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Number of Cattle in the Country and Main Regions in the Period 2014 - 2016

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Table 1.3. Number of Cows in the country and main regions in the period 2014 - 2016



TT

Year


Region

2014

2015

2016

Year 2015/

2014

Year 2016/

2015

Number

quantity (1000)

child)

Structure (%)

Number

quantity (1000)

child)

Structure (%)

Number

quantity (1000)

child)

Structure (%)

+/- (1000

child)

Structure (%)

+/- (1000

child)

Structure (%)

1

Red River Delta

492.8

9.41

496.6

9.25

493.1

8.97

3.80

100.77

-3.50

99.30

2

Northern Midlands and Mountains

909.1

17.36

943.1

17.57

958.1

17.43

34.00

103.74

15.00

101.59

3

North Central and Coastal

Central region

2,119.5

40.49

2,185.7

40.72

2,238.4

40.72

66.20

103.12

52.70

102.41

4

Central Highlands

673.7

12.87

685.6

12.77

717.7

13.05

11.90

101.77

32.10

104.68

5

Southeast

361.3

6.90

367.1

6.84

377.4

6.86

5.80

101.61

10.30

102.81

6

Mekong Delta

677.9

12.95

689.1

12.84

711.9

12.95

11.20

101.65

22.80

103.31


Nationwide

5,234.3

100

5,367.2

100

5,496.6

100

132.90


129.40


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Number of Cattle in the Country and Main Regions in the Period 2014 - 2016

(Source: Vietnam Statistical Yearbook, 2017)


In general, the growth rate of cattle herds in our country is not high although scientific and technical advances in breeds, feed, veterinary medicine, new breeding methods, etc. are gradually being widely applied in breeding and production. Compared to other countries in the region and in the world, the quality of cattle breeds in our country is still low. The cost of domestically produced beef is still high. Cattle breed management still has many shortcomings due to the lack of synchronization in the state management system of livestock breeds.

Production is not closely linked to processing, slaughtering, and processing is still outdated. The quality of breeding animals and care technology is not yet synchronized, so productivity and output of livestock farming are still low. The disease situation in livestock farming is still very complicated, leading to ineffective productivity.

Currently, in the total cattle herd in the country, the beef cattle herd is the main one (accounting for about 97%), the rest are dairy cows.

1.3. Overview of research works

Breed quality: The beef cattle breeds being raised in our country are mostly local yellow cattle breeds, accounting for nearly 80% of the total herd, the remaining 20% ​​are other cattle breeds. "Initial results of the program to improve the Vietnamese yellow cattle herd", Grass-fed cattle breeding journal - Vietnam Livestock Association.

* Local yellow cattle breeds include "Beat cattle farming techniques - experience - efficiency" , Agricultural Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh City (Dinh Van Cai (2007))

- Nghe An cow: dark yellow fur, with black stripes extending from the hump to the buttocks. Average size, mature cows weigh 200kg, bulls weigh 270 - 280kg, newborn calves weigh 14 -15kg, the meat yield of bulls is 53 - 55%, cows are 43%. This breed of cow has few diseases and can withstand heat well.

- Thanh Hoa cow: Bright yellow fur, light yellow belly and plastron, thin and smooth skin. Average size, mature cows weigh 200 - 250kg, bulls 300 - 350kg, newborn calves weigh 14 - 15kg, bull meat yield is 50 - 53%.


- Mong cows: Originating from the highlands between Vietnam and China, distributed mainly in the northern mountainous provinces such as Bac Kan and Ha Giang. The cows have three main coat colors: red, dark yellow and jet black. The bulls have large, prominent shoulder humps, long bodies and developed muscles. Mature bulls weigh from 450 - 550kg, cows from 220 - 250kg; the meat yield is 50 - 55%. This breed of cows is characterized by good growth and development in fresh, cool climates, in mountainous areas with an altitude of over 800m above sea level. (Results of a pilot study of a high-quality beef cattle interest group model linked to high-end consumption channels, supermarkets, restaurants and hotels, in Ha Thon commune, Ha Quang district, Cao Bang province, Superchain project summary report 6/2007-7/2008, (Dao The Anh, Hoang Xuan Truong et al. (2008).

* Some imported beef cattle breeds include: Hereford cattle (UK); Santa-Gertrudis cattle (USA); Charolais cattle and Limousin cattle (France). In addition, there are Red Sindhi cattle, Brahman Sahiwal cattle... The imported cattle breeds are mainly bulls, the purpose is to improve local cattle breeds in our country, however the level of crossbreeding is still low. According to data from the Central Livestock Breeding Technical Company, 70% of the total beef cattle herd in the country is raised in the midland and mountainous provinces, of which the crossbred beef cattle herd accounts for only 5 - 10%.

Currently, in Vietnam, there is only one unit that performs the function of raising, producing and transferring scientific and technical advances in cattle breeding, which is the Central Livestock Breeding Technology Company. The company has 5 member units including: Moncađà Frozen Semen Center (Ba Vi - Hanoi); Thanh Ninh Livestock Breeding and Livestock Development Enterprise (Bim Son - Thanh Hoa); Vinh Livestock Breeding and Livestock Development Center (Vinh City - Nghe An); Central Livestock Breeding and Livestock Development Enterprise (Nha Trang - Khanh Hoa); Southern Livestock Breeding and Livestock Development Enterprise (Go Vap District - Ho Chi Minh City).


Currently in our country there are some large-scale and effective beef cattle farming models such as:

- Beef cattle farming model in Ho Chi Minh City: With the above scale

1,000 hectares of grass, with a total herd of 3,350 cows, of which 910 are dairy cows and

2,440 are beef cattle including Sind crossbreds and imported beef cattle breeds from Australia such as Brahman, Droughtmaster and Charolais…

- Beef cattle farming model of Vietnam Rubber Corporation: Currently, the Rubber Corporation has 5,000 cows, of which over 3,000 are breeding cows with an investment capital of over 32 billion VND and a team of highly skilled engineers, veterinarians and technicians.

1.4. Experience of some localities in developing beef cattle farming

Experience of Bao Lam district, Cao Bang province

Bao Lam is a mountainous district with complex and difficult terrain but has advantages in livestock farming, especially buffalo and cows. To create conditions for local households to develop beef cattle herds, the Standing Committee of the District Party Committee has directed Party committees and authorities at all levels to plan development areas in conjunction with specific planning of pastures for livestock:

- Replicating local U cattle breed by artificial insemination and transferring breeding bulls.

- Encourage beef cattle farmers to fully exploit grazing areas, zone off and improve natural grasslands, process and preserve agricultural by-products to improve the digestion and disease resistance of livestock; proactively apply measures to control, prevent and combat the introduction of diseased livestock and poultry from outside into the locality...

- Along with developing beef cattle herds, Bao Lam district directed livestock households to grow many types of high-yield grasses as feed for cattle by assigning annual spring and summer crop plans to communes and towns. Since then, beef cattle farming in the district has had positive changes. The total beef cattle herd increased from 9,375 (in 2016) to 12,763 (in 2017), helping livestock households in the area increase their income and stabilize their lives.


- In addition, the Standing Committee of Bao Lam District Party Committee also directed localities to focus resources on fully exploiting natural conditions, climate, land, especially the potential strengths of livestock farming experience of Mong and Dao ethnic groups to increase the herd of beef cattle in households. Propose policies to convert some agricultural land areas with low economic efficiency to growing grass for livestock and pilot specialized areas for growing grass for livestock in Thai Son, Duc Hanh, Ly Bon communes... to replicate on a large scale. Focus on creating momentum to turn livestock farming into the main production sector of the locality, creating more jobs, increasing income, and stabilizing people's lives.

Experience of Meo Vac district, Ha Giang province

Meo Vac is a low mountainous district with large land and abundant food resources, which has advantages for developing livestock farming, including beef cattle. Up to now, the whole district has had 50 models of commercial cattle farming with a scale of 10 cows or more, in addition, there are hundreds of households raising 5 cows or more, the largest household raising 30 - 40 cows. After deducting costs, local cattle farmers earn a profit of about 1.5 - 2 million VND/cow/month, creating significant income for farmers. According to statistics up to 2017, the district had nearly 20.6 thousand cows.

Since 2015, Meo Vac district, Ha Giang province has started to build a model of "Converting some ineffective rice and color growing areas to grass growing for beef cattle" in Lung Pu commune with an area of ​​25 hectares with a budget support of 25 million VND. By 2017, the district will expand the grass growing model for beef cattle farming to other localities such as: Nam Ban; Lung Chinh; Pa Vi... with an area of ​​200 hectares.

Meo Vac district authorities have introduced a series of policies to support and encourage people to develop beef cattle farming, such as: Support of 10 million VND/household for poor and near-poor households that do not have buffaloes or cows to buy buffaloes or cows.


reproduction; interest rate support for people to borrow capital to develop production according to Resolution 209 of the Provincial People's Council; support for planting grass as food for cattle, developing livestock...

In particular, localities have realized that beef cattle farming development is a measure to shift the economic structure, thereby having policies to exploit cultural and historical factors of the highlanders, forming prestigious concentrated beef cattle farming addresses as stable raw material areas for factories; having appropriate calculations to reduce investment costs, creating competitive products...

Basically, the district has implemented a proactive policy on cattle breeds to supply to households raising beef cattle. Livestock is raised in a concentrated, farm, and industrial manner to achieve clear results in both quantity and scale. Initially, a number of disease-free facilities and centralized slaughterhouses are built to facilitate product consumption and ensure food hygiene and safety for consumers.

Experience of Tam Dao district, Vinh Phuc

The Tam Dao District beef cattle breeding project was implemented for 3 years, from 2015 to 2017. Accordingly, 2 advanced insemination training courses were conducted for 30 professional staff; 1 specialized vocational course for 10 commune-level dairy cattle breeding staff. 67 training courses on sun protection for cows were organized in 8/8 communes with nearly 6,000 farmers participating; 1 tour within the province; 2 trips outside the province. Supported the purchase of 15 new cows out of 300 cows as planned, but interest support has not been implemented because households do not have purchase/sale records, do not have procedures, quarantine papers, and bank loan records are not consistent with the purpose of buying cows.

Regarding agricultural insurance for beef cattle, 27 households participated; from November 2015 to November 2016, 20 cows died due to disease and received the full insurance amount (VND 24 million/cow). In December 2016, households continued to sign insurance contracts for 176/555 cows as planned; total insurance disbursement was VND 228,096,000.


The project supports the construction of 1,018/1,175 biogas tanks; 57/250 households use biological bedding to treat environmental pollution; 31/260 grass cutters; 364/1,282 doses of artificial insemination. In addition, it also supports artificial insemination tools: Nitrogen containers, semen guns, forceps, gloves, semen tubes; measuring tape for measuring cows; ear tag pens; ear number pliers; cow ear tags, with a total amount of up to hundreds of millions of VND.

In particular, the District Agricultural Extension Station, the standing agency of the Project, has strengthened training, coaching, and improved livestock knowledge for people in each village and commune, so that people can understand the project and artificial insemination.

Experience of Hanoi city

In order to promote livestock development and increase people's income, in 2012, the Hanoi People's Committee approved the project "Application of research results on crossbreeding BBB cattle on the basis of Sind crossbred beef cattle into F1 beef cattle in Hanoi". Up to now, after nearly 5 years of implementation, the project has initially achieved positive results.

The BBB high-quality beef cattle development project has been approved by the City People's Committee, divided into 2 phases, and has so far achieved positive results. In phase 1 (2012 to 2016), the project was implemented in 28 communes of 7 suburban districts including: Ba Vi, Dan Phuong, Phuc Tho, Soc Son, Gia Lam, Chuong My, Phu Xuyen and is currently being implemented in all suburban districts (phase 2).

As a result, the project has developed 40,000 base cows and more than 30,000 farming households have benefited from the project. Up to now, 118,000 doses of semen have been inseminated, of which 74,000 base cows have been examined for pregnancy. Pregnant cows all give birth normally, without the need for cesarean section. In particular, the herd of healthy F1 BBB calves has a birth weight of 28kg to 32kg, with some calves reaching 35kg.


Not only stopping at the city area, the Project has been recognized and introduced by the Vietnam Intellectual Property Office, popularized to other provinces and cities with the need to develop BBB beef cattle herds such as: Phu Tho, Vinh Phuc, Ha Tinh, Thai Nguyen, Hai Duong, Yen Bai, Dak Lak, Ho Chi Minh City... The cooperation in developing BBB beef cattle herds with the provinces has been invested by the city, this also shows the capital's interest in transferring technical advances of the capital's livestock industry to agriculture in provinces and cities across the country.

It can be said that Hanoi city is the first unit in the country to successfully crossbreed and develop the F1BBB cattle breed, bringing high economic efficiency to farmers, improving the quality and increasing the competitiveness of domestic beef products compared to imported products. The value of products produced by the F1 BBB cattle herd is estimated at about 900 billion VND (while the added value of other cattle breeds is only 400 billion VND).

According to the investment plan for the construction and development of the BBB beef cattle development project, the city will continue to direct units and enterprises to invest in importing high-yield and high-quality beef cattle breeds to improve beef cattle breeds and crossbreed them to create suitable lines and breeds that are adaptable to living conditions and have outstanding advantages in meat production and reproduction. Continue to build a system of agents to supply and consume straw semen products in the capital and provinces and cities nationwide.

1.5. Lessons learned for Pac Nam district, Bac Kan province

Cattle breeding plays a particularly important role in the development of agricultural economy. The development of local cattle breeding is the right direction for the local economic development strategy, in line with the State's policy. Although the number of cattle raised in the country in general and in Pac Nam district in particular is constantly increasing and there have been many studies on cattle breeding in the country, there has not been any study on the economic efficiency assessment of Mong cattle breeding. Therefore, the lessons learned for Pac Nam district, Bac Kan province on beef cattle breeding are:

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