students under the guidance of physical education teachers or physical education instructors. In addition, there are mass sports activities outside of school hours including: Practice in clubs, representative teams of each sport, daily anti-fatigue exercises, as well as self-practice hours for students, self-practice movements to improve physical fitness. Extracurricular activities with the function of encouraging and attracting many people to practice their favorite sports, practice physical fitness to participate in cheering on the movement of practicing for tomorrow's career [20], [50], [59], [82], [84], [85], [86].
The internal physical education program, based on the framework program prescribed by the Ministry of Education and Training (compulsory part, optional part, distribution of credits and subjects, duration), schools are allowed to proactively choose teaching content suitable for the target audience and specific conditions of facilities and training capacity of the teaching staff. Students completing the training program are granted subject certificates, certificates are a prerequisite for students to be considered for graduation. To develop the sports training movement of students, it is necessary to develop plans to organize and motivate students to participate in training. In addition, the implementation of sports activities by the Ministry of Education and Training, student sports associations at all levels is also one of the exciting forms of extracurricular activities, strongly attracting students to participate, creating conditions for the development of sports clubs, considering it as an aspect of comprehensive education, helping students use their free time effectively and positively.
The Vietnamese term “Educational program” or “training program” in education has two different meanings, corresponding to two words in the English educational vocabulary. The common meaning used is a document that stipulates the purpose and specific goals set for a
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training sector, knowledge blocks and subjects, total duration and duration for each subject that the school organizes to teach to equip students with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes to study a certain field. This meaning is equivalent to the content of the English term "Curriculum". The second meaning is equivalent to the content of the English term "Program". That is "the content, organizational structure, functions, tasks and academic activities of a training unit being deployed to train a field of study at a certain level, often denoted by a field code" [29], [38], [48], [50], [51].
The educational program considered here is understood in the first sense. In the history of educational development, there are three common approaches to educational programs: the content approach, the goal approach and the development approach. With the concept of education as the process of imparting knowledge content, the content approach gives the definition: "The educational program is an outline of educational content through which teachers know what they need to teach and learners know what they need to learn". According to this approach, Program = Content. The goal approach, the concept of education is a tool to train products with pre-determined standards. Therefore, the educational program is an educational plan that reflects the educational goals that the school pursues, it indicates the content as well as the teaching and learning methods necessary to achieve the set goals [52].
According to this approach: Program = Content + Objectives + Methods. According to the concept: educational program is a process, and education is development, the development approach believes that: Educational program is a master plan for an educational activity (which can last a few hours, a day, a week or a few years). That master plan shows the entire content
educational content, specifies what can be expected of the learner after studying, it outlines the necessary process to implement educational content, it also indicates educational methods and ways to evaluate learning outcomes and all of that is arranged according to a strict timetable. Thus, depending on the different concepts of the approaches to have different concepts of educational programs [17], [19], [95], [102].
The above concepts of educational programs can be summarized as follows: "Educational program is a set of activities linked together to achieve the educational goals of the school".
The definition of educational program according to the 2005 Law on Education is as follows: “Educational program reflects educational goals; regulates standards of knowledge, skills, scope and structure of educational content, methods and forms of organizing educational activities, ways of evaluating educational results for subjects in each grade, each level of education or training level” (Article 6) [53].
Article 41 of the 2005 Law on Education also stipulates that “The university education program reflects the goals of university education; regulates standards of knowledge, skills, scope and structure of university education content, training methods and forms, ways of assessing training results for each subject, major, and training level of university education; ensures the requirements of interoperability with other education programs”. The viewpoint on the university education program according to the 2005 Law on Education is also clearly expressed in the regulations of different types of training [53].
Thus, the training program or curriculum not only reflects the training content but is a document or blueprint that represents the overall components of the training process, conditions, methods, and procedures for organizing and evaluating training activities to achieve training objectives.
1.3. Position, mission, and professional characteristics of Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism
1.3.1. Position and mission of Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism
Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism is capable of training and providing cadres in the fields of Culture, Sports and Tourism for Thanh Hoa province and the provinces of North Central and South Red River Delta, currently also opening connections and linkages nationwide; creating opportunities and a favorable learning environment for all subjects, meeting the requirements of industrialization, modernization of the country and international integration. As the only public university specializing in Culture, Sports and Tourism in Vietnam, Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism has the function of training cadres with knowledge in the fields of Culture, Sports and Tourism [31].
Following the general trend of the Education and Training sector over the past years, the school has innovated the form of organization, management, teaching and learning methods of subjects in general and the subject of Physical Education in particular and has achieved encouraging results. However, based on the practical conditions of the school in terms of facilities, human resources and some other objective conditions, the effectiveness of the hours of study for the subject of Physical Education as well as the general physical development of students, there are still many limitations in the acquisition of basic techniques.
To improve the general physical fitness level, contribute to improving the effectiveness of physical training in general and the effectiveness of learning Physical Education in particular, meeting the current training goals of the school, requiring students to have a relatively comprehensive understanding of the purpose and effects of Physical Education. Physical fitness is an indispensable condition for human health, especially for
Students are in the stage of development in all aspects of mind and strength, to solve the above problem, students must understand the effects of human physical strength on today's society. Up to now, Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism has organized learning according to the content and requirements of the Ministry of Education and Training. However, in recent years, the application of training content still has many shortcomings such as: Training content, lesson plans, training methods and means are not reasonable, so the effect of improving students' physical strength is still limited.
Teaching Physical Education and organizing sports activities at Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism is a pedagogical activity aimed at perfecting and developing the physical and personality of students, contributing to the task of "improving people's knowledge, training human resources, nurturing talents" to build a new generation of people, the owners of the future society, meeting the needs of economic development of the country. To achieve the above purpose, the Physical Education Department of the school has applied the content of Physical Education according to the regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training. However, due to many reasons, the Physical Education work for students of Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism still has many limitations... The school has not had appropriate solutions to effectively implement the goal of improving the physical strength of students.
1.3.2. Career characteristics of students at Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism in Physical Education.
Thanh Hoa University of Culture, Sports and Tourism has the task of training in many majors, many fields and different levels including intermediate level, college level, university level, meeting the current requirements of the country. Creating opportunities and favorable learning environment for all subjects, meeting the requirements of industrialization, modernization of the country and international integration. It is a special public school of the Culture, Sports and Tourism sector of Vietnam.
Nam trains in the fields of Culture, Sports and Tourism, is a prestigious and reliable research - development - science center. Following the general trend of the education and training sector, over the past years, the school has innovated the form of organization, management, teaching and learning methods of subjects in general and Civic Education in particular and has achieved encouraging results. However, based on the practical conditions of the school in terms of Civic Education subject content, facilities, human resources, and the specific nature of students' careers, it has somewhat affected the future of students. The three fields of Culture, Sports and Tourism have their own specific characteristics, such as the field of Arts with training majors such as Music Pedagogy, Vocal Music, Fine Arts Pedagogy, Theater, Painting, Graphics... If these training majors do not choose appropriate Civic Education subject content, it will affect the future of students. For example, if choosing volleyball, weightlifting... it will affect the hands of students when studying musical instruments, dancing... Therefore, when choosing the content of study for each major, it is necessary to choose the content that is suitable for the characteristics of the students, so that when studying Physical Education, students' general physical strength is still promoted. The field of Tourism has majors such as Tourism Culture, Hotel Management, Tourism and Travel Services Management... the above majors choose subjects that develop comprehensively, improving their professional capacity. For example, Sports Dance, Aerobic, these subjects give students confidence, dynamism and creativity, during the process of taking groups on tours, they can organize festivals, such as Sports Dance, Aerobic... for tourists. The Cultural field has the majors of Cultural Management, Information Science, Social Work... organizing teaching for students subjects such as Football, Badminton, Basketball... These subjects equip students with techniques, refereeing skills, and ways to organize and manage matches. Equip them with professional knowledge so that after graduation, they can organize and referee.
mass tournaments at all levels, such as commune, district, provincial levels, and individual organizations. Therefore, the official hours for physical education as well as general physical development for students are still limited, only meeting the basic technical acquisition requirements. In order to improve the general physical level, contributing to improving the effectiveness of physical training in general and the effectiveness of learning physical education in particular, meeting the current training goals of the school, it is necessary to have physical education content suitable for each major, so as not to affect the future career of students, through physical education as a means to support the training process of the school, while the general physical strength of students is still highly effective.
1.4. Basis for accessing the content of Physical Education subject.
1.4.1. Some basic concepts about the program.
The concept of training program is understood as an official document that stipulates the purpose, objectives, requirements, knowledge and skills content, overall structure of subjects, class and internship plans for each school year, ratio between subjects, between theory and practice, regulations on methods, means, facilities, certificates and graduation diplomas of educational and training institutions [65].
On the basis of the general education program (or framework program) prescribed by educational management agencies, educational institutions organize the development of detailed programs, also known as training programs. The training program (Curriculum) is a detailed design of the teaching process in a training course that specifically reflects the objectives, content, structure, order, organization, implementation, and assessment of teaching activities for the entire training course and for each subject, section, chapter, section, and lecture. The training program is developed by training institutions on the basis of the training program approved by competent authorities [17], [31], [34], [46].
Thus, the training program or curriculum not only reflects the training content but is a document or blueprint that represents the overall components of the training process, conditions, methods, organization processes, and evaluation of training activities to achieve training objectives. The framework program for each training sector for college and university levels includes the content structure of subjects, training duration, time allocation ratio between subjects, between theory and practice, and internship. Based on the framework program, colleges and universities determine their own training programs (Article 41 - Education Law 2005) [53].
The process of education and training innovation in our country has been posing new requirements on the content and training programs at all levels and training sectors in the national education system. Notice No. 242-TB/TW concluding the Politburo on continuing to implement Resolution 2 of the Central Committee (VIII Session) and the direction of education and training development until 2020 clearly stated: Programs and textbooks are slow to innovate and modernize; schools are not closely linked to social life and professional labor . The backwardness of training programs has many causes, of which the very basic cause is that research and application in developing training programs in recent years have not received due attention, the design of training programs at all levels is still heavy on experience, and there is a lack of a team of experts with skills and professionalism in this important field [5].
According to the Dictionary of Education - Encyclopedia Publishing House (2001), the concept of training program is understood as an official document that stipulates the purpose, objectives, requirements, knowledge and skills content, overall structure of subjects, class and practice plans for each school year, the ratio between subjects, between theory and practice, regulations on methods, means, facilities, certificates and graduation diplomas of educational and training institutions [90], [91], [92].
According to Wentling (1993), a training program is a comprehensive blueprint for a training activity (training course) that states