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Assessment Criteria for the Favorability of Location Criteria and Accessibility for Developing Dlstdvcđ


According to Do Trong Dung (2011) in Sustainable Ecotourism Development in Northwest Vietnam, in terms of natural conditions assessment , the assessment level and assessment scores of criteria for the ability to exploit sustainable ecotourism are determined as follows:

- Location and accessibility: Location and accessibility are very important in implementing ecotourism activities. In fact, there are many places with resources to develop tourism, but because of remoteness and difficult roads, ecotourism exploitation is limited for these locations. The level of suitability in terms of location and accessibility of a tourist destination is divided into 4 equivalent levels as follows ( Table 3.5) :

Table 3.5. Criteria for assessing the level of convenience of location criteria and accessibility for community-based tourism development


Main indicators

(distance, travel time and number of popular means of transport)

Rating level

Rating Points

Distance from 10 - 100km, travel time is no more than 3 hours, can be traveled by 2 - 3 popular means of transport.

RTL

4

Distance from 100 - 200km, travel time over 3 hours, can be reached by 2 popular means of transport.

TL

3

Distance over 200km or under 500km, travel time is about 5 hours, can be reached by 1-2 popular means of transport.

TĐTL

2

Distance over 300km, travel time about over 10 hours, can be reached by 1-2 popular means of transport.

ITL

1

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Assessment Criteria for the Favorability of Location Criteria and Accessibility for Developing Dlstdvcđ

- Time of tourism activities: It is also necessary to require the most suitable time of climate conditions for the health of tourists and the most suitable time for ecotourism activities. Time of tourism activities determines the regularity and seasonality of tourism activities. Time of tourism activities in the assessment area can be assessed according to 4 levels corresponding to the following favorable levels (Table 3.6):


Table 3.6. Criteria for assessing the level of convenience in terms of tourism operating time for community-based tourism development


Main indicators

(number of days available for tourism activities and number of days in the year with climate conditions suitable for human health . )


Rating level

Rating Points

There are over 200 days a year that can be used for tourism activities. There are over 180 days a year that have climate conditions suitable for human health.

RTL

4

There are over 150 - 200 days a year that can be used for tourism activities. There are over 120 - 180 days a year that have climate conditions suitable for human health.

TL

3

There are over 100 – 150 days a year that can be used for tourism activities. There are over 90 – 120 days a year that have climate conditions suitable for human health.

TĐTL

2

There are less than 100 days a year that can be used for tourism activities. There are less than 90 days a year that have climate conditions suitable for human health.

ITL

1

- Ability to combine with tourist spots and routes:

Organizing tourism territory is one of the most important tasks of the tourism industry. Therefore, a national park that can combine with other tourist spots and routes in the surrounding area is a driving force for tourism development. Being close to other attractive tourist spots in the region helps the national park to organize a package tour in which the national park is an important ecotourism spot. Assessment of accessibility to other tourist spots and routes can be divided into the following 4 levels (Table 3.7):


Table 3.7. Criteria for assessing the level of convenience in terms of the ability to combine with routes and tourist spots for developing community-based tourism

Main indicators

(close to other unique and attractive tourist destinations and can organize a number of other tourist routes and types of tourism)

Rating level

Rating Points

Nearly 5 other unique and attractive tourist destinations. Organized 5 tourist routes with many different types of tourism.

RTL

4

Near 3-5 other unique and attractive tourist destinations. Organize 3 tourist routes with many different types of tourism.

TL

3

Near 2-3 other unique and attractive tourist spots. Organize 2-3 tourist routes with many different types of tourism.

TĐTL

2

Not close to any tourist attractions or just close to another tourist attraction. Organize a tour route.

ITL

1

- Tourism infrastructure: includes road systems, electricity, water, means of communication, transportation, etc. Infrastructure is very important for tourism activities. If the above conditions are lacking, tourism implementation must be suspended or if implemented, negative impacts will threaten environmental sustainability (Table 3.8).

Table 3.8. Criteria for assessing the level of convenience of infrastructure criteria for developing community-based tourism

Main indicators

(level of synchronization of tourism infrastructure)

Rating level

Rating Points

Has synchronous infrastructure, full amenities, meeting international standards.

RTL

4

Has synchronous infrastructure, full amenities, meeting national standards.

TL

3

Have a infrastructure but it is not synchronized and not convenient enough.

TĐTL

2

There is still a lack of infrastructure, but the existing material conditions are only of low quality and temporary.

ITL

1


3.1.3. Conduct assessment

3.1.3.1. Assessment of DLSTDVCĐ resource conditions by sub-region

Based on the natural geographical characteristics and distribution of ethnic minorities in the Northeast region (section 2.3.2) and based on the weight of criteria on community-based tourism resources (appendix 7.1), it is possible to determine the potential for community-based tourism resources in the Northeast region according to sub-regions (appendix 10).

3.1.3.2. Assessment of the ability to exploit DLSTDVCĐ

a) For the criteria to assess the level of convenience in location and accessibility

Based on the current status of the tourism transportation system (section 2.1.1.1) and the actual survey of tourism in the Northeast region along the routes: Hanoi - Bac Giang - Lang Son route along National Highway 1 with the main attractions being relics and scenic spots in Lang Son (Chi Lang Pass, Nhat - Nhi - Tam Thanh cave, Mac Dynasty citadel, Tien pagoda, markets and border gates, festivals and craft villages...); Hanoi - Thai Nguyen - Bac Kan - Cao Bang route connected to National Highway 3 with eco-tourism and cultural attractions: Ba Be Lake, Pac Bo Cave, Ban Gioc Waterfall, Dinh Hoa ATK, Nui Coc Lake...; Hanoi - Tuyen Quang - Ha Giang route connected to National Highway 2 with the main attractions being Hung Temple, My Lam, Vuong's palace, Mong ethnic village, Khau Vai love market...; The Hanoi - Phu Tho - Yen Bai - Lao Cai route is connected to the Hanoi - Lao Cai railway and National Highway 70 with tourist destinations such as Sa Pa, Thac Ba Lake....; The Hanoi - Quang Ninh route follows National Highway 5, 18 and by sea to visit tourist destinations such as Ha Long, Tuan Chau, Yen Tu, Mong Cai, Van Don.... (Table 3.9) :

Table 3.9. Assessment of the level of location and accessibility for developing community-based tourism in the Northeast region

Main indicators

(distance, travel time and number of popular means of transport)


Subregions

Distance from 10 - 100km, travel time is no more than 3 hours, can be traveled by 2 - 3 popular means of transport.

Region IX and subregions VIa, VIb, VII,



VIIIb, VIc

Distance from 100 - 200km, travel time over 3 hours, can be reached by 2 popular means of transport.

Subregions Ib, IIIb, IVc, Vb and region X

Distance over 200km or under 500km, travel time is about 5 hours, can be reached by 1-2 popular means of transport.

Subregions Ia, VIIIa, IIa, IIb, Va, IVa, IVb, IIIA

Distance over 300km, travel time about over 10 hours, can be reached by 1-2 popular means of transport.

No regions/sub-regions

b) Regarding the criteria on tourism operation time: According to the assessment of the tourism development research institute for the Northern mountainous provinces to serve the tourism development planning until 2030: the Northeast region has only 3 months (June, July, August) with climate unsuitable for human health and tourism activities. The remaining months are very suitable and appropriate. At the same time, based on the bioclimatic characteristics of the Northeast region ( section 2.1.17) , the criteria on tourism operation time in the Northeast region are determined (table 3.10):

Table 3.10. Assessment of the convenience of tourism operating hours by sub-region of the Northeast


Main indicators

(number of days available for tourism activities and number of days in the year with climate conditions suitable for human health)


Regions and subregions

There are over 200 days a year that can be used for tourism activities. There are over 180 days a year that have suitable climate conditions.

suitable for human health

Va, Vb, VIa, VIc, Ivc

There are over 150 - 200 days in a year that can be used for tourism activities. There are over 120 - 180 days in a year with conditions.

climate conditions suitable for human health

Regions I, II, III, VII, VIII,

IX, X and subregions IVa, IVb, VIb

There are over 100 – 150 days a year where tourism activities can be carried out well. There are over 90 – 120 days a year where the weather conditions are favorable.

suitable for human health

No regions/sub-regions

There are less than 100 days a year that can be used for tourism activities. There are less than 90 days a year with favorable climatic conditions.

suitable for human health

No region/subregion


c) Regarding the ability to combine with tourist routes and destinations: based on the field survey process and the results shown on the map of tourist routes and destinations in the Northeast region, the ability to combine with tourist routes and destinations is assessed as follows (Table 3.11):

Table 3.11. Assessment of the level of convenience in terms of the ability to combine with routes and tourist destinations by sub-region of the Northeast


Main indicators

(close to other unique and attractive tourist destinations and able to organize a number of other tourist routes and types of tourism)


Region/subregion

Nearly 5 other unique and attractive tourist destinations. Organized 5 tourist routes with many different types of tourism.

VIa, VIc, IXa, Xb

Near 3-5 other unique and attractive tourist destinations. Organize 3 tourist routes with many different types of tourism.

Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IVa,

And,Xb.


Near 2-3 other unique and attractive tourist spots. Organize 2-3 tourist routes with many different types of tourism.

Regions III, VII, VIII and subregions IVb, IVc, Vb, Vc,

VIb, IXb, Xa

Not close to any tourist attractions or just close to another tourist attraction. Organize a tour route.

No regions/sub-regions

d) Regarding the level of convenience in infrastructure serving tourism: Based on the actual field survey and the current status of infrastructure serving tourism in the Northeast region (section 2.1.1). The criteria for assessing the level of convenience in infrastructure serving tourism in the Northeast region are shown as (Table 3.12):

Table 3.12. Assessment of the level of tourism infrastructure convenience by sub-region of the Northeast

Main indicators

(level of synchronization of tourism infrastructure)

Region/Sub-region

Has synchronous infrastructure, full amenities, meeting international standards.

Xb, Ia


Has synchronous infrastructure, full amenities, meeting national standards.

No regions/sub-regions



Have a infrastructure but it is not synchronized and not convenient enough.

Ib, Xb and regions II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX

There is still a lack of infrastructure, but the existing material conditions are only of low quality and temporary.

No regions/sub-regions


3.1.4. Evaluation results

The evaluation results according to the levels and average scores (applying formula CT1) of the criteria are as follows (Table 3.13):

Table 3.13. Summary of results of assessment of the level of favorable conditions for developing community-based tourism in the Northeast region of Vietnam



TT


Region/subregion

Criteria group on DLST resources

Criteria group on the ability to exploit DLSTDVCĐ


Average score


Rating level


Creature


Indigenous culture


Terrain


Climate

Location and accessibility


Tour operating hours

Ability to combine lines and points

DL


Infrastructure

tourism

(0.36)

(0.36)

(0.18)

(0.10)

(0.25)

(0.25)

(0.25)

(0.25)

1

Ia

4

4

4

2

2

3

3

4

3.40

RTL

2

Ib

3

4

4

2

3

3

3

2

3.09

RTL

3

IIa

4

4

4

3

2

3

3

2

3.20

RTL

4

IIb

3

3

3

2

2

3

3

2

2.70

TĐTL

5

IIIa

4

4

3

2

2

3

2

2

2.93

TL

6

IIIb

3

4

2

2

3

3

2

2

2.79

TL

7

IVa

3

2

2

3

2

3

3

2

2.48

TĐTL

8

IVb

4

4

4

3

2

3

2

2

3.07

RTL

9

IVc

3

4

2

4

3

3

2

2

2.89

TL


10

And

3

4

4

4

2

4

3

2

3.19

RTL

11

Vb

1

3

3

4

3

4

2

2

2.56

TĐTL

12

Vc

4

4

4

3

3

3

2

2

3.20

RTL

13

VIa

3

4

4

4

4

4

4

2

3.57

RTL

14

VIb

4

2

4

4

4

4

2

2

3.14

RTL

15

VIc

1

4

2

4

4

4

4

2

3.03

TL

16

VII

4

3

1

4

4

3

2

2

2.92

TL

17

VIIIa

1

3

1

3

2

3

2

2

2.08

ITL

18

VIIIb

3

3

1

3

4

3

2

2

2.69

TĐTL

19

IXa

1

4

3

3

4

3

4

2

2.94

TL

20

IXb

2

4

2

2

4

3

2

2

2.73

TĐTL

21

Distant

1

1

2

2

3

3

3

2

2.01

ITL

22

Xb

4

3

4

2

3

3

4

4

3.47

RTL

Applying (2.2.) we have:


2.08 ≤ X 1 2.41

Relatively favorable: 2.41 ≤ X 2 < 2.74

Less favorable: <

Favorable: 2.74 ≤ X 3 < 3.07

Very favorable: 3.07 ≤ X 4 < 3.4


The results of Table 3.9 show the level of favorable conditions for developing tourism in the Northeast region as follows (Figure 3.1):

1.Very favorable includes region I, and sub-regions IIa, IVb, Va, Vc, VIa, VIb, Xb. 2.Favourable: region III, region VII, sub-regions IVc, VIc, IXa.

3. Relatively favorable: Sub-regions IIb, IVa, Vb, VIIIb, IXb. 4. Less favorable: Sub-regions VIIIa, Xa.

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