Developing card services at Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank - 5

CHAPTER 4

RESEARCH OF FACTORS IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CARD SERVICES AT ASIAN JOINT STOCK COMMERCIAL BANK

Chapter 4, the author will give an overview of the quantitative research of the thesis, conduct surveys, collect and process data to identify factors affecting the development of card services at ACB. In addition, through data analysis to determine the influence of factors on the development of card services as a basis for proposing solutions in the next chapter.

4.1 Research model overview

4.1.1 Theoretical basis of research model

ACB's research model of factors affecting card development is built on the theoretical foundation mentioned above and the background of research related to card service development. The author will use the models in the following studies as a basis:

-  Luong Thi Ngoc Lan (2011), "Development of payment card services at Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade, Luu Xa - Thai Nguyen branch"

-  Tran Thi Phuong Thao (2011), "Developing card services at Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade of Vietnam - Thua Thien Hue branch"

-  Vu Van Thuc (2012), "Developing card services at Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam"

4.1.2 Proposed research model

From the use of research models as the basis, and at the same time, based on the analysis and assessment of experts in the field of bank cards, combined with the polling of experts, the brothers and sisters. Having experience in business, market development, customer care field, currently working at ACB, the author has combined a group of factors affecting the development of ACB's cards. The proposed research model is developed as follows:

-  Combination of factors from research models

From the research of  Luong Thi Ngoc Lan  (2011), the author draws out 4 relevant factors including: legal, customer psychology, procedures, and technology infrastructure.

From the research of  Tran Thi Phuong Thao  (2011), after eliminating duplicate factors, the author has drawn 3 factors: brand, ATM/POS network and fees.

Similarly, from the research of  Vu Van Thuc  (2012), after removing the duplicate elements, the author draws out the element: utility.

Thus, the author has combined a group of 8 factors affecting ACB's card development: legal, customer psychology, procedures, technology infrastructure, brand, ATM network/ POS, fees and utilities.

-  Analyze, evaluate, unify factors and propose research models

After analyzing, evaluating, discussing and filtering factors from experience and experts' opinions, From the initial 8 factors, the author considers and unifies the proposed research model of the study, there will be 6 remaining factors. Factors affecting the development of card services at ACB include: customer psychology, legality, technology infrastructure, brand, ATM/POS network, and utilities.

H1

H2 H3

H4 Brand

H5 ATM/POS Network

H6

Developing card services at ACB

Customer psychology

Juridical

Technology infrastructure

Utilities

Figure 4.1. Proposed research model

-  The proposed research model includes 6 hypotheses as follows:

 Hypothesis H1: Customer psychology has a positive impact on the development of card services of ACB.

 Hypothesis H2: Legal has a positive impact on the development of card services of ACB.

 Hypothesis H3: Technology infrastructure has a positive impact on the development of card services of ACB.

 Hypothesis H4: Brand has a positive impact on the development of card services of ACB.

 Hypothesis H5: ATM/POS network has a positive impact on the development of card services of ACB.

 Hypothesis H6: Utility has a positive impact on the development of card services of ACB.

-  Multiple linear regression model is represented with coded factors:

PTDVT = β  + β 1 *TL + β 2 *PL + β 3 *CN + β 4 *TH + β 5 *ML + β 6 *TI + i

 PTDVT: Card service development

 TL: Customer psychology

 PL: Legal

 CN: Technology infrastructure

 TH: Brand

 ML: ATM/POS network

 TI: Utilities

4.2 Research Methods

4.2.1 Preliminary Research

-  β 0  : Coordinate of origin (intercept coefficient)

-  i: Error 

The author uses the method of interviewing people who are knowledgeable about the research problem. The author discusses with 15 experts in the field of banking cards in the positions of Directors, Heads of Departments, Team leaders, R&D specialists, product consultants, complaint settlement and care. customers,… The meeting

Group discussion was conducted with the above subjects in turn in 1 working day to develop a preliminary survey.

After using the expert method, from the initial 08 factors, the author agrees that there are 6 factors affecting the development of card services at ACB, including: customer psychology, legal, institutional technology infrastructure, brands, ATM/POS networks, utilities. Experts agree that fees and procedures should be eliminated due to:

Firstly, the fees related to the card are being waived by the bank or charge a small fee in the market;

Secondly, ACB's card issuance procedure is quick, for example ACB2GO card, customers will receive a card, PIN, instructions to activate use only 15 minutes after registering to use the card at customer service. (This is a very competitive advantage of ACB in the market).

There are 24 observed variables affecting the development of card services of ACB. The author uses a draft scale (Appendix 1) as a preliminary scale to conduct group discussions (Appendix 2) with 10 participants who are individuals who have professional knowledge, often use and interact with cards. including 01 individual customer relations specialist, 02 individual customer relations officers, 02 tellers, 03 personal customer service staff (counters), 02 customer service center consultants 24/7… as a basis to build an official scale for conducting interviews. After conducting group discussion, 6 independent factors and 24 observed variables of ACB's research model on card service development were kept unchanged and a questionnaire was made to conduct the survey. After collecting the appropriate number of samples,

4.2.2 Formal Research

 How to do it

The author builds a survey questionnaire and collects data through a direct survey of employees related to card services (because this is the audience who knows best about card operations) and divides Share the link to survey in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi on Google Drive tool.

The results obtained after ensuring a sufficient number of research samples, the author conducts to export to an Excel file and encode for data entry and processing on SPSS 20 software.

The content of the questionnaire is detailed in Appendix 4

 Sampling method and sample size

Samples were selected by convenience sampling method. According to Hoelter (1983): The minimum sample size is 200 research samples. According to Bollen (1989): The overall sample will be equal to the total number of observed variables multiplied by a factor of 5. In this study, there are 24 main observed variables, so the total sample is at least 120 observations. . However, in this study, the author wanted to limit the deviation of the data to be low, so he conducted a study of 350 samples. For the topic using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the minimum sample size should be 50, preferably 100, and the observation/measurement variable ratio is 5:1 (Nguyen Dinh Tho, 2011). , page 415).

The topic uses two methods of EFA analysis and regression analysis, so the sample size is 350 enough to ensure EFA analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The sample size above is taken more than the minimum to deduct the loss occurring during the survey.

 Methods of data collection and analysis

The questionnaire was sent via email (100), sent at the counter (100), met face-to-face with staff (150) with the support of the operations department. The list of participants who received the survey via email was selected on the ACB's database.

For the questionnaire placed at the counter, when the staff involved in the transaction at the counter can answer and send it back to the staff immediately.

Survey period: November - December 2015

 Data processing methods

After collecting research data, it will be processed on SPSS 20 software in the following order:

Step 1: Prepare data by collecting answer sheets, cleaning data, encoding necessary data in questionnaires with SPSS software.

Step 2: Conduct descriptive statistics of the collected data

Step 3: Assess the reliability of the scale using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient Step 4: Exploratory factor analysis EFA

Step 5: Regression analysis to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables

4.3 Research results

4.3.1 Statistics on research sample

There were all 350 quantitative survey questionnaires sent, after collecting 216 valid votes, the rate was 61.71%.

Table 4.1 Number of survey questionnaires sent and received

Survey form

Send

Collected

Field survey

250

160

Survey via email

100

56

Total

350

216

Maybe you are interested!

Developing card services at Asia Commercial Joint Stock Bank - 5

Source: Survey results, 2015

Table 4.2 Statistics of study sample

STT

Respondent Information

Quantity (person)

Ratio %

first

Sex

  

1.1

male

107

49.54

1.2

Female

109

50.46

total

216

100

2

Age (age)

  

2.1

18 to 30

97

44.9

2.2

31 to 40

78

36.1

2.3

41 to 45

17

7.9

2.4

46 to 50

15

6.9

2.5

Over 50

9

4.2

total

216

100

3

Work experience

  

3.1

Less than 1 year

19

8.8

3.2

From 01 year to less than 03 years

59

27.3

3.3

From 3 years to less than 5 years

92

42.6

3.4

Over 05 years

forty six

21.3

total

216

100

4

Working department

  

4.1

Card business

60

27.8

4.2

Customer Service – Transaction Counter

85

39.4

4.3

Standard spending/cardholder operations

38

17.6

4.4

Other

33

15.3

total

216

100

Source: Survey results, 2015

 Gender: Based on the statistics in Table 4.5, the surveyed subjects were 216, in which the rate of female was 50.46%, male was 49.54%.

 Age: The surveyed age range from 18 years old to over 50 years old, of which the age group from 18 to 30 years old accounted for the majority (97 people), accounting for 44.9%, the age group from 31 years old to under 40 years old had the highest percentage. rate 36.1%, age from 41 to under 50 has rate 14.8%. Over 50 years old and above account for a smaller proportion of about 4.2%.

 Working experience: Of the 216 surveyed people, 92 people using ACB's card services are those with working experience from 03 years to less than 05 years, accounting for the majority of the survey sample, about 42.6 %; 59 people have from 01 year to less than 03 years of experience, accounting for 27.3%; 46 people with more than 5 years of experience accounted for (21.3%), lastly less than 1 year, 19 people accounted for 8.8%.

 Working department: Focusing mainly on the working group at Customer Service Department – ​​Transaction counter has 85 people (39.4%), followed by card business with 60 people (27.8%). . There were 38 people (17.8%) in the group of subjects performing the payment approval/cardholder operation, and the last group had 33 people (15.3%).

 The majority of employees use ACB's debit card, with 133 people, accounting for 61.6%; followed by prepaid cards, with 53 people, accounting for 24.5%, and finally credit cards with 30 people, accounting for 13.9%.

Table 4.3 Types of ACB's employee cards mainly used

card type

Frequency

Percent (%)

Credit

30

13.9

Debit card

133

61.6

Prepaid cards

53

24.5

Total

216

100.0

Source: Survey results, 2015

4.3.2 Analysis of the reliability of the scale

The scales all have Cronbach Alpha coefficient > 0.6, showing that the scales meet the standards as good scales with high reliability. All observed variables have satisfactory correlation of total variables > 0.3. So the research scales in the work are eligible for EFA analysis.

All scales have reliability > 0.6. All remaining 27 observed variables will be used in the EFA exploratory factor analysis step. So the research model keeps the 27 variables that meet the requirements for the quality of the scale and the number of retained variables for EFA analysis is 27 variables. After analyzing the Cronbach's Alpha reliability coefficient, the scales were next evaluated by the exploratory factor analysis method (EFA).

Table 4.4 Cronbach's alpha factors affecting card service development

Encode

Average if variable type

Variance if variable type

Total variable correlation

Cronbach's alpha if variable type

Customer Psychology Scale: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.719

TL1

10.3472

5.223

,494

,665

TL2

10.3611

5.106

,548

,633

TL3

10.1389

5.255

,446

,696

TL4

10.1389

5.181

,545

,636

Legal Scale: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.707

PL1

6.9120

2.564

,518

,625

PL2

6.9722

2,632

,555

,580

PL3

6.9398

2.671

,501

,644

Scale of Technology Infrastructure: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.725

CN1

9.6065

6.575

,513

,665

CN2

9,5509

6146

,590

,619

CN3

9,7176

6.576

,465

,694

CN4

9.5556

6.602

,493

,677

Brand Scale: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.728

TH1

10.7870

4,996

,593

,621

TH2

10.5694

5,260

,512

,671

TH3

10,8102

5.122

,558

,643

TH4

10,7500

5.919

,412

,725

ATM/POS Network Scale: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.783

ML1

10.9352

5.698

,606

,722

ML2

10.9676

5.566

,571

,740

ML3

10,8889

6.313

,542

,754

ML4

10.9167

5.258

,645

,700

Utility Scale: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.776

TI1

13.9815

7,739

,546

,737

TI2

14.1389

7,916

,600

,719

TI3

14.1759

8,481

,459

,765

TI4

13.6991

7,979

,522

,745

TI5

13.8565

7,956

,633

,709

Card Service Development Scale: Cronbach's Alpha = 0.774

PTDVT1

6.2917

3.063

0.581

0.744

PTDVT2

6.5463

1.868

0.644

0.696

PTDVT3

6.2731

2,534

0.669

0.635

Source: Author of survey and calculation of SPSS, 2015

4.3.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)

 EFA test results of factors affecting card service development

Because the scales when testing Cronbach Alpha give good results, only a few variables of the scales are excluded, so the entire scale in the study is eligible for EFA processing to ensure the reliability of the scale.

Conditions for factor analysis that the author requires are:

 KMO coefficient ≥ 0.5 significance level of Barlett test ≤ 0.05.

 Factor loading factor > 0.5, if the variable has load factor < 0.5, it will be eliminated.

 The scale is accepted when the total variance extracted is ≥ 50%.

 Eigenvalues ​​coefficient > 1.

 Differentiate the factor loading factor of an observed variable between the factors ≥ 0.3 to create a discriminant value between the factors.

Table 4.5 KMO coefficients and Bartlett . test

KMO and Bartlett's Test

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy

0.698

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square

1,396,072

DF

276

sig,

0.000

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

The above analysis conditions provide enough conditions for EFA processing to ensure reliability.

 KMO value reached 0.698 > 0.6, so factor analysis is appropriate with the obtained research data.

 Bartlett test has a value of 1396,072 with significance level Sig= 0.00<0.05, so the observed variables used are linearly correlated with representative factors (reject hypothesis H0: observed variables do not have a linear correlation with each other in the population), so the hypothesis of the factor model is not appropriate and will be rejected, which proves that the data used for factor analysis is completely consistent. consistent with research.

 There are 6 factors extracted at Eigenvalues ​​= 1,489 > 1, so it can be confirmed that the number of factors extracted is appropriate.

The total variance explained of the factor analysis is 58,225 > 50%. This means that 58.225 % of the variation of the factors is explained by the observed variables

Table 4.6 Total Variance Explained

Components

Initial Eigenvalues

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Total

% of Variance

Cumulative %

Total

% of Variance

Cumulative %

first

3.257

13,570

13,570

3.257

13,570

13,570

2

2,691

11.214

24.783

2,691

11.214

24.783

3

2,321

9,670

34.454

2,321

9,670

34.454

4

2,281

9,502

43,956

2,281

9,502

43,956

5

1,935

8,065

52.020

1,935

8,065

52.020

6

1.489

6,205

58,225

1.489

6,205

58,225

7

,936

3,902

62,127

   

8

,830

3.458

65,585

   

9

,775

3.228

68,813

   

ten

,742

3.092

71,905

   

11

,715

2,980

74.886

   

twelfth

,709

2.955

77.840

   

13

,660

2.752

80.592

   

14

,607

2.531

83,123

   

15

,538

2.241

85,364

   

16

,514

2.141

87.505

   

17

,475

1,978

89,483

   

18

,436

1.818

91,302

   

19

,413

1,721

93,023

   

20

,396

1,650

94.673

   

21

,369

1.536

96,209

   

22

,332

1.384

97,593

   

23

,324

1.351

98,944

   

24

,253

1.056

100,000 yen

   

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

The factor analysis results show that the scale of factors affecting the development of card services at ACB has 6 factors with 24 observed variables shown in the result table of the factor rotation matrix.

Table 4.7 Factor rotation matrix results

 

Components

first

2

3

4

5

6

TI5

,782

     

TI2

,758

     

TI1

,712

     

TI4

,689

     

TI3

,661

     

ML4

 

,817

    

ML1

 

,782

    

ML2

 

,768

    

ML3

 

,702

    

TL2

  

,812

   

TL4

  

,780

   

TL1

  

,729

   

TL3

  

,620

   

TH1

   

,770

  

TH3

   

,766

  

TH2

   

,719

  

TH4

   

,639

  

CN2

    

,794

 

CN1

    

,747

 

CN4

    

,705

 

CN3

    

,679

 

PL1

     

,803

PL2

     

,778

PL3

     

,777

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser Normalization.

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

 Separation of the "card service development" factor

The author conducts factor separation test for dependent factors through the method of loading factor score test. The author finds that the observed variables are strongly correlated and solve for the same problem. The total coefficient of model explanation reached 70.364% and only 1 group of factors.

Table 4.8 Total Variance Explained

Compo

-nent

Initial Eigenvalues

Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings

Total

% of Variance

Cumu

-lative %

Total

% of Variance

Cumu

-lative %

first

2.111

70,364

70,364

2.111

70,364

70,364

2

,506

16,869

87.232

   

3

,383

12,768

100,000 yen

   

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

4.3.4 Correlation analysis results between independent and dependent variables. (With two-tailed test with 95% confidence)

Table 4.9 Correlation Matrix Table

Correlations

 

TL

PL

CN

th

ML

TIEN

PTDVT

TL

Pearson Correlation

first

      

Sig. (2-tailed)

       

WOMEN

,216

      

PL

Pearson Correlation

,098

first

     

Sig. (2-tailed)

,151

      

WOMEN

216

216

     

CN

Pearson Correlation

,269 **

,055

first

    

Sig. (2-tailed)

, 000

,422

     

WOMEN

216

216

216

    

th

Pearson Correlation

,174 *

,046

,387 **

first

   

Sig. (2-tailed)

,011

,505

, 000

    

WOMEN

216

216

216

216

216

  

ML

Pearson Correlation

,294 **

,120

,234 **

,350 **

first

  

Sig. (2-tailed)

, 000

,077

,001

, 000

   

WOMEN

216

216

216

216

216

  

TIEN

Pearson Correlation

,363 **

,090

,266 **

,214 **

,326 **

first

 

Sig. (2-tailed)

, 000

,186

, 000

,002

, 000

  

WOMEN

216

216

216

216

216

216

 

PTDVT

Pearson Correlation

,423 **

,189 **

,555 **

,576 **

,536 **

,503 **

first

Sig. (2-tailed)

, 000

,005

, 000

, 000

, 000

, 000

 

WOMEN

216

216

216

216

216

216

216

**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

Looking at the correlation matrix, we can see that the card service development scale (PTDVT) is significantly correlated with the independent factors in the model. The correlation coefficient between the dependent factors and the independent factors has the Sig value ≤ 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is no multicollinearity in the model. But to ensure the accuracy of the model, the author still tests the correlation regression model.

4.3.5 Linear regression analysis results

Table 4.10 Model Summary b

Model

CHEAP

CHEAP

Square

Adjusted R Square

Std. Error of the Estimate

Durbin-Watson

first

,806 a

,650

,639

,17778

1,913

a. Predictors: (Constant), customer sentiment, legal, technology  infrastructure, brands , ATM/ POS networks, utilities.

b. Dependent Variable: Develop card services.

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

The adjusted R2 coefficient = 0.639 shows that the fit of the model is relatively high. Thus, the independent variables explain 63.90% of the change of the dependent variable Card service development.

Table 4.11 Coefficients a

Model

Unstandardized Coefficients

Standardized Coefficients

t

Sig.

Collinearity Statistics

REMOVE

Std. Error

Beta

Tole rance

VIF

first

(Constant)

-,308

,213

 

-1.446

,150

  

TL

,125

,043

,132

2.907

,004

,809

1.236

PL

,062

,026

,097

2,355

,019

,980

1.021

CN

,246

,041

,278

6.038

, 000

,791

1.264

th

,279

,042

,309

6.653

, 000

,777

1.287

ML

,193

,038

,238

5.133

, 000

,780

1.282

TIEN

,187

,038

,229

4,972

, 000

,794

1.260

a. Dependent Variable: Develop card services.

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

The lowest VIF variance exaggeration factor is 1.021 and the highest is 1.287 < 2, all VIF coefficients are less than 2. Therefore, the author finds that there is no multicollinearity between the factors.

Model fit test: In order to infer this model into the overall model, it is necessary to consider the F-Test through analysis of variance (ANOVA) as shown in Table 4.22. Because of Sig. = 0.000, we reject the hypothesis that the overall coefficient of determination R2 = 0, which means that at least one independent variable has an influence on the dependent variable. The multiple linear regression model fits the data set and is usable.

Table 4.12 Test of the fit of the regression model

Model

Sum of squares

DF

Mean squared

F

sig,

first

Regression

12,242

6

2.040

64,556

000 b

Surplus

6.606

209

,032

  

Total

18,848

215

   

a. Dependent Variable: PTDVT

b. Predictors: (Constant), TI, PL, TH, TL, CN, ML

Source: Survey results, SPSS, 2015

Looking at the Coefficients table  we see that the VIF coefficients of the factors are all < 2, so there is no multicollinearity phenomenon in the model.

According to the Table of Coefficients  we see:

 TL has a value of Sig = 0.004 < 0.05, so TQM has a significant correlation with PTDVT with 95% confidence.

 PL has a value of Sig = 0.019 < 0.05, so PLCS has a significant correlation with PTDVT with 95% confidence.

 CN, TH, ML and TI have Sig value = 0.00 < 0.05, so CN, TH, ML, TI are significantly correlated with PTDVT with 95% confidence.

The independent variables TI, PL, TH, TL, CN, ML have coefficients β>0, showing a positive influence with variable Y (PTDVT).

Thus, the multiple linear regression equation is written as follows:

PTDVT = -0.308+ 0.125*TL + 0.062*PL + 0.246*CN + 0.279*TH + 0.193*ML + 0.187*TI + i

Date published: 10/04/2022