Solutions for managing and exploiting ecotourism in Vietnam's national parks towards sustainable development: Case study of Cuc Phuong National Park

There must be a preferential policy mechanism for employees working here, and at the same time there must be a reasonable talent recruitment policy.

- Promoting and introducing the potential of national parks to all types of visitors is very important and needs to be paid attention to. This field needs a specialized marketing department to carry out.

- The national park should invest in and expand the reception department right at the gate of the national park so that visitors can feel comfortable right from the moment they arrive.

- Have a monitoring mechanism and appropriate contract level for businesses renting the environment of the National Park for ecotourism business to effectively exploit resources and implement fair competition.

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- Decentralization of management and coordination between national parks and local authorities must have clear regulations to ensure unified and strict management.

Chapter 4 Conclusion

From the analysis of the current status of management and exploitation of ecotourism in Vietnam's national parks in general and Cuc Phuong National Park in particular in this chapter, combined with the theoretical basis presented in chapter 1, this chapter focuses on solving a number of issues related to solutions for management and exploitation of ecotourism in national parks towards sustainable development, specifically:

- Determine a new mission and vision for national parks, that is: National parks need to emphasize that in addition to the function of conserving ecosystems and biodiversity, the resources in national parks are a unique tourism resource, suitable for the current tourism development trend, which is ecotourism.

- Propose a model for State management of National Parks. At the national level, a Department of National Parks and Nature Reserves should be established with the function of State management of National Parks.

- The mechanism for sustainable resource management in national parks is the co-management mechanism. National parks coordinate with local authorities and functional agencies.

Establishment of the Commune and Village Level Natural Resource Management Council. The Natural Resource Management Council is responsible for managing, protecting and developing natural resources in the area; Developing mechanisms and policies for co-management activities; Organizing and implementing conservation activities; Organizing conservation support activities such as supporting socio-economic development in the commune; Actively coordinating with authorities at all levels, functional agencies, organizations, and coordinating with other commune councils in resource management activities.

- Proposing a model for sustainable development of ecotourism for national parks. The model for sustainable development of ecotourism is the close coordination between: National Park Management Board, local communities, tourism businesses and tourists.

- Propose a management organization model for national parks to ensure both conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity but also generate additional revenue for the activities of national parks. National parks should establish an ecotourism business unit with full legal status and operating under enterprise law.

- Proposing a sustainable management plan for the National Park is to estimate the demand curve of tourists' willingness to pay to determine appropriate entrance fees and manage the capacity of tourist attractions in the National Park.

CONCLUDE

In the process of researching solutions for management and exploitation of ecotourism in Vietnam's national parks and especially Cuc Phuong National Park, it is shown that Vietnam's national parks have very rich and diverse natural resources, which are very meaningful resources for developing ecotourism. National parks in Vietnam and Cuc Phuong National Park have many rare and valuable plant species, representing many climate types... and many valuable cultural and historical relics. With the advantages favored by nature, and beautiful natural landscapes, national parks and especially Cuc Phuong National Park have all the conditions to develop tourism.

The thesis has studied solutions for managing national parks in Vietnam and proposed solutions for effectively exploiting ecotourism resources for national parks. Within the limited scope of the thesis, I draw the following conclusions:

- Nowadays, tourism and ecotourism are typical tourism trends. Ecotourism is a type of tourism associated with nature and has a very close relationship with environmental protection and diverse ecosystems. The relationship between ecotourism development and conservation has both positive and negative aspects, but if there are strict management mechanisms and policies combined with reasonable exploitation plans, this is a great advantage to attract resources to serve biodiversity conservation.

- Vietnam's national parks have very rich resources for ecotourism development, however, in the exploitation process, they have not received due attention, leading to the contribution of these resources to development being small and not commensurate with the value of the resources.

- In recent years, tourists have tended to travel to natural areas more and more, and their awareness of environmental protection and forest ecosystem protection has been raised. Most tourists understand their responsibility towards nature and are willing to pay extra for each trip to national parks.

- National parks have had ecotourism activities, but during the operation process, they have not

synchronous, no clear plan, no specific planning, this leads to low business efficiency.

- The thesis focuses on presenting viewpoints on the management of national parks, management organization models from the central level to national parks. The model for managing national parks at the central level is that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development needs to organize the Department of National Parks and NRs to unify nationwide. For national parks, a professional ecotourism business department should be established, with legal status and operating under the law on enterprises to attract investment capital for ecotourism development as well as support for conservation.

- The thesis also clearly defines the new mission and vision for the National Parks: The mission and vision of the National Parks need to emphasize that in addition to the function of conserving ecosystems and biodiversity, the resources in the National Parks are a typical tourism resource, suitable for the current tourism development trend, which is ecotourism.

- In resource management in national parks, the thesis proposes management according to the Council mechanism. In national parks, there needs to be coordination between the national park management board, local authorities and local communities to establish a Forest Co-management Council. The main function of this Council is to organize forest protection management, promote forest protection work and raise people's awareness and responsibility towards the natural environment.

- The thesis also proposed a model for developing ecotourism in national parks in the direction of sustainable development to effectively manage and exploit the ecotourism potential in national parks. The parties involved in this model of sustainable ecotourism development include: National Park Management Board, tourism businesses, local communities and tourists. The solutions proposed for each party include goals and contents to be implemented.

Besides the achieved results, the thesis still has some shortcomings that have not been overcome within the research scope.

- The impacts of tourism development on the environment have not been fully quantified and analyzed,

- The planning of tourist areas and routes has not been mentioned.

Determining the capacity of tourist attractions is only a single calculation and has not been linked to a tourism program.

- The effectiveness of tourism management and exploitation models in national parks has not been evaluated.

To overcome these limitations, specific research projects are needed to assess the impact of each aspect. In planning tourist areas and routes, there must be a combination of forest management agencies, tourism agencies and experts... to have complete plans that ensure both the goals of preserving biodiversity and maximizing the exploitation of tourism resources.

LIST OF SCIENTIFIC WORKS OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE RESEARCH TOPIC

1. “ Estimating the demand curve of tourists' willingness to pay in determining the entrance ticket price to Cuc Phuong National Park ” - Journal of Development Economics , No. 17(II) 201 (pp. 17 - 24).

2. “ Proposing a management model for Vietnam's national parks to combine conservation and exploitation of ecotourism potential ” - Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development , No. 2, 201 (pp. 99 - 105).

3. “National parks and nature reserves – Dual resources for economic and environmental development” - Proceedings of the Scientific Conference of Technical Universities with Sustainable Socio-Economic Development of Quang Ninh Province , 41st Collection of Reports, 2012 (pp. 144 - 150).

4 “Building an ecotourism business strategy in National Parks in Vietnam” - Ecological Economics Magazine , No. 2, 2009 (pp.14 - 22)

5 “Using environmental valuation method in landscape value analysis in National Park to exploit ecotourism potential”

- Journal of Ecological Economics , No. 29, 2009 (pp. - 39).

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