ethnic groups in the process of cultural exchange in the global era, and also clarify the changes in the families of Vietnamese immigrants. In terms of research content and methods, the overview of the literature shows that the family value orientation of immigrants has been interested and clarified from many different aspects, both in theory, such as the process of adaptation and assimilation of cultural values, and in daily behaviors such as corporal punishment, son preference, value conflicts between generations in the family, etc.; however, the family value orientation expressed in their beliefs and behavioral tendencies seems to have received less attention and clarification. On the other hand, many studies have used standardized questionnaires on value scales and conducted in-depth interviews to clarify issues that are not easy to survey on a large scale, such as pregnancy intentions, gender stereotypes, coping strategies when being sexually abused, etc. However, there have been no studies using traditional value orientations as the basic content to compare immigrant and non-immigrant groups, and no studies in the world have conducted in-depth interviews with immigrants who have married foreigners to clarify the differences in cultural value orientations among them. Therefore, this study attempts to clarify issues that have not been clarified in order to make a meaningful contribution to the flow of research on cultural exchange and acculturation in the world and value orientations in general as well as family value orientations of immigrants and non-immigrants in particular.
Based on the practical survey, the thesis has demonstrated certain differences in the value orientation of the two groups of subjects from the level of universal values to family values. The similarities and differences between the two groups clearly reflect the trend of preserving as well as changing and adapting the family cultural values of the Vietnamese people in the process of interaction with the cultural values of humanity. On the one hand, it is the process of affirming and preserving the cultural values of the Vietnamese people; on the other hand, there is also the process of absorbing new values, changing old values according to the general trend of humanity.
In the parent-child relationship, besides affirming traditional values such as affirming the sacrifice of parents in caring for their children, the protection of fathers
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Immigrant mothers when their children may be bullied, fall into a weak position in the immigrant environment is an affirmation and respect for the child's independence. "Fish that does not eat salt will rot, children who resist their parents will be ruined in a hundred ways" seems to be less emphasized in the immigrant group than in the non-immigrant group. Besides, there are old beliefs such as the preference for sons, although on the general level still affirms equality, the value of children does not depend on their gender, but there is still an implicit desire to have a child to continue the family line.
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In the relationship between husband and wife, harmony between husband and wife, loyalty and humanity are still sustainable values in the two groups of subjects. In addition, in the process of living and working abroad, the group of subjects who are immigrants must have a certain flexibility such as living with people other than their spouses to work and support each other in conditions of cultural and linguistic differences, harsh weather and hard work. This research result partly shows the flexibility and sustainability of important family values of Vietnamese people in general.
It can be said that the process of preserving and changing family values of the two target groups is also the process of cultural adaptation and acculturation. This is an inevitable process whether both groups are aware of it or not. In addition, through the analysis of factors affecting the family value orientation of the two target groups, it can be seen that family value orientation in particular and value orientation in general are influenced by many aspects and dimensions. It would be extreme and incomplete if we only look at the impact of one aspect on the family value orientation of the two groups. On the other hand, the cultural value orientation of a nation as a cultural identity always has sustainability and flexibility to exist and contribute to the general picture of universal cultural values of humanity. The immigration process causes changes in the family value orientation of immigrants, beliefs, and behavioral trends that gradually change, but it is not overnight that they no longer carry the cultural characteristics of Vietnamese people. The results of this thesis once again demonstrate the sustainability and flexibility of Vietnamese culture in the process of expanding the living area.
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life of Vietnamese people in the world. If in the historical dimension, Vietnamese culture has shown its longevity, then in the breadth of contemporary space, those values still have vitality and deeply influence the beliefs and behaviors of Vietnamese people regardless of which culture they live in.
3. Recommendations
- For the State: Our Party and State always consider the Vietnamese community abroad as an inseparable part of the Vietnamese nation. In fact, the research process on family value orientation of the thesis has shown that the traditional cultural values of the nation are always affirmed and preserved by Vietnamese immigrants in their living conditions. Besides, they also encounter certain difficulties such as teaching their children Vietnamese, difficulties with residence papers... Therefore, our State needs to have policies to support and encourage the development of Vietnamese language schools for children of Vietnamese people living abroad. Besides, the paperwork related to residence also needs to create conditions for people to feel secure to do business abroad. Schools facing psychological difficulties, integrating into the host society, being bullied... Vietnamese diplomatic agencies abroad need to have timely measures and voices to protect their citizens.
- For immigrant families: The process of living, working and settling abroad for a long time will gradually change family relationships and Vietnamese family cultural values, assimilating new cultural values. Therefore, in the family, there needs to be flexibility, adjusting relationships, avoiding cultural conflicts between generations. On the one hand, parents accept their children's independence, but on the other hand, they always teach their children to maintain and develop good national values such as filial piety, respect for the elderly, and actively learning Vietnamese.
- For individual immigrants: Living away from family and hard work are some of the major and common difficulties of many Vietnamese immigrants abroad. For those who do not have residence papers, the difficulties are much greater. Therefore, in addition to trying to do business and save money to support the family, it is also necessary to anticipate the difficulties, hardships, and possible risks.
in the process of working and living away from family. This is a mental and cultural readiness to avoid being "shocked" in the process of adapting to new environmental and cultural conditions.
4. Limitations of the thesis and future research directions
- Limitations: The thesis was conducted in a short period of time, with a small number of research subjects due to the limited conditions of the learning and research process. Therefore, it is inevitable that there will be limitations in the representativeness of the research sample both in Vietnam and Vietnamese people abroad.
On the other hand, the orientation of Vietnamese family values is a broad research area, covering the breadth of expressive content and the depth of cultural aspects. Selecting some research contents that the thesis has presented above will inevitably have certain shortcomings.
-Some future research directions:
Firstly, during the research process, the author of the thesis realized the limitations in the scope of his research on the research sample both domestically and internationally. Therefore, a study with a representative sample of a wider sample, not only limited to Poland, will contribute to clarifying the family value orientation of Vietnamese people in general.
Second, the process of adapting and acculturation of cultural values is diverse, vivid and manifests in many aspects of life. Therefore, in addition to studying the specific manifestations of family value orientation, focusing on the adaptation and acculturation of cultural values is a very large area that needs to be deeply clarified.
Third, the results of the research process in this thesis show that there are many changes in family value orientation such as equality in marital relationships, preference for sons, etc. Therefore, clarifying the impact of immigration on this process as well as the impact of accepting gender equality values on the behavior and beliefs of the research subjects is a research area that needs to be clarified further.
It can be said that family value orientation in particular and cultural value orientation in general are areas that need to be further clarified from a cross-cultural perspective. In fact, the development of society, the country and the world is posing many common problems in integration and development, in dealing with natural disasters, epidemics and even value conflicts and cultural conflicts. Therefore, this study is only the first steps in the process of researching cross-cultural psychology and further studies are needed to further clarify and position national cultural identity in global culture.
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