Many people confuse plant nutrition with plant fertilization. Plant nutrition refers to the needs and uses of the basic chemical elements in the plant. Fertilization is the term used when these materials are supplied to the environment around the plant. A lot must happen before a chemical element supplied in a fertilizer can be taken up and used by the plant.
Plants need 18 elements for normal growth. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are found in air and water. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and sulfur are found in the soil. The latter six elements are used in relatively large amounts by the plant and are called macronutrients. There are nine other elements that are used in much smaller amounts; these are called micronutrients or trace elements. The micronutrients, which are found in the soil are iron, zinc, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, and chlorine. All 18 elements, both macronutrients and micronutrients are essential for plant growth.
GLOSSARY
INSECT PESTS
Vietnamese name English name Scientific name I.Insect pests for rice
Bù lạch Thrips Stenchaetothrips biformis
Rầy xanh Green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens Sâu phao Rice case worm Nymphula depunctalis Sâu keo Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia Muỗi hành Gall midge Orseolia oryzae
Sâu keo Swarming caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia
Sâu cuốn lá Leaf folder (or) leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis
mainsails Sâu sừng Rice horned caterpillar Melanitis ismene Sâu lông vàng Yellow hairy caterpillar Psalis pennatula
Châu chấu Grasshopper Hieroglyphus banian Bọ gai Spiny beetle / Rice hispa Dicladispa armigera Sâu đục lá non Whorl maggot Hydrellia sasakii Rầy xanh Green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens Rầy nâu Brown plant leafhopper Nilaparvata lugens Rầy trắng White backed plant hopper Sogatella furcifera Bọ xít hôi Rice earhead bug Leptocorisa acuta
Figure 1. Leaf roller adult
(Photo: Internet source)
II. Insect pests for farm produce Watermelon
Serpentine leaf miner | Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) | |
Rầy mềm | Aphids | Aphis gossypii Glover |
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Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành Nghề Khoa học cây trồng - Cao đẳng - Trường Cao đẳng Cộng đồng Đồng Tháp - 8 -
Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành Nghề Khoa học cây trồng - Cao đẳng - Trường Cao đẳng Cộng đồng Đồng Tháp - 9 -
Giáo trình Anh văn chuyên ngành Nghề Khoa học cây trồng - Cao đẳng - Trường Cao đẳng Cộng đồng Đồng Tháp - 10
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Blapstinus spp. | ||
Ruồi đục trái | Fruit fly | Bactrocera cucurbitae |
Coquillet | ||
Nhện đỏ | Red spider mites | Tetranychus sp. |
Bọ trĩ | Thrips | Thrips palmi Karny |
Bọ cánh cứng
Tomato
Fruit Borer | Helicoverpa armigera | |
Ruồi đục lá | Serpentine leaf miner | Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) |
Sâu ăn lá | Leaf eating caterpillar | Spodoptera litura |
Bọ phấn trắng | Whitefly | Bemisia tabaci |
Bọ trĩ | Thrips | Thrips tabaci, F. schultzi |
Nhện đỏ | Red spider mite | Tetranychus spp. |
Chilli
Firgure 2. Red spider mite
(Photo: Internet source)
Bọ trĩ Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis
Rầy mềm xanh Green peach aphid Myzus persicae
Đố thuốc lá Tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura
Sâu xanh Gram caterpillar Helicoverpa armigera
III. Insect pests for fruit-trees Mango
Mango stem borer | Batocera rufomaculata De- | |
Sâu đục vỏ cây | Bark borer | Geer Indarbela tetraonis |
Sâu đục cành | Shoot borer | Chlumetia transversa Walker |
Rầy bông xoài | Mango hoppers | Idioscopus niveoparsus I.- |
atkinsoni | clypealis Amirtodus | |
Muỗi năng | Inflorescence midge | Dasineura amaramanjarae |
Rầy mềm | Aphid | Toxoptera odinae |
Ruồi đục trái | Fruit fly | Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis |
Mọt đục hạt | Mango nut weevil | Sternochaetus mangiferae |
Mọt xoắn lá | Leaf twisting weevil | Apoderus tranquebaricus |
Euproctis fraterna,- | ||
Prothesiascintillans | ||
Bọ cắt lá | Sand dollars | Deporaus marginatus Pascoe |
Kiến đỏ | Red ant | Oecophylla smaradina |
Sâu lông
Citrus
Rầy mềm Citrus aphids Black aphid Toxoptera aurantii Boyer
de- Fonscolombe
Brown aphid Toxoptera citricidus Kirkaldy
Rầy đen Citrus Black fly Aleurocanthus woglumi
Rầy chổng cánh Citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri
Kuwayama
Rệp sáp phấn Mealy bug Planococus lilacinus
Ruồi đục quả Fruit fly Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis
Sâu đục trái Citrus grub Cipestis sagittiferella Moore
Bọ xít xanh Citrus green bugs Rhynchocoris poseidon-
Kirkaldy
Ngài chích hút Fruit sucking moth Otheris materna, O.
ancilla,- O.Fullonica
Bọ trĩ Citrus thrips Scirtothrips citri Moulton
Rệp bông Cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi
Sâu vẽ bùa Citrus leafminer Phyllocnistic citrella
Stainton
Banana
Sùng đục gốc Rhizome weevil Cosmopolites sordidus
(Germar)
Sâu đục thân Pseudostem borer Odoiporus longicollis
Rầy mềm Banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa f.-
typica
Bọ trĩ Fruit rust thrips Chaetanaphothrips-
signipennis
Sâu lông Castor hairy caterpillar Pericallia ricini
Sâu cắt lá Cut worm Spodoptera litura
Sâu cuốn lá Leaf folder (or) leaf roller Erionota thrax Linnaeus Rầy mềm Aphid Pentalonia nigronvervosa-
Coquerel
Papaya
Firgure 2. Red spider mite.
(Photo: Internet source)
White fly | Bemisia tabaci | |
Ruồi đục trái | Fruit fly | Bactrocera (Dacus) dorsalis |
Mọt tro | Ash weevils | Myllocerus spp |
Rệp đào xanh | Green peach aphid | Myzus persicae |
Pineapple
Mealy bug | Dysmicoccus brevipes- | |
Rệp sáp phấn | Mealybug | Cockerell Pseudococcus brevipes |
Practice
Scanning for details.
1/ Among pests for rice, there is an insect called with three different words. These three words are,,.
2/ Mealy bug can damage for citrus and. 3/damage for tomato and watermelon.
4/ Chilli is spicy, but it is damaged by,,
,.
5/ The insect pest for papaya whose scientific name is Myllocerus spp is
.
6/fly and red ant damage for.
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REFERENCE
1. GS.TS Nguyễn Văn Huỳnh (2003): Giáo trình Côn trùng nông nghiệp Đại cương phần B. Trường Đại học Cần Thơ.
2. Alice Moon: How to Make Soil to Grow Vegetables | Garden Guides, Mississippi State University--Vegetable Gardening Mississippi-Soil, National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service--Overview of Cover Crops and Green Manures, NASA Soil Science Education Page--Soil pH http://www.gardenguides.com/81786-make-soil-grow-vegetables.html (July, 2020).
3. Dena Kane: Chemicals for fruit trees, http://www.gardenguides.com/90137- chemicals-fruit-trees.html (July, 2020).
4. James Altland, Ph.D, North Willamette Research and Extension Center (NWREC), Oregon State University: Herbicide residues in field soils, http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene7af3.html (July, 2020).
5. J. Bentons Jones, Jr: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) - Agronomic Handbook: Management of Crops, Soils, and Their Fertility, CRC Press, https://books.google.com.vn/books (July, 2020).
6. Common Houseplant Insects & Related Pests - Clemson University, http://www.clemson.edu/extension/hgic/pests/plant_pests/indoor/hgic2252.html (July, 2020).
7. Environmental factors that affect plant growth - Arizona Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona, http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/botany/water.html (July, 2020).
8. How to ripen green tomatoes - http://www.wikihow.com/Ripen-Green- Tomatoes#Plastic_bag_method_-_For_a_few_or_many_tomatoes_sub, https://www.planetnatural.com/tomato-gardening-guru/harvesting-storing/ (July, 2020); Our rose garden, urbanext.illinois.edu/roses/disease.cfm.
9. How to prepare the rice field for planting, Rice ragged stunt - Rice Knowledge Bank, Content experts: Il Ryong Choi and C Vera Cruz,
http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/step-by-step-production/pre-planting/land- preparation, http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/pest- management/diseases/item/rice-ragged-stunt (July, 2020).
10. Minimizing diseases in vegetable garden – Cornell University, http://www.gardening.cornell.edu/homegardening/scene7af3.html (July, 2020).
11. Nutrient Deficiencies - Royal Horticultural Society, https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/profile?PID=456 (July, 2020).
12. Our rose garden - University of Illinois Extension, http://urbanext.illinois.edu/roses/disease.cfm (July, 2020)
13. Rice, Infoplease, http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/rice.html (July, 2020).
14. Taking care of the rice field - Better Farming Series 21. Wet Paddy or Swamp Rice (FAO, 1977, 40, p.40), http://www.sittheng.com.my/en/transplant-method.html (July, 2020).
15. Yellow Dwarf (Mycoplasma Like Organism) - Exper System for Paddy, http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/expert_system/paddy/cpdisyellowdraft.html (July, 2020).
16. https://www.heirloomroses.com/info/care/roses/introduction-to-roses/ (March, 2021)