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Environmental impact assessment of Thanh Minh industrial cluster infrastructure investment project, Phu Tho town, Phu Tho Province - 2

Table 4.23. Characteristics of sources of air pollution 63

Table 4.24. Pollution coefficient table for some construction material production industries 64

Table 4.25. Pollution coefficient of some industries 65

Table 4.26. Pollution load from types of industries planned for investment.. 65 Table 4.27. Pollution coefficient due to emissions from industrial parks in the Northern Key Economic Region 66

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Table 4.28. Load of pollutants in exhaust gas from CNN Thanh Minh. 67 Table 4.29. Odor-causing compounds containing S produced from anaerobic digestion of wastewater 68

Table 4.30. Table summarizing load from air pollution sources in cluster 70

Environmental impact assessment of Thanh Minh industrial cluster infrastructure investment project, Phu Tho town, Phu Tho Province - 2

Table 4.31. Load and concentration of main pollutants in domestic wastewater during project operation period 72

Table 4.32. Flow coefficient according to surface characteristics 73

Table 4.33. Typical solid waste composition of Thanh Minh 75 Industrial Complex

Table 4.34. Noise level of vehicles, machinery and equipment during operation of industrial cluster 78

Table 4.35. Impact of noise in frequency bands 80

Table 4.36. Impact of noise in frequency bands 81


INTRODUCTION


1. Ask a problem

Stemming from the current situation and the requirements for national development in the new era, our Party's economic policy is determined to be: Promoting industrialization, modernization, and building an independent and self-reliant economy. , turning our country into an industrial country. Prioritize the development of appropriate production forces according to socialist orientation, highly promote internal resources, at the same time take advantage of external resources and proactively integrate into the international economy for rapid and effective development. and sustainable, economic growth goes hand in hand with cultural development, gradually improving the material and spiritual life of the people, realizing social progress and justice, protecting and improving the environment; Combine socio-economic development with strengthening national defense and security.

Choosing the correct locations to build industrial clusters, handicrafts, and craft villages is very important for the existence and sustainable development of industry and the general development of cities and markets. communes and towns in the immediate and long term.

Thanh Minh is one of the areas with early industrial and handicraft production development in Phu Tho town, but up to now it is still fragmented and spontaneous, located mixed with residential areas without infrastructure. Synchronous technical infrastructure causes environmental pollution and makes it difficult to manage land, not exploiting the full effectiveness of land. Therefore, before operating and constructing works, infrastructure, and facilities, there needs to be detailed studies and assessments of environmental impacts, effects on the natural, economic, and social environment. is necessary, in accordance with environmental protection laws. Therefore, I chose the topic " Environmental impact assessment of Thanh Minh industrial cluster infrastructure investment project, Phu Tho town, Phu Tho province " as my master's thesis topic.


2. Scientific and practical significance of the topic

- The study and assessment of the environmental impact of the Thanh Minh Industrial Cluster Infrastructure Investment Project, Phu Tho Town, Phu Tho Province will provide scientific arguments for the approval agency to consider. Select and decide on project construction options consistent with sustainable development goals.

- The thesis will present research on factors affecting the environment of a project, located in the socio-economic development plan of Phu Tho province. The thesis provides practical data for responsible people to consider when making project implementation decisions, choosing appropriate options to ensure environmental protection criteria, as well as controlling environmental impacts. risks may cause.

- The thesis provides information for project management boards and environmental management officers as a scientific basis to make general regulations on environmental management when the project comes into operation.


Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM


1.1. Environmental impact assessment

In 1969, a scientific committee on environmental issues ( The Scientific Committee on Problem of the Environment: SCOPE) of the United Nations was established with the aim of:

- Research advanced knowledge about the impact of humans and their activities on the environment, as well as the effects of the environment on people, their health and benefits. This requirement is both global in scale, national and regional in nature, both governmental and non-governmental.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) was first introduced in the United States within the framework of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, and was later applied to other countries. During the 1990s, due to the increasingly urgent need for environmental management, EIA became increasingly important. In Vietnam, EIA has only been applied since the National Environmental Protection Law was established and passed at the end of 1993. In the first phase, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment of Vietnam only regulated 23 types of projects. It is necessary to prepare an EIA report for approval, but currently the number of projects requiring an EIA report has increased greatly and almost all large-scale projects must do so.

Environmental impact assessment is the process of analyzing, evaluating and predicting the environmental impact of projects, socio-economic development plans and proposing appropriate solutions to protect the environment. EIA is not a procedure to prevent or limit development projects but is a study to make the preparation for project implementation more complete; to achieve immediate and future socio-economic development goals


harm long-term interests. Therefore, EIA is one of the tools contributing to sustainable development. Economically developed countries have applied EIA since the 70s. Currently, most countries in the world have made EIA an official requirement in approving development projects. The concept of EIA has been introduced into our country since 1985 and then our State has decided on EIA for important socio-economic development construction projects [8].

The Law on Environmental Protection (2005) was born along with the promulgation of a series of more specific and clearer regulations on EIA work in Vietnam. Accordingly, this Law introduces the concept of environmental impact assessment as follows: “Environmental impact assessment is the process of analyzing, evaluating and forecasting the environmental impact of projects and development planning. socio-economic development, of production and business establishments, economic, cultural, social, security, defense and other works, proposing appropriate solutions for environmental protection ”. In the 2014 Vietnam Environmental Protection Law, the concept of EIA has not changed compared to the old law. Lawmakers still maintain their opinion in the spirit of the 2005 Law on Environmental Protection on EIA stipulated in Clause 23, Article 3: "Environmental impact assessment is the analysis and prediction of environmental impacts of specific investment projects." to take measures to protect the environment when implementing that project.

EIA of development projects must always be an interdisciplinary research project, in which environmental experts must work closely with experts in the specific field of the project to learn about the project, Investigate and survey the current state of the environment, predict future developments and propose remedial measures.

The main goals to be achieved of the EIA process include:

- Systematically list the impacts on the natural and social environment of a project;


- Propose management and technology measures to prevent and minimize negative impacts on the environment;

- Determine an environmental management and monitoring program to evaluate the effectiveness of solutions to limit pollution and the impacts that occur in practice.

Thus, a quality EIA will meet the following basic goals:

- Timely provide reliable information about the project's environmental issues to the project owner and those with decision-making authority for that project;

- Ensure that environmental issues are fully and balancedly considered with the technical and economic factors of the project as a basis for considering and deciding on the project;

- Ensure that communities interested in the project or affected by the project have the opportunity to directly participate in the project design and approval process.

Therefore, EIA is considered an effective environmental management tool and also the most appropriate means for integrating environmental issues into project content. EIA brings benefits not only to the project owner, being an effective environmental management tool for management agencies, but also to the community interested in or affected by the project. The basic benefits of EIA include:

- EIA is a tool for thoroughly considering environmental issues on par with economic and social factors during the project construction and design process to ensure sustainable development;

- Is the basis for the project owner to choose an investment plan that includes location, scale, technology, raw materials, and products of the project in an appropriate way, achieving the most economic efficiency and feasibility, at the same time. Saving money and time for project owners;

- Proactively prevent and minimize the project's negative impacts on the environment in the most effective way;


- Provide accurate and reliable information about the project's environmental issues for competent authorities to consider and make project investment decisions in a transparent and highly sustainable manner;

- Avoid conflicts with the community during project implementation.

The cycle of an investment project includes 6 basic steps: Project formation and proposal; pre-feasibility study; feasibility study; detailed design; project implementation and the final step is monitoring and evaluating project effectiveness.

Starting from a scientific basis with the goal of integrating environmental considerations into project content to proactively take measures to prevent and minimize negative impacts of the project on the environment to ensure development goals. sustainable development, the EIA process has been very closely linked to the project implementation cycle right from the first step of identifying the project to be implemented and put into operation as shown in the figure below.


(Nguyen Thien Vinh Hien, 2014)

Figure 1.1. Project cycle


1.2. Some regulations and laws on carrying out environmental impact assessment

1.2.1. Legal basis

- Law on Environmental Protection No. 55/2014/QH13 dated June 23, 2014.

- Water Resources Law No. 17/2012/QH13 was passed by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, term XIII, 3rd session on June 21, 2012, effective on January 1, 2013.

- Law on Forest Protection and Development No. 29/2004/QD11 passed by the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on December 3, 2004, takes effect from April 1, 2005.

- Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated February 14, 2015 of the Government regulating environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plans .

- Decree No. 27/2013/ND-CP dated March 29, 2013 of the Government regulating conditions for organizations operating environmental monitoring services.

- Decree No. 80/2014/ND-CP dated August 6, 2014 of the Government on drainage and wastewater treatment.

- Decree No. 38/2015/ND-CP of the Government dated April 24, 2015 on waste and scrap management.

- Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated May 29, 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan.

- Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated June 30, 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste management.

- Circular 29/2011/TT-BTNMT dated August 1, 2011 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment regulating technical procedures for monitoring continental surface water environment.

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