| Type particle | Classical feature | Word Example | Link Name | Link Example |
| Intransitive verb (Vi) Not used in the passive voice | operation: no modifier required | breathing, sitting, standing, lying down, sleeping, waking, (engine) exploding, (horn) whistling, (wind) blowing | ViAp ViEp+ SV- & {RtVi- or RpVi- or RfVi- or RpVi+} | gusty sleep on bed) baby will sleep, baby will sleep, I sleep |
| Psychophysiology: does not require complements | cry, laugh, cry, … . / | |||
| transitive verb (Vt) | action: requires the complement only when the object is affected | cut (grass), chop (firewood), tear, chop, sow, nurse | SV- & O+- &{VtEp} SV- & O+- &{Vt A-} VmVt- | lumber worker I sow seed on (yard) it cuts the grass (very) fast (sowing) is sown |
| artifact: requires real from the object instance to be created. | write (newspaper), draw, hewn, trim, carve, invent, invent | SV- & O+- &{Vt A-} SV- & VmVt- | i sharpen the pencil I sharpen my pencil carefully Invented electric light | |
| receive and receive: requires 2 direct and indirect complements | give, send, give, give, report, notify, receive | SV- & IO+ & O + SV- & O+ & VtEg+ & EgNt+ SV- &VmVt- & O+ | I give the baby a book I give books to babies the baby is given a book | |
| imperative: requires the direct complement and the “consenting content” causes | wrong, tell, cause, guide, consider, promote make (for, break), cause (for), break (break) | SV- & IO+ & VtVt SV- & IO+ & VtVt+ SV-&VmVt- &VtVs+ SV- & VtVs+ & O+ SV- & O+ & VtVs+ SV- &{Rt Vt- or RpVt- or RfVt-} & {VmVt- }& {RpVt+} | I told him to go to school The boss asked the staff to turn off the lights he was promoted to be (foreman) I broke the bowl I broke the bowl the bowl is broken | |
| effect: requires the direct object and/or target of the action | pull, push, push. press, tilt, place… | SV- &{Rt Vt or RpVt or RfVt}& O+ &VtEs+&{RpVt+} SV- &VtEs+ & O+ SV-& {O+} &(VtN+ orVtPp+) | I put the book on the table, I’m putting the book on the table, I put the book on the table. I reached the book table I force my children to eat, my parents force me to get married forced to work | |
| move | run, crawl, roll… go (this verb has a special use in Vietnamese: go to school, go swim, play. . .) | SV- &{Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-} & {VtEp+}&{RpVt+} SV-& {Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-} & VtEm SV-& {Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-} & CH+ SV- & {Rt Vt or RpVt or RfVt} & O+ SV- &{Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-} & {VtEp+}&{RpVt+} SV- & {Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-} & GO+ | I’m climbing (mountain) , it came by motorbike, The train has left the station, the guests have entered the house i’m going up (mountain) I go to school, I’m going out (private) from “go”) | |
| behavior | steal, snatch, steal… | SV- & (O+) SV- &EmNu | it steals money businesses pay in dollars | |
| Thinking | learn, understand, listen, speak… . | SV- &{Rt Vt or RpVt or RfVt} &VmVt-& O+ VtVt SV- & | I study a foreign language, I learned a foreign language language learn to speak, learn to play (fiddle) I finished my studies |
Maybe you are interested!
-
Vietnamese linking grammar model - 30 -
Vietnamese linking grammar model - 31 -
Vietnamese linking grammar model - 32 -
Vietnamese linking grammar model - 34 -
Vietnamese linking grammar model - 35 -
Vietnamese linking grammar model - 36
| Type particle | Classical feature | Word Example | Link Name | Link Example |
| state verbs (Vs) | 1. emotional psychology | curious, trusting, doubting love, hate, sad, love, angry love like, admire, loathe. . | VsN+ VsE+ SV- &{RlVt- or RlVt+} | trust friends believe in the future I’m sad, I’m so sad, I’m so embarrassed |
| 2.to exist | still, yes, lost | SV-&{Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-}& O+ | I have two thousand dong left, it has lost its lover | |
| 3. metamorphosis | to transform (to become), to germinate (to germinate), to arise, to change, | SV- & {VsVs+}& O+ | caterpillars turned into butterflies | |
| 4. Consumption | sick, tired, consumed, dead, lost | Sv-&{VsN+} | ||
| 5.reception | eat, enjoy | O+ | enjoy the life of beating, eating bullets (very rarely used in Vt form) | |
| 6. start, continue | start, continue, stop, end, stop… | SV-&{Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-}&VsVt+ | The boy has started to walk | |
| 7. take a break | stop, stop, stop, | SV-& {Rt Vt -or RpVt- or RfVt-}& VsV+ | it stopped arguing | |
| 8.relationship | is, do | DT_LA- | Cabbage is… | |
| modal verb (Vm) | 1.review | should, should,, see, see | SV-& (VmVt+ or VmVi) | you should buy candy |
| 2.will | intend, intend, dare, dare decide | SV- & VmVt+ | he decided to go to trade | |
| 3. wish | wish, dream, wish | RsVm- RlVm- | only wish Looking forward | |
| 4.depends | suffer, be, suffer, have to endure | VmVt SV+ | ||
| auxiliary verb (Vu) | the verb is not capable of being a predicate in a sentence | patriotic, nomadic, peaceful, family and refreshments | NVu- VmVu- CVu- VVu- | tranquilizers, nomads was suspended for refreshments finished studying, done |
| adjective (Ap) | Only the nature of the things, can be accompanied by adverbs only level Only the properties the object contains the value of quantity | good, beautiful, bad, smart, enthusiastic | SA- &ApNu+ ApAr+ | beautiful girl she is very beautiful twenty meters deep |
| relative adjective (Ar) | indicates dependence or interaction | public, private, internal, external, private, private | shared, grandma | |
| comparative relationship | equal, more, less, same, different… . | ApAr- NAr- ArN+ AreE | more beautiful, three hours more more than ten people different from, like more rice day | |
| Relative adjectives are converted from nouns. | see in noun | National Army | ||
| onomatopoeia (Ao) | not independent as predicate | jingle, creak, jingle… | VA | jingle bells buckets and pots clatter |
| figurative adjective (Ai) | not independent as predicate | stooped, shriveled, sloppy, on the same axis, sloppy… | VA ApAi | bow down |
| demonstrative pronoun (Pd) | there, there, that, that, that, this, now, now, then, then, so… | McN McNt+ | her teacher right now | |
| preposition range (Es) | about, above, below, in, out | NtEm+ &EmVt | ||
| positional preposition (Ep) | at | EpN | in Hanoi, at school | |
| Possessive Preposition (Eo) | of the | EoNt+ EoPp+ | teacher’s mine | |
| material preposition (Em) | equal | Nt5Em-& EmNt6+ NgEm-& EmNt6+ VtEm-& EmNt6+ | wooden table, silk clothes, corrugated iron roof |