaymakers in Vietnam. Tourism

Management, pp. 842–855.

Um, S., Chon, K. & Ro, Y. (2006). Antecedents of revisit intention. Annals of Tourism Research, 33 (4): 1141-1158.

Uysal, Backman & Potts, (1991). An examination of event tourism motivations and activities. New horizons in tourism and hospitality education, training and research: Conference proceedings, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada (1991), pp. 203–218.

Uysal, M., Gahan, L. & Martin, B. (1993). An examination of event motivations: a case study. Festival Management & Event Tourism, 1(1): 5–10.

Vuuren, Lombard, and Tonder.(2012). Customer satisfaction, trust and commitment as predictors of customer loyalty within an optometric practice environment, Southern African Business Review, Vol. 16, No. 3.

Wang, S. and Qu, H. (2006). A study of tourists' satisfaction determinants in thecontextofthePearl River Delta sub-regional destinations, Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 49-63, 2006.

William G.Huitt. (2000)."Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs".

Yates, J. & Maanen, V. (2001), Information technology and organizational transformation. Sage Publications Inc.

Yoon, Y. and Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism Management, vol. 26, pp. 45 – 56.

Yu & Littrell, (2003). Product and Process Orientations to Tourism Shopping.

Journal of Travel Research, 42: 140-150.

Yuksel, (2007). Shopping risk perceptions: effects on tourists’ emotions, satisfaction and expressed loyalty intentions. Tourism Management, 28(3): 703–713.

Zeithaml, V.A., Berry, L.L. and Parasuraman, A. (1996), ―The behavioural consequences of service quality, Journal of Marketing, Vol.60, April, pp. 31-46.

PHẦN PHỤ LỤC

Phụ lục 1: Bảng khảo sát bằng tiếng Anh

SURVEY ON FOREIGN TOURISTS RETURN INTENTION TOWARDS HO CHI MINH CITY

---o0o---

Dear Sir/Madam,

We are from the International University - Vietnam National University - HCMC. We are conducting a research on Tourists’ return intention and related issues in the tourist destination of HCMC. Would you please spend some of your time (about 15 minutes) to provide us objective information for this questionnaire? The information you provide will be kept confidential and only used for our study purposes.

Thank you for your time and support!

I. EXPERIENCES IN HO CHI MINH CITY

To what extent do you agree with the below statements about service quality and your satisfaction of HCMC as a travel destination? Please circle only ONE appropriate number that best represents your agreement with the statements on a scale of 1-5.

1 – Strongly Disagree 2 – Disagree 3 – Neutral 4 – Agree 5 – Strongly Agree

ATTRIBUTES

AGREEMENT
TOURISTS’ RETURN INTENTION	Low		 Middle			High
I will continue coming to HCMC in the future	1	2	3	4	5
I will try more tourist products and services in HCMC in the future	1	2	3	4	5
I will keep contact with the people that I know in HCMC for the next time I visit	1	2	3	4	5
DESTINATION IMAGE	Low  Middle  High
HCMC is the regional transportation hub	1	2	3	4	5
HCMC is a cheap place to visit	1	2	3	4	5
Local people are very friendly and helpful	1	2	3	4	5

1	2	3	4	5
There are many historical & religious sites	1	2	3	4	5
There is a wide range of accommodations	1	2	3	4	5
There is a wide selection of food and beverage	1	2	3	4	5
There are a many activities for entertainment	1	2	3	4	5
The nightlife is colorful	1	2	3	4	5
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT & RESOURCES	Low  Middle  High
The weather is pleasant	1	2	3	4	5
HCMC has a lot of trees	1	2	3	4	5
There are many beautiful natural attractions (parks, rivers, etc.)	1	2	3	4	5
The streets of HCMC are clean and neat	1	2	3	4	5
HCMC offers a relaxing atmosphere	1	2	3	4	5
INFRASTRUCTURE AND ACCESSIBILITY	Low  Middle  High
It is easy to access HCMC	1	2	3	4	5
Local transportation is convenient	1	2	3	4	5
It is easy to obtain helpful information, advice and support via the Internet, hotlines and travel information centers	1	2	3	4	5
Lodging facilities are good quality	1	2	3	4	5
Service standards in lodging facilities are high and staff are friendly and helpful	1	2	3	4	5
The price of accommodation is reasonable	1	2	3	4	5
CULTURE, HISTORY & ART	Low  Middle  High
Local people's lifestyle is interesting	1	2	3	4	5
HCMC offers remarkable museums and art galleries	1	2	3	4	5
HCMC offers fascinating historical buildings	1	2	3	4	5
HCMC offers attractive religious sites	1	2	3	4	5
There are many festivals/ special events and they are so interesting	1	2	3	4	5
Price for sightseeing are reasonable	1	2	3	4	5
ENTERTAINMENT, RECREATION & OTHER ACTIVITIES	Low  Middle  High
HCMC offers exciting activities (cooking classes, sports, sailing, golf, etc.)	1	2	3	4	5
HCMC is a paradise for health and wellness (massage, facials and other spa treatments)	1	2	3	4	5
Live concerts, bars and clubs are enjoyable	1	2	3	4	5
It is so interesting when going shopping for handicraft, souvenir and special gift in	1	2	3	4	5