On October 1, 1991, Lao Cai province was re-established. People working in Lao Cai sports in many places and sectors have brought the flame of enthusiasm to light the torch of Lao Cai sports. Regarding organization, in addition to sports management offices, sports centers and training centers have gradually been formed. At the district level, sports officers were reinforced for the activities of sports information and culture offices and centers. The mass sports movement has developed quite strongly, especially in the workers and civil servants sector.
Many ethnic sports have been developed from folk games such as spinning tops, throwing con, and playing swallows. Popular sports in the highlands such as crossbow shooting and flintlock shooting have been restored and expanded. Many sports clubs have been established and maintained. The quality of sports clubs has been improved, and the movement of practicing sports such as walking, badminton, football, etc. continues to be maintained among the people. The movement of practicing sports among workers, civil servants, laborers and armed forces has been promoted. Physical education and sports in schools have been emphasized. The rate of people participating in sports activities is increasing. In 1993, the whole province had about 16,000 people participating in regular sports.
After 3 years of merging with the Department of Culture and Information, on January 24, 1994, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 33/TTg on the establishment of provincial Departments of Physical Education and Sports. On April 23, 1994, the Central Party Secretariat issued Directive No. 36/CT-TW on physical education and sports in the new period. From the assessment of the current state of the sports movement, the Central Party Secretariat outlined 4 viewpoints of the Party in leading physical education and sports work and clearly affirmed: Developing physical education and sports is an important part of the policy of promoting the human factor. Physical education and sports work must contribute to improving health, physical strength, educating personality, ethics, healthy lifestyle, enriching the cultural and spiritual life of the people, improving labor productivity and the fighting strength of the armed forces. Building a national, scientific and popular sports foundation, preserving and promoting national identity and traditions while selectively absorbing modern achievements. Widely developing mass sports movements with the slogan "Healthy to build and protect the Fatherland", gradually building professional sports. The basic long-term goal of sports work is to form a developed and progressive sports foundation, contributing to improving health and physical strength, meeting the cultural and spiritual needs of the people and striving to achieve a worthy position in international sports activities and first of all in the Southeast Asian region.
Lao Cai Provincial Sports Center was established and officially put into operation on August 1, 1998. When it was first established, there were only 18 staff members. The staff was still small, not highly qualified, lacking in facilities, the equipment for competition and training of athletes was too poor and outdated, but the Board of Directors (Comrade Nguyen Van Thang and Comrade Pham Xuan) and all staff members were united to overcome difficulties, step by step consolidating and developing the unit steadily.
Since the Center was first established, there were few sports competitions, the quality was not high, and the young staff did not meet the requirements of the movement. But soon after, the Sports Center truly became a place to inspire and support the development of the mass sports movement in the province. Over the years, with each sports competition held, the team of referees became more and more solid, worthy of being the ones to hold the scales of justice. The organization of competitions has become increasingly scientific and accurate, contributing to the success of sports competitions. Every year, the Center proactively advises on organizing cultural, artistic, and sports activities, creating a joyful and exciting atmosphere among the people, practically celebrating the country's major holidays to serve local political tasks. On the occasion of early spring and the anniversary of major holidays, the Center has sent staff to communes, wards, towns, districts, and cities to help organize competitions. Traditional sports are organized such as: human chess, cockfighting, tug of war, stick pushing, volleyball, football; organizing friendly volleyball matches to celebrate the Liberation Day of the South on April 30 and International Labor Day on May 1; organizing city cross-country races to celebrate the National Day on September 2,... During the summer vacations, the Sports Center has coordinated with the Provincial Children's House, primary and secondary schools to organize sports talent classes such as chess, badminton, swimming,... attracting hundreds of teenagers and children to participate every summer. Participating in the classes, many children have shown their sports talent, been selected for the city team, trained, and become the core to participate in the provincial sports competitions. Along with promoting mass sports movements in each locality, at the beginning of each school year, the Center coordinates with schools in the province to promote the development of school sports to improve students' physical fitness, select many talented students to train to participate in provincial competitions, participate in Phu Dong Sports Festival, etc. The Center received the excellent emulation flag in 1999 from the Provincial People's Committee.
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The movement "All people exercise following the example of great Uncle Ho" is the most prominent movement in the movement "All people unite to build a cultural life".
(TDĐKXDĐSVH). Through sports competitions from the grassroots to the provincial level with all social classes from workers to civil servants, children to the elderly, from police to border guards, the army has demonstrated the extensive and bustling development of the movement.
In 1999, only 8.5% of the province's population practiced physical exercise, by 2000 it had reached 10%. The rate of sports households also increased from 2% to 3%. Schools all carried out physical education well in both formal and extracurricular activities. In 2000, 80% of schools maintained it, an increase of 10% compared to 1999. Military and police units also maintained physical training activities well. Compared to 1999, the rate of officers and soldiers meeting physical training standards (healthy soldiers) reached 95%, an increase of 10%. Border guards reached 95%, an increase of 9%, and the people's police reached 96% of healthy soldiers, an increase of 6%.
Socialization of sports activities has been continuously strengthened and developed. In addition to 3 Federations (badminton, table tennis, volleyball), in 1999, the whole province had 100/180 communes and wards planning land for sports activities, and 31 sports halls were built. In 2000, the whole province had 101 sports clubs (an increase of 25% compared to 1999).
In 2000, the province organized many mass sports competitions: 3 regional and national competitions, 13 traditional provincial competitions with 20 friendly competitions between provinces and regions, 92 district and town level competitions. Among them, there were 2 volleyball teams (men and women) achieving national A2 , 2 level I table tennis athletes, 4 gold medals, 8 silver medals, 4 bronze medals in regional competitions [5] .
2.1.4. Tourism activities
Resolution of the 9th Session, 8th National Assembly on August 12, 1991, merging the General Department of Tourism into the Ministry of Trade and Tourism. On October 26, 1992, the Government issued Decree No. 05/ND-CP establishing the General Department of Tourism as an agency under the Government. In parallel with stabilizing the State management apparatus at the Central level, the General Department of Tourism has studied the plan to perfect the State management system at the localities. The General Department of Tourism has submitted to the Government for the establishment of 10 Departments of Tourism in provinces and cities that are tourism centers (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hai Phong, Quang Ninh, Thua Thien Hue, etc.).
- Hue, Quang Nam - Da Nang, Khanh Hoa, Lam Dong, Ba Ria - Vung Tau and Can Tho). For provinces that have not yet decided to establish a Department of Tourism such as Lao Cai, the General Department and the Government Personnel Committee have issued instructions requesting the Chairman of the Provincial People's Committee to assign the Department of Trade and Tourism to perform the function of State management of tourism in the locality.
Since 1992, the tourism industry has had new favorable conditions, receiving attention from the Party, the State and the Government. All levels and sectors have recognized and evaluated the role, position and effectiveness of tourism in many aspects more clearly. Open foreign policy along with the process of perfecting legal documents governing domestic socio-economic activities has created a favorable and gradually stable legal environment for the tourism industry. The image of a renewed Vietnam, wanting to be friends with all countries, and the country's economic achievements have created conditions for the tourism industry to expand relations with many countries around the world. The Government's decision to establish the General Department of Tourism with the function of State management of tourism activities nationwide is a source of encouragement, motivation, creating a new momentum, enhancing the enthusiasm and responsibility of the staff of the entire industry for the cause of tourism development in the country in general, and Lao Cai province in particular.
Before the re-establishment, Lao Cai tourism was spontaneous, with almost no infrastructure. Since 1992, when the tourism industry was established, Lao Cai tourism began to develop, and hotel business activities began to develop. In 1992, the province had 2 guest houses with 50 rooms and 150 beds. In 1992, Lao Cai welcomed 8,000 tourists.
Implementing Decision 317 of the Government, since 1995, the Department of Trade and Tourism has organized the granting of temporary business registration to 15 establishments. By 1995, Lao Cai had 53 guest houses operating hotels with 525 rooms, 1,114 beds, of which 70% were closed rooms that could receive international guests, a 10-fold increase compared to 5 years ago. This number has relatively fully met the needs of tourists. However, during the peak tourist season from April to August, there is still a shortage of rooms. Most of the hotels are small, poorly equipped, and private individuals often combine with motels to do business. The number of hotels is concentrated in Sa Pa (70%) and Lao Cai town (20%). The state sector accounts for the majority (78%), but the number of establishments actually doing business is only 13% in the Trade and Tourism sector, the remaining 43% are managed by industries, unions, etc., both doing business and providing services. The state still subsidizes capital, facilities, and labor, which is not really equal in business.
During the period 1996 - 2000, Lao Cai tourism was still only identified as "attracting visitors and increasing revenue to the budget". To achieve this, the Provincial Party Committee also pointed out that it was necessary to invest in building Sa Pa tourist area and other relics, improve tourism management to be able to attract tourists to Lao Cai and thereby have
can contribute to the provincial budget.
Through the practical implementation of the Resolution of the 2nd Lao Cai Provincial Party Congress for the 1996-2000 term, the 12th Lao Cai Provincial Party Congress assessed: The tourism economy has made significant progress in terms of planning, investment in infrastructure construction, promotion and advertising, attention has been paid to training staff and improving service quality, and strengthening State management of tourism. The number of tourists increased by an average of 57% annually, revenue increased by 73% and budget contribution increased by 18% [39, p.17] .
2.2. Culture, Sports and Tourism in the period of integration and development (2001 - 2008)
Implementing the Resolution of the 9th Party Congress on the Strategy for the development of culture, arts, information, and sports (2001 - 2010), the Lao Cai Provincial Party Committee advocates: Promoting the movement "All people unite to build a cultural life" to eliminate backward customs, overcome superstition, and effectively prevent decadent and reactionary cultural products; Continuing to promote the collection, exploitation, and promotion of the identity and diversity of traditional cultures of Lao Cai ethnic groups into a resource for socio-economic development; Promoting the socialization of culture and information.
Many policies and measures to enhance innovation in leadership and management with creative and breakthrough nature to overcome difficulties and shortcomings, exploit the potentials and strengths of socio-economic development of the province have been implemented during this period, notably the concretization of socio-economic development tasks, security and defense into key work programs, projects, and thematic resolutions of the Party Committee during the terms. The most important of these are the Projects: "Exploiting, preserving and promoting the cultural identity of ethnic groups in Lao Cai (2001-2005)" of the Lao Cai Provincial People's Committee with the goal of preserving valuable tangible and intangible cultural heritages, promoting heritages to build heritages into resources for socio-economic development, and mobilizing each region and each ethnic group to have cultural products that become specialties. The Project “Developing culture, preserving the identity of ethnic groups in Lao Cai in the period of 2006-2010” of Lao Cai Provincial Party Committee includes a project to promote the movement “All people unite to build a cultural life” , focusing on reforming backward customs and practices, integrating into research and building models of grassroots cultural activities in tourist areas and areas with special difficulties. In addition, there is the Project “Developing physical training and sports in Lao Cai province in the period of 2006-2010” .
Implementing the policy of the Provincial Party Committee, the People's Council and the Provincial People's Committee have issued resolutions and specific regulations on implementing civilized lifestyles in weddings, funerals, religious activities and reward regimes in the movement "Building families".
culture, cultural villages and neighborhoods"; balance and allocate capital to implement projects on culture and sports.
2.2.1. Cultural activities
From 2001 to 2005, the organization of the Department of Culture - Information and Sports of Lao Cai province included the Department's leadership (Director and 2 Deputy Directors), 5 departments (Planning
- Finance, Cultural and Information Management, Sports and Physical Training, Organization - Administration, Inspection), 6 affiliated units (Cultural - Information Center, Sports and Physical Training Center, Provincial Ethnic Art Troupe, General Museum, General Library, Film Distribution and Screening Center).
In the movement "TDĐKXDĐSVH" , in 2004, the whole province built
72,447 cultural households, 634 cultural villages (residential groups); 636 cultural agencies and units, 1,410 advanced residential areas. In particular, there are 3 communes registered to strive for cultural communes: Viet Tien, Luong Son of Bao Yen district; Nam Cang of Sa Pa district; 83 cultural houses have been built in villages, of which 47 were contributed by the people themselves, affirming that the people's interest and awareness of the movement continues to be raised. The rate of households and villages meeting cultural standards increases every year. In 2005, 25% of villages and 45% of households in the region met cultural standards. Many villages and hamlets have established village covenants, 10% of villages and hamlets have built community cultural houses. Cultural activities bearing the ethnic identity of the highlands are being consolidated. 90% of communes have cultural post offices and all communes have telephones. The rate of households listening to Vietnam Television is 60%. The rate of households watching television is 40%. Although this rate is still low, given the conditions of remote areas, it is a great effort of the locality to serve the cultural and spiritual life of the people [57] .
Along with the construction of cultural institutions, the construction of art troupes has received attention and is increasingly developing. By December 2004, the whole province had built 167 art troupes, organizing 500 grassroots art performances on the occasion of major holidays. The implementation of regulations on civilized lifestyle in weddings, funerals and festivals has changed. Lao Cai city and Sa Pa district have built and promulgated regulations on civilized urban lifestyle, cultural lifestyle in villages and tourist hamlets. During festivals, security and order are ensured, gradually building a healthy cultural environment.
However, the movement still has shortcomings and limitations that need to be overcome, such as: The implementation of the movement in some places is still formal and perfunctory; many highland facilities have not yet
Conventions and village covenants have been established; weddings and funerals are still held lavishly; bad customs, especially early marriage, still exist, causing negative public opinion among the people. The implementation of the policy of socialization in building cultural institutions is still slow and not uniform; many localities still rely on the support of the State; many cultural houses do not operate effectively after being built; the recognition of cultural titles is still widespread and does not ensure quality, especially environmental sanitation in families and villages in the highlands; coordination between sectors in implementing the movement is not close and effectiveness is still low [58] .
Implementing the Inter-ministerial Coordination Plan No. 2723/CTCT dated April 12, 2001 between the Minister of Education and Training and the Minister of Culture and Information on implementing the campaign "Building cultural life in schools", the Department of Education and Training and the Department of Culture, Information and Sports of Lao Cai have developed and agreed to sign a program of coordination of activities "Building cultural life in schools for the period 2006-2010". The purpose of the program is to bring the Resolution of the 5th Central Committee (VIII term) into life, contributing to "Building and developing an advanced Vietnamese culture imbued with national identity"; Raising awareness of political ideology, revolutionary patriotism and lifestyle ethics for students in schools; Promote the organization of cultural, artistic, sports, information and propaganda activities, and enhance the enjoyment of culture and art for cadres, teachers, students and pupils in schools.
Implementing civilized lifestyle in weddings, funerals, festivals and religious activities at places of worship in Lao Cai province: Implementing Directive No. 27-CT/TW dated January 12, 1998 of the Party Central Committee, Resolution No. 12/2002/NQ-HDND, dated July 27, 2002, Lao Cai Provincial People's Committee issued Decision No. 305/2002/QD-UB promulgating Regulations on implementing civilized lifestyle in weddings, funerals, festivals and religious activities at places of worship in Lao Cai province. The Provincial People's Committee assigned the Department of Culture - Information and Sports as the standing agency to coordinate with departments, branches, sectors, the Fatherland Front Committee and provincial organizations to organize and guide grassroots organizations in implementation. Through many forms of propaganda through mass media and organizing competitions aimed at the grassroots level, many districts and cities have developed and issued projects, resolutions, decisions, and specific regulations on implementing civilized lifestyles suitable to the actual situation of the locality.
In communes, wards, towns, lowland rural areas and some highland villages, young couples when starting a family have to go to the commune People's Committee to register.
marriage according to the provisions of law. Complicated wedding ceremonies, superstitions, and the situation of dowry in the highlands with the nature of selling marriages have been gradually overcome. In rural areas, highlands, remote areas, the custom of high dowry has gradually decreased, each wedding is converted into money not exceeding 5 million VND, the time for eating and drinking has been reduced from 3 to 4 days to 1 day. In 2002, the whole province had 65.6% of couples getting married in accordance with the Law on Marriage and Family, by December 2008, over 82% of couples getting married in the lowlands and 75% of couples getting married in the highlands of ethnic minorities had complied with the Law on Marriage and Family [19] .
In lowland communes, wards and towns, funerals are solemnly and economically organized to ensure environmental hygiene, limiting the organization of lavish meals. Funeral bands operate at the prescribed time. The use of mourning clothes is in accordance with the traditional customs of each ethnic group, the time to keep the deceased at home and organize the funeral is not more than 48 hours. In case of death due to an infectious disease, it is not more than 12 hours and is carried out in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health. In case of sudden death, the cause is unknown, all are reported to the authorities and competent agencies for handling, autopsy, and settlement in accordance with the law. The funeral ensures traffic safety and public order. Many localities have planned cemeteries and carried out well the centralized burial, ensuring environmental hygiene according to regulations. The 3-day, 49-day, and 100-day ceremonies have gradually been organized compactly within the family. Bat Xat, Sa Pa, and Bao Thang districts have organized conferences of village elders, clan leaders, and prestigious people in the community to propagate the reform of customs and practices, which has achieved many results. The outdated rituals and funeral customs of descendants and relatives of ethnic minorities have been gradually eliminated, but still retain their national identity.
Traditional festivals in the province have been restored, maintained and developed. Every year, about 40 festivals are held in the province, especially in the early days of spring, such as: Say San Festival of the Mong people; Going to the fields festival of the Tay, Giay, Nung people; Forest worship festival of the Nung, Mong, Dao, Thu Lao, Bo Y people; Dry old old, reaping tu lu festival of the Ha Nhi people. In addition, there are a number of new festivals, combining folk with modernity associated with historical and cultural relics and scenic spots such as: Thuong Temple Festival, Festival on the clouds, Bac Ha tourism festival, Bac Ha temple festival, Bao Ha temple festival; "Towards the origin" tourism festival of the 3 provinces of Lao Cai - Phu Tho - Yen Bai, ... For folk festivals at the grassroots level, the organizing committee has developed a specific program that is reported to local authorities and relevant agencies in advance.