Organization of the Management Apparatus of Traditional Village Economic Development

ancient village, ancient ethnic house (ancient tradition) serving tourism development.

- Establish a fund to support tourism development, a fund to preserve national and local relics and heritages, etc.

- Mobilize capital in the forms of BT, BOT, PPP to call on businesses, organizations, individuals and communities to create conditions for these entities to invest fully or partially in tourism development in general as well as in upgrading and embellishing tourism infrastructure, including village and hamlet economic zones in particular, in Lao Cai province. Investment capital should focus on:

+ Basically complete the traffic network connecting from urban centers, tourist centers of the province, district and city to commune centers, villages, tourist destinations, etc. to create conditions for tourism economic development.

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+ Prioritize resources for investment in renovating and embellishing cultural and religious infrastructures of ethnic minorities; renovating and restoring NƠTT works of ethnic minorities; and building new service works according to indigenous architecture.

+ Prioritize investment in building irrigation systems and canals in concentrated commodity production areas, providing water for daily life and industrial crop irrigation.

+ Develop a safe and smooth power transmission and postal and telecommunications network.

+ Invest more in health, education, and culture to improve the cultural and spiritual life of the people. Gradually bring the rural mountainous areas of the North and Lao Cai out of backwardness.

* Credit investment policy for production development: Increase state credit capital for development investment. Effectively implement Decision No. 02/2001/QD-TTg dated January 2, 2001 of the Prime Minister on investment support policy from the development support fund for projects on production, processing of export goods and projects on agricultural, forestry, handicraft production, etc.

- Through Farmers' Associations at all levels, expand forms of building loan groups from commercial banks and social policy banks to help farmers access capital.

better access and use this capital effectively, repay debt. It can be through other credit organizations such as Veterans Association, Women's Union, Youth Union, etc.

- Increase capital for the Policy Bank to serve the poor, create jobs, develop production, repair and upgrade housing, and borrow for consumption.

etc. Increase micro-credit for easy access to people.

Lao Cai Provincial People's Committee needs to have a plan to allocate and integrate national target programs such as the National Target Program for New Rural Development, Program 135 for building electricity, roads, schools and stations, Clean Water Program, Program 134 for building and supporting housing, etc. in the province to effectively manage and use capital sources from the state budget, from domestic and foreign sponsorship, etc. Focus on investing in rural areas with ethnic minorities, especially prioritizing investment in upgrading environmental sanitation infrastructure in the village tourism development area.

* Housing support policy: In addition to the support policies that have been and are being implemented in the area such as housing support for people with revolutionary contributions in Decision No. 22/2013/QD-TTg dated April 26, 2013 of the Prime Minister and housing support policy for poor households in Decision No. 33/2015/QD-TTg dated August 10, 2015 of the Prime Minister, etc., the State and authorities at all levels of Lao Cai province need to increase appropriate housing support for ethnic minorities in Lao Cai province. The level of support needs to be reasonable, first focusing on supporting households with real housing difficulties, then providing average support to other households to improve conditions in the direction of: The State supports main construction materials; Families and clans contribute other materials and labor; Commune and village authorities organize construction, etc.

Lao Cai Provincial People's Committee needs to have a plan to establish a provincial housing support fund and effectively use this fund, while mobilizing businesses and people to contribute to the fund to help ethnic minorities, remote areas improve their living conditions and environment, especially in traditional village areas with NƠTT works (stilt houses, wall houses, etc.) serving tourism development.

In addition, the provincial authorities at all levels need to have mechanisms and policies to attract investment and funding sources from domestic and foreign organizations and individuals to preserve and restore traditional economic structures and ancient architecture with cultural heritage in traditional villages so that tourism and services can soon become the province's key economic sectors as proposed in the Resolution of the 15th Lao Cai Provincial Party Congress.

3.3.5. Organization of the management apparatus of traditional village economic and cultural heritage

a) Organization of the state administrative management apparatus on economic and social development in Lao Cai province:

Decree

38/2010/ND-CP of the Government stipulates: The Government unifies the management and decentralization of urban space, architecture and landscape management. Urban authorities comprehensively manage space, architecture and landscape within the scope of

Diagram 3.1: Organizational chart of the state administrative apparatus for management of

KTCQ of Lao Cai province villages

administrative boundaries under its management.

The agency responsible for managing local planning and architecture is responsible for advising the government on space management, which is the regulation on urban landscape management. (Diagram 3.1). Accordingly, the management of rural landscape must comply with the above regulations. The Ministry of Construction is the agency in charge of advising the Government on general management of rural landscape in general and rural landscape (village) in particular. Because the diverse landscape components are managed by many other ministries and functional sectors, the ministries and sectors participating in coordination with the construction sector include: Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ministry of Transport;

Agriculture and Rural Development. The Department of Transport and Construction advises and assists the Lao Cai Provincial People's Committee in managing traditional village economic and political systems. At the same time, the Provincial People's Committee decentralizes the management of village economic and political systems to the district and commune People's Committees. The Economic - Infrastructure Department or the Urban Management Department assists and advises the district People's Committees, and the commune People's Committees are the Land Administration - Construction officers of the communes.

Management decentralization in the organizational structure of Lao Cai province:

* Provincial authorities: Responsible for issuing policies and mechanisms in accordance with legal regulations and local realities, supplementing documents regulating the management, conservation, preservation and development of traditional cultural values in Lao Cai, developing tourism, reducing poverty, and improving the lives of ethnic minorities in the province. Carrying out tasks and powers assigned, delegated and delegated by higher-level state agencies.

* District-level government: Plays a leading role in managing, building and providing specific development directions for ethnic minority villages in Lao Cai province.

Issue documents guiding implementation. Coordinate with commune authorities to issue regulations on management of urban planning according to planning projects and regulations on management of rural economic zones according to planning projects and in accordance with the conditions of the villages. Develop criteria, launch emulation to build cultural villages, friendly tourist villages, etc.

Disseminate and propagate documents regulating the management of urban planning, land, environment, local tourism development strategic orientations, and organize training for human resources management for communes and villages.

Conduct periodic monitoring during implementation, strictly handle violations according to authority regulations. Advise superior authorities on solutions to problems arising in the management of KTCQ in villages.

* Commune-level government: Is the agency that implements the State's policies on planning, construction, land, landscape, and environmental management in the commune.

local according to decentralization and authorization of superiors.

Regularly propagate and disseminate policies and laws on the fields of basic construction, land management, resources, environment, protection of relics and heritage; cultural values of national identity to organizations and individuals in the commune.

Monitor and supervise, inspect and handle violations of construction management regulations according to planning, regulations on management of KTCQ, relics, heritage (village conventions, communal conventions) according to decentralization and authority.

Coordinate with organizations and individuals related to relics and heritages of the KTCQ to develop a mechanism for tourism exploitation and determine the rights of the State, community, enterprises and individuals in exploiting the values of the KTCQ of villages for tourism development. Appoint members to participate in the Management Board of the KTCQ and tourism of the TBTT.

* Village and hamlet chief: Is the person who assists the commune chairman in state management activities in the fields in charge of the locality authorized by the commune-level People's Committee Chairman and prescribed by law. Including the fields of planning, construction, land, environment, landscape, etc. Supervising the activities of village residents, detecting and preventing violations, guiding and persuading people in the village to implement the guidelines, policies, laws of the State, of the locality, and self-management regulations of the village community.

In order to promote the role and prestige of village chiefs, village elders, and prestigious people in villages, it is necessary to perfect legal regulations on the scope of activities and responsibilities of village chiefs and village elders to enhance the initiative and self-management of ethnic minority communities in Lao Cai as well as the northern mountainous provinces with ethnic minorities.

The village head is the representative of the community and is under the management and direction of the People's Committee at the commune level. The village head is elected by the people and recognized by the Chairman of the People's Committee at the commune level. The village head has the following duties and powers:

- Guide, urge, organize propaganda and mobilize people according to the Resolution of the People's Council, decisions, plans, programs, etc. of the

Commune People's Committee and tasks authorized by Commune People's Committee;

- Coordinate with the village and hamlet Front working committee to chair village and hamlet meetings; organize the development of village and hamlet regulations and conventions and implement community regulations; coordinate with economic organizations, the Fatherland Front, unions and associations to guide people in economic development, improve their lives, maintain social order and safety, and build village and hamlet infrastructure; coordinate with the village and hamlet Front working committee to guide the activities of the reconciliation committee, security committee, production protection committee, and construction committee;

- The process of building village regulations or covenants and the responsibilities of the village chief. To have a charter or covenant that does not contain illegal provisions, ensures democracy, and promotes community strength. In principle, each locality has a different way of doing things, but it can be implemented according to the following steps:

Step one: The Party cell needs to have a resolution on building regulations or village covenants (village or hamlet Party cells).

Step two: The village chief disseminates the plan to develop regulations or village covenants and forms a Drafting Committee (or team) to develop the draft (the village chief is the person in charge of developing the draft) [43,98].

Step three: The drafting committee builds the charter.

Step four: The charter is approved by a joint conference including the Party cell, the village management board, and relevant components.

Step five: Get public opinion.

Next step: The drafting board makes revisions based on comments from the community and relevant agencies and units.

Step seven: Complete the regulations or village covenant and pass it through the joint conference of the Party cell and the village management board.

Step eight: The village chief signs and issues the regulations or village covenant.

Step nine: Disseminate and implement the regulations or village covenants to

community

- Detect and promptly report to the Commune People's Committee any violations of the law, infringements on citizens' interests and democratic freedoms; periodically report on work and self-criticize and review before village, hamlet and commune conferences every six months;

- Participate in training courses and receive allowances according to regulations.

The above diagram describes the organization of the State administrative apparatus for managing KTCQ as well as managing the Construction industry in general . Participating in the management activities of the State administrative apparatus are also political and social organizations, residential communities, and enterprises that make up the management apparatus in general and KTCQ management in particular, depending on the level and scope of exploiting community participation according to the Ordinance on implementing democratic regulations at the commune level. (Diagram 3.2).

Diagram 3.2: Organization of the management apparatus in the direction of socialization applied to Lao Cai province

Thus, the management apparatus can be organized according to 3 models:

(1). State management, in which state agencies are the sole entities carrying out management activities (in a centralized subsidized economy or currently in special fields, security - defense, confidentiality).

(2). State and enterprise management in which the State authorizes non-State enterprises to perform a number of public service activities, operating in accordance with the provisions of law and under the control of the State as the main and deciding entity.

(3). The State and the people jointly manage, in which, in addition to state-owned enterprises, the State, as the main management entity, decides to exploit community participation in areas and capabilities of the community.

according to the Grassroots Democracy Charter in the direction of "self-governing civil society".

b) Completing the organization of the management apparatus for village landscape architecture: According to the Master Plan for Tourism Development in Lao Cai province for the period 2015-2020, with a vision to 2030 [97], in addition to the current Provincial Tourism Development Steering Committee, the consulting agency recommends:

- Establishment: Provincial Department of Tourism (separated from the Department of Culture - Sports and Tourism) and district-level Tourism offices under the district People's Committee in key tourist districts such as Sa Pa town, Lao Cai city, Bac Ha, Bat Xat, etc. to improve tourism management capacity of the province and districts.

- Establishing the Management Board of relics and scenic spots in districts to effectively manage relics and scenic spots; establishing Management Boards of key tourist areas to carry out tourism investment promotion; establishing the Steering Committee for Tourism Development in Lao Cai province (a non-state organization) including stakeholders in tourism development to coordinate, exchange, advise on policies and implement local tourism development activities.

With the above proposal, the system of tourism management agencies in Lao Cai province will be an independent management system, from the province down to the district, with district-level agencies managing historical sites and landscapes, and management boards of key tourist areas, all aimed at improving tourism management capacity, making tourism a key economic sector of the province.

The researcher also found that the management of KTCQ (preservation, restoration, conservation and development) and the management of village tourism (exploitation of landscape relics of ethnic villages) both have the same target audience, which is KTCQ, so it is possible to integrate the two functions of management of KTCQ creation (construction management) and management of KTCQ exploitation for tourism (economic management) into one management unit in the direction of socialization. Developing the models of Cat Cat village tourism management board [42] and other localities in and outside the province, the researcher proposed a model of organizing the management apparatus of traditional village KTCQ in the direction of socialization in Lao Cai province as follows:

- The People's Committee of the province or district or commune level establishes a Management Board or Company.

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