Mối quan hệ giữa nhận thức rủi ro, hạnh phúc chủ quan và ý định quay lại của khách du lịch tại Việt Nam - Trường hợp nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh - 37


Multigroup Tests




Global Test



X2

DF

Unconstrained

413.723

322

Constrained

438.134

327

Difference

24.411

5

P-Value

0.000

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Mối quan hệ giữa nhận thức rủi ro, hạnh phúc chủ quan và ý định quay lại của khách du lịch tại Việt Nam - Trường hợp nghiên cứu tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh - 37

Interpretation: The p-value of the chi-square difference test is significant; the model differs across groups.



Local Tests


Path Name

VH1

Beta

VH2

Beta

Difference in Betas

P-Value for Difference


Interpretation


CB → NT.

-

0.283***


-0.231*


-0.052


0.779


There is no difference.


CB → HP.


0.256**


0.125


0.131


0.470

The positive relationship between HP and CB is only significant for VH1.


NT → HP.


-0.180*


-

0.599***


0.418


0.000

The negative relationship between HP and NT is stronger for VH2.


NT → YD.


-0.170*


-

0.539***


0.369


0.004

The negative relationship between YD and NT is stronger for VH2.


HP → YD.


0.282***


0.108


0.174


0.122

The positive relationship between YD and HP is only significant for VH1.



Significance Indicators:

† p < 0.100

* p < 0.050

** p < 0.010

*** p < 0.001


Nhóm văn hóa 1 và 3

Multigroup Tests




Global Test



X2

DF

Unconstrained

513.992

322

Constrained

535.369

327

Difference

21.377

5

P-Value

0.001

Interpretation: The p-value of the chi-square difference test is significant; the model differs across groups.




Local Tests


Path Name

VH1

Beta

VH3

Beta

Difference in Betas

P-Value for Difference


Interpretation


CB → NT.

-

0.283***

-

0.447***


0.164


0.382


There is no difference.


CB → HP.


0.256**


0.553***


-0.297


0.001

The positive relationship between HP and CB is stronger for VH3.

NT → HP.

-0.180*

-0.216**

0.036

0.302

There is no difference.

NT → YD.


-0.170*

-

0.297***


0.127


0.111


There is no difference.

HP → YD.

0.282***

0.337***

-0.055

0.975

There is no difference.




Significance Indicators:

† p < 0.100

* p < 0.050

** p < 0.010

*** p < 0.001

Nhóm văn hóa 1 và 4

Multigroup Tests




Global Test



X2

DF

Unconstrained

405.565

322

Constrained

410.669

327

Difference

5.104

5

P-Value

0.403

Interpretation: The p-value of the chi-square difference test is not significant; interpret local tests with caution.



Local Tests


Path Name

VH1

Beta

VH4

Beta

Difference in Betas

P-Value for Difference


Interpretation


CB → NT.

-

0.283***

-

0.427***


0.144


0.741


There is no difference.

CB → HP.

0.256**

0.207*

0.049

0.827

There is no difference.


NT → HP.


-0.180*


-

0.357***


0.177


0.037

The negative relationship between HP and NT is stronger for VH4.

NT → YD.

-0.170*

-0.179†

0.009

0.820

There is no difference.

HP → YD.

0.282***

0.388***

-0.106

0.916

There is no difference.



Significance Indicators:

† p < 0.100

* p < 0.050

** p < 0.010

*** p < 0.001


Nhóm văn hóa 2 và 3

Multigroup Tests




Global Test



X2

DF

Unconstrained

435.388

322

Constrained

455.946

327

Difference

20.558

5

P-Value

0.001

Interpretation: The p-value of the chi-square difference test is significant; the model differs across groups.



Local Tests


Path Name

VH2

Beta

VH3

Beta

Difference in Betas

P-Value for Difference


Interpretation


CB → NT.


-0.231*

-

0.447***


0.216


0.298


There is no difference.


CB → HP.


0.125


0.553***


-0.428


0.000

The positive relationship between HP and CB is stronger for VH3.


NT → HP.


-

0.599***


-0.216**


-0.383


0.007

The negative relationship between HP and NT is stronger for VH2.


NT → YD.

-

0.539***

-

0.297***


-0.242


0.202


There is no difference.

HP → YD.


0.108


0.337***


-0.228


0.091

The positive relationship between YD and HP is stronger for VH3.




Significance Indicators:

† p < 0.100

* p < 0.050

** p < 0.010

*** p < 0.001

Nhóm văn hóa 2 và 4

Multigroup Tests




Global Test



X2

DF

Unconstrained

326.985

322

Constrained

333.415

327

Difference

6.430

5

P-Value

0.267

Interpretation: The p-value of the chi-square difference test is not significant; interpret local tests with caution.



Local Tests


Path Name

VH2

Beta

VH4

Beta

Difference in Betas

P-Value for Difference


Interpretation


CB → NT.


-0.231*

-

0.427***


0.196


0.566


There is no difference.


CB → HP.


0.125


0.207*


-0.082


0.652

The positive relationship between HP and CB is only significant for VH4.

NT → HP.

-

0.599***

-

0.357***


-0.241


0.315


There is no difference.


NT → YD.


-

0.539***


-0.179†


-0.361


0.023

The negative relationship between YD and NT is stronger for VH2.


HP → YD.


0.108


0.388***


-0.279


0.091

The positive relationship between YD and HP is stronger for VH4.


Significance Indicators:

† p < 0.100

* p < 0.050

** p < 0.010

*** p < 0.001


Nhóm văn hóa 3 và 4

Multigroup Tests




Global Test



X2

DF

Unconstrained

427.230

322

Constrained

439.282

327

Difference

12.052

5

P-Value

0.034

Interpretation: The p-value of the chi-square difference test is significant; the model differs across groups.



Local Tests


Path Name

VH3

Beta

VH4

Beta

Difference in Betas

P-Value for Difference


Interpretation


CB → NT.

-

0.447***

-

0.427***


-0.020


0.567


There is no difference.


CB → HP.


0.553***


0.207*


0.346


0.002

The positive relationship between HP and CB is stronger for VH3.


NT → HP.


-0.216**

-

0.357***


0.141


0.241


There is no difference.

NT → YD.

-

0.297***


-0.179†


-0.119


0.255


There is no difference.

HP → YD.

0.337***

0.388***

-0.051

0.929

There is no difference.

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