Main Solutions To Solve Employment For Rural Workers In Our Country In The Coming Time

capital resources … to create jobs for workers in general and jobs for workers in particular. Therefore, the policy system must aim to create a flexible and effective combination between labor and those resources. According to that point of view, the State will create an environment and favorable conditions for workers to freely do business, create jobs for themselves and for others in accordance with the law, and maximize the human factor with the creativity of workers.

To create more jobs in rural areas, it is necessary to encourage the active participation of the majority of rural laborers, maximize the dynamism, autonomy, creativity and self-confidence of each household and each community based on available potentials. Solving rural employment in the coming years will still mainly rely on the dynamism and creativity of the rural household economy, combined with effective support and assistance from the State in creating an environment for production development, and job opportunities will be opened up. Over time, various types of enterprises (cooperatives, cooperative groups, private enterprises... in rural areas) will gradually be formed and developed, attracting more workers when the household economy itself has the need to expand and cooperate in production.

Second, the State supports and creates favorable conditions for workers to create jobs for themselves. According to this viewpoint, the State needs to do well the following tasks:

- Establishing legal frameworks for business activities in rural areas, especially legal frameworks for ensuring the safety of investment capital for production and business of those with capital, having policies to encourage and call for investment in rural areas, building economic policies to regulate the flow of rural labor reasonably, including the flow of labor moving from one rural area to another and to urban areas to find jobs, the level of labor attraction and the level of labor remuneration of enterprises are considered important indicators for project evaluation, evaluation

business efficiency and determine preferential treatment in all aspects for businesses.

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- Support small and medium-sized business owners in rural areas to create new jobs through targeted projects with specific targets, initial funding levels and techniques appropriate to the educational level of each rural community.

- The State directly invests capital in some particularly difficult localities, supports other economic sectors to invest capital to develop hard infrastructure (roads, communications...) to create opportunities for rural workers to invest capital in diversified production and business according to their capabilities, on that basis creating new jobs.

- Invest in developing training facilities for rural workers in existing and developing occupations in rural areas such as garment processing, mechanical crafts, social services, etc., including newly opened occupations and conversions in the agricultural, forestry and fishery production sector such as planting new trees and new livestock with high economic value. Reality shows that agricultural workers today mainly produce based on traditional experience. Therefore, they need to be trained in basic knowledge of agricultural production and business techniques. The State needs to train and guide workers to switch to non-agricultural occupations depending on the advantages and development opportunities of each region and each community.

Third, closely and synchronously combine economic and social policies to ensure that the job creation process takes place more and more effectively.

* Regarding economic policy : It is necessary to persevere and further promote the policy of developing a multi-sector economy aimed at solving employment. The State's incentives for enterprises must be based on the number of jobs created and the income that workers receive from that job, regardless of economic sector.

* Regarding social policies on population and employment : To reduce the pressure on employment due to the rapid increase in the number of workers each year, it is necessary to have a resolute policy on limiting births in rural areas and proactive policies on reallocating labor within and between rural areas, proactively grasping and adjusting labor flows and spontaneous migration to find jobs of workers in society. Through the exchange of information on labor and employment needs between places with surplus labor and places with shortage of labor. Minimize the movement of entire rural households to new places of residence for the purpose of finding jobs when job opportunities in new localities have not been created and exploited.

Fourth, find opportunities and support rural workers to access jobs abroad on the basis of building a strategy to export rural workers to do simple jobs that require low skills or short training periods. Find appropriate measures and mechanisms so that poor workers can go abroad to work, such as the State lending money for training, vocational training and initial costs... Although the current labor export capacity is not large, in the upcoming integration conditions, the issue of labor export will be expanded and therefore, it is necessary to prepare in advance for rural workers the necessary conditions.

Fifth, solving rural employment must be placed within the overall national strategy. Due to the characteristics of rural employment, rural areas themselves are less able to solve employment well, especially effective employment .

3.3. Main solutions to solve employment for rural workers in our country in the coming time

3.3.1. Strongly develop household economy (VAC) and farm economy in rural areas

Farmer household economy has been identified as autonomous economic units in agricultural, forestry and fishery production and has demonstrated its ability to develop not only in agricultural, forestry and fishery production and business but also in expanding

expanding to other areas of activity that everyone in the family can participate in. Therefore, the household economy has a great potential to solve on-site employment for everyone in and out of working age in rural areas. Currently, the household economy in rural areas has developed diverse occupations in addition to agricultural, forestry and fishery production, expanding its activities to agricultural, forestry and fishery processing, accounting for 17.3% of households with non-agricultural occupations; Small industry and handicrafts account for 32.5%. Construction, trade and services account for 49.8%, making rural economic activities more vibrant and the face of the countryside much changed. Although the scale is still small and the stability is not high, the household economy has made an important contribution to the Party and State's policy of encouraging self-employment.

However, to develop the household economy in the long term and expand its scale, improve the quality of products and services, it is necessary to have policies and measures to promote the development of the farm economy.

Implementing the Party and State's innovation policy on the basis of self-sufficient economy of farmer households, up to now, the whole country has about 114,000 farms. The birth of farm economy is a new development step of household economy associated with the goal of large-scale commodity production, contributing to promoting the transformation of agricultural and rural economic structure towards rapidly increasing the proportion of commodity production, creating concentrated production areas, creating a premise for agricultural processing industry, bringing industry and service sectors into rural areas. Accelerating the reforestation of barren hills, improving the ecological environment and forming large specialized areas. In particular, farm economy has made an important contribution to creating jobs for rural workers, effectively using idle labor (in addition to 300,000 family workers, farms also hire 100,000 regular workers and 30 million seasonal labor days/year), contributing to hunger eradication and poverty reduction in rural areas. Farm economy is also an important sector to attract and solve employment for surplus labor from the state-owned enterprise sector during restructuring.

To encourage the development of farm economy and truly play an important role in job creation, income increase, and poverty reduction, in the coming time, it is necessary to well solve the following tasks:

Firstly, there are appropriate policies to support the development of the household economy of commodity production according to the production characteristics of each region. These are policies on: land, tax, credit, science and technology and product consumption markets... Household economic development needs to focus on promoting the formation of types of commodity production organizations according to the economic models of farms, forestry farms and fishing farms, based on the advantages of each region and locality, specifically:

- In mountainous areas: with a total of about 2.3 million farming households but an area of nearly 10 million hectares. That is a great potential for developing large-scale crop and livestock farms.

- In coastal areas: in addition to the sea area of more than 2,000 km, there are also nearly

500,000 hectares of brackish and saltwater surface have the potential to develop aquaculture farms and fishing households. With the State's support for technical infrastructure in both aquaculture and fishing techniques, coastal workers (fishermen) will certainly create many new jobs with high incomes.

- In the plains: including the Red River Delta, the Mekong Delta, the old Delta of Zone 4 and the Central Coast, the Long Xuyen Quadrangle... with over 7 million rural households, of which about 6 million households are engaged in agriculture, they can develop a farm economy in industrial cultivation and livestock farming with small scale in area but large in product value and employ many workers directly involved in agricultural production and in preliminary processing, packaging and product consumption.

Second, persistently implement the policy of encouraging "whoever is good at what job should do that job" as in Resolution No.10 The Ministry of Industry and Trade has affirmed. On that basis, diversify economic activities of each household according to its internal potential, encourage household economy to use local hired labor or labor from other places to find jobs, through preferential regimes on renting premises, initial credit...

Third, gradually develop the agricultural, forestry and fishery household economy into small rural enterprises with legal status, equal to other economic forms. Households with sufficient economic potential will be guided to register their operations according to the Enterprise Law.

3.3.2. Developing small and medium enterprises in rural areas

Developing small and medium enterprises in rural areas is a long-term and effective solution to implement the policy of creating jobs for rural workers. Currently, the number of small and medium enterprises (private enterprises, cooperatives...) registered to operate is not much, only reaching 3% and 97% are still in the form of unregistered household economy, this leads to the development of household economy not being protected by law, so it is not qualified to fully exploit the potential of economic development and job creation in rural areas.

To rapidly develop and expand the number of small and medium enterprises in rural areas, it is necessary to:

Firstly, create maximum procedural convenience for businesses to easily register and establish.

Second, there should be support policies to encourage agricultural processing enterprises to set up production facilities in areas with abundant raw material sources. These facilities will, on the one hand, attract a large number of local human resources to participate in the production of raw materials for that processing facility, and on the other hand, it will also create job opportunities for local people to directly participate in the production and processing of these facilities.

Third, for non-agricultural production enterprises that have been registered and are operating, these enterprises are encouraged to establish their facilities in districts and communes that are mainly agricultural and have large populations. These enterprises will be the basis for solving the problem of idle agricultural labor and initiating the development of non-agricultural activities in rural areas.

Districts and communes need to re-plan their areas, identify agricultural land, residential areas, commercial and service markets, and industrial production development areas to attract businesses to relocate their production sites to the locality. Reasonable planning will create conditions for businesses to operate stably and not have to relocate once they have established a stable business.

Currently, the model of small and medium enterprises established in rural areas has attracted many workers to do export processing. These enterprises have exploited the strengths of rural labor, which is cheap and the rural people are very hard-working and diligent. However, there is also a limitation that the labor level of rural people is not high, the level of business organization and management is still weak, especially the limitation in accessing economic information, assessing the market and communicating with the local government apparatus to develop business. Therefore, it is necessary to have the support of the State in training, skills for them and support in finding export processing markets, to promote the initial capabilities of our country today, both accumulating capital and solving suitable jobs for rural workers. The State needs to have preferential policies and demonstrate better cooperation and support for enterprises that employ a lot of labor, have stable income and ensure the lives of employees.

Fourth, the State focuses on supporting the construction of infrastructure for planned areas in districts and communes for industrial, commercial and service development, first of all, the development of electricity, water and transportation.

Organize training and foster business management knowledge for current business owners, business households and those who want to open a business.

3.3.3. Developing forms of professional associations

In recent years, along with the shift to a multi-sector economy, association forms have increasingly developed and made significant contributions to creating jobs for rural workers such as Farmers' Association, Gardening Association, Animal Husbandry Association, Beekeeping Association... Association forms

This has created jobs for hundreds of thousands of workers, especially for poor households, those lacking and having surplus labor, with reasonable technical and technological levels, not much investment capital but high economic efficiency.

These associations are established on the principle of voluntariness among people with the same profession, operating under the mechanism of financial self-responsibility, self-financing, in the spirit of mutual love, mutual assistance in production development.

In order for these associations to operate smoothly and effectively and attract many participants, the State needs to have policies to encourage and support the development of this form of self-help economy. Research and perfect the regulations and charters of professional associations to suit the economic environment conditions like in our country today. In addition, it is possible to build centers for scientific and technical guidance and job introduction in each association.

3.3.4. Restoring and developing traditional and new occupations in rural areas

Traditional industries have existed for a long time and can be called a strength of our country such as goldsmithing, embroidery, silk weaving, wood carving, mother-of-pearl inlay, lacquer, agricultural and food processing... Traditional industries are currently solving jobs for a large number of workers. However, since the transition to a market economy, production facilities and craft villages have also encountered many difficulties, especially in product consumption, outdated technology, lack of capital... Therefore, the State needs to have some support policies to restore and develop traditional industries, and expand new industries such as:

Firstly, creating favorable conditions for production establishments in traditional craft villages such as preferential loans, tax exemptions and reductions, support in finding product consumption markets, creating conditions for leasing premises to form concentrated production craft villages...

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