Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành Nghề Khoa học cây trồng - Cao đẳng - Trường Cao đẳng Cộng đồng Đồng Tháp

Many people confuse plant nutrition with plant fertilization. Plant nutrition refers to the needs and uses of the basic chemical elements in the plant. Fertilization is the term used when these materials are supplied to the environment around the plant. A lot must happen before a chemical element supplied in a fertilizer can be taken up and used by the plant.

Plants need 18 elements for normal growth. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in air and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur are found in the soil. The latter six elements are used in relatively large amounts by the plant and are called macronutrients. There are nine other elements that are used in much smaller amounts; these are called micronutrients or trace elements. The micronutrients, which are found in the soil are iron, zinc, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, and chlorine. All 18 elements, both macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for plant growth.

GLOSSARY

INSECT PESTS

Vietnamese name English name Scientific name I.Insect pests for rice

Bù lạch Thrips Stenchaetothrips biformis

Rầy xanh Green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens Sâu phao Rice case worm Nymphula depunctalis Sâu keo Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia Muỗi hành Gall midge Orseolia oryzae

Sâu keo Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia

Sâu cuốn lá Leaf folder (or) leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis

mainsails Sâu sừng Rice horned caterpillar Melanitis ismene Sâu lông vàng Yellow hairy caterpillar Psalis pennatula

Châu chấu Grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian Bọ gai Spiny beetle / Rice hispa Dicladispa armigera Sâu đục lá non Whorl maggot Hydrellia sasakii Rầy xanh Green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens Rầy nâu Brown plant leafhopper Nilaparvata lugens Rầy trắng White backed plant hopper Sogatella furcifera Bọ xít hôi Rice earhead bug Leptocorisa acuta

Figure 1. Leaf roller adult

(Photo: Internet source)

II. Insect pests for farm produce Watermelon

Ruồi đục lá

Serpentine leaf miner	Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)
Rầy mềm	Aphids	Aphis gossypii Glover

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Darkling beetles

Blapstinus spp.
Ruồi đục trái	Fruit fly	Bactrocera cucurbitae
		Coquillet
Nhện đỏ	Red spider mites	Tetranychus sp.
Bọ trĩ	Thrips	Thrips palmi Karny

Bọ cánh cứng

Tomato

Sâu đục quả

Fruit Borer	Helicoverpa armigera
Ruồi đục lá	Serpentine leaf miner	Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess)
Sâu ăn lá	Leaf eating caterpillar	Spodoptera litura
Bọ phấn trắng	Whitefly	Bemisia tabaci
Bọ trĩ	Thrips	Thrips tabaci, F. schultzi
Nhện đỏ	Red spider mite	Tetranychus spp.

Chilli

Firgure 2. Red spider mite

(Photo: Internet source)

Bọ trĩ Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis

Rầy mềm xanh Green peach aphid Myzus persicae

Đố thuốc lá Tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura

Sâu xanh Gram caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera

III. Insect pests for fruit-trees Mango

Xén tóc đục thân

Mango stem borer	Batocera rufomaculata De-
Sâu đục vỏ cây	Bark borer	Geer Indarbela tetraonis
Sâu đục cành	Shoot borer	Chlumetia transversa Walker
Rầy bông xoài	Mango hoppers	Idioscopus niveoparsus I.-
atkinsoni		clypealis Amirtodus
Muỗi năng	Inflorescence midge	Dasineura amaramanjarae
Rầy mềm	Aphid	Toxoptera odinae
Ruồi đục trái	Fruit fly	Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis
Mọt đục hạt	Mango nut weevil	Sternochaetus mangiferae
Mọt xoắn lá	Leaf twisting weevil	Apoderus tranquebaricus

Hairy caterpillars

Euproctis fraterna,-
		Prothesiascintillans
Bọ cắt lá	Sand dollars	Deporaus marginatus Pascoe
Kiến đỏ	Red ant	Oecophylla smaradina

Sâu lông

Citrus

Rầy mềm Citrus aphids Black aphid Toxoptera aurantii Boyer

de- Fonscolombe

Brown aphid Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy

Rầy đen Citrus Black fly Aleurocanthus woglumi

Rầy chổng cánh Citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri

Kuwayama

Rệp sáp phấn Mealy bug Planococus lilacinus

Ruồi đục quả Fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis

Sâu đục trái Citrus grub Cipestis sagittiferella Moore

Bọ xít xanh Citrus green bugs Rhynchocoris poseidon-

Kirkaldy

Ngài chích hút Fruit sucking moth Otheris materna, O.

ancilla,- O.Fullonica

Bọ trĩ Citrus thrips Scirtothrips citri Moulton

Rệp bông Cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi

Sâu vẽ bùa Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistic citrella

Stainton

Banana

Sùng đục gốc Rhizome weevil Cosmopolites sordidus

(Germar)

Sâu đục thân Pseudostem borer Odoiporus longicollis

Rầy mềm Banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa f.-

typica

Bọ trĩ Fruit rust thrips Chaetanaphothrips-

signipennis

Sâu lông Castor hairy caterpillar Pericallia ricini

Sâu cắt lá Cut worm Spodoptera litura

Sâu cuốn lá Leaf folder (or) leaf roller Erionota thrax Linnaeus Rầy mềm Aphid Pentalonia nigronvervosa-

Coquerel

Papaya

Firgure 2. Red spider mite.

(Photo: Internet source)

Rầy cánh trắng

White fly	Bemisia tabaci
Ruồi đục trái	Fruit fly	Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis
Mọt tro	Ash weevils	Myllocerus spp
Rệp đào xanh	Green peach aphid	Myzus persicae

Pineapple

Rệp sáp phấn

Mealy bug

Dysmicoccus brevipes-

Rệp sáp phấn

Mealybug

Cockerell Pseudococcus brevipes

Practice

Scanning for details.

1/ Among pests for rice, there is an insect called with three different words. These three words are,,.

2/ Mealy bug can damage for citrus and. 3/damage for tomato and watermelon.

4/ Chilli is spicy, but it is damaged by,,

5/ The insect pest for papaya whose scientific name is Myllocerus spp is

6/fly and red ant damage for.

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REFERENCE

1. GS.TS Nguyễn Văn Huỳnh (2003): Giáo trình Côn trùng nông nghiệp Đại cương phần B. Trường Đại học Cần Thơ.

2. Alice Moon: How to Make Soil to Grow Vegetables | Garden Guides, Mississippi State University--Vegetable Gardening Mississippi-Soil, National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service--Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures, NASA Soil Science Education Page--Soil pH http://www.gardenguides.com/81786-make-soil-grow-vegetables.html (July, 2020).

3. Dena Kane: Chemicals for fruit trees, http://www.gardenguides.com/90137- chemicals-fruit-trees.html (July, 2020).

4. James Altland, Ph.D, North Willamette Research and Extension Center (NWREC), Oregon State University: Herbicide residues in field soils, http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene7af3.html (July, 2020).

5. J. Bentons Jones, Jr: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) - Agronomic Handbook: Management of Crops, Soils, and Their Fertility, CRC Press, https://books.google.com.vn/books (July, 2020).

6. Common Houseplant Insects & Related Pests - Clemson University, http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/pests/plant_pests/indoor/hgic2252.html (July, 2020).

7. Environmental factors that affect plant growth - Arizona Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona, http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/botany/water.html (July, 2020).

8. How to ripen green tomatoes - http://www.wikihow.com/Ripen-Green- Tomatoes#Plastic_bag_method_-_For_a_few_or_many_tomatoes_sub, https://www.planetnatural.com/tomato-gardening-guru/harvesting-storing/ (July, 2020); Our rose garden, urbanext.illinois.edu/roses/disease.cfm.

9. How to prepare the rice field for planting, Rice ragged stunt - Rice Knowledge Bank, Content experts: Il Ryong Choi and C Vera Cruz,

http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/pre-planting/land- preparation, http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest- management/diseases/item/rice-ragged-stunt (July, 2020).

10. Minimizing diseases in vegetable garden – Cornell University, http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene7af3.html (July, 2020).

11. Nutrient Deficiencies - Royal Horticultural Society, https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=456 (July, 2020).

12. Our rose garden - University of Illinois Extension, http://urbanext.illinois.edu/roses/disease.cfm (July, 2020)

13. Rice, Infoplease, http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/rice.html (July, 2020).

14. Taking care of the rice field - Better Farming Series 21. Wet Paddy or Swamp Rice (FAO, 1977, 40, p.40), http://www.sittheng.com.my/en/transplant-method.html (July, 2020).

15. Yellow Dwarf (Mycoplasma Like Organism) - Exper System for Paddy, http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/paddy/cpdisyellowdraft.html (July, 2020).

16. https://www.heirloomroses.com/info/care/roses/introduction-to-roses/ (March, 2021)