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City Tour Tourism Potential in Hai Phong.

CHAPTER II: POTENTIAL AND CURRENT STATUS OF EXPLOITATION OF CITY TOURISM IN HAI PHONG CITY.

2.1 Some general information about Hai Phong:

2.1.1 Natural conditions:

Hai Phong is a city in the Northern Delta region, with a total area of ​​1,507.6 km2. Of which:

The North and Northeast borders Quang Ninh province. The Northwest borders Hai Duong province.

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The southwest borders Thai Binh province.

The East is the coastline running in the Northwest - Southeast direction from the east of Cat Hai island to the mouth of Thai Binh river.

City Tour Tourism Potential in Hai Phong.

Regarding climate: Hai Phong is influenced by the tropical monsoon climate, with four distinct seasons. The average annual rainfall is 1600 to 1800 mm. Because it is located close to the sea, Hai Phong is 1 degree Celsius warmer than Hanoi in winter and 1 degree Celsius cooler in summer. The average temperature during the year is 23-26 degrees Celsius.

Topography and geology: Hai Phong's terrain is very diverse, reflecting a long and complex historical geological structure. The North has the shape and geological structure of the midland with plains interspersed with hills. The South has low and fairly flat terrain, typical of a pure plain sloping towards the sea.

Mountains account for 15% of the area, distributed in more than half of the northern part of the city, forming two mountain ranges running continuously in the Northeast - Southwest direction.

The geological structure of Hai Phong consists of sandstone, shale, and limestone. Hai Phong has a dense river network with a density of 0.65 - 0.8 km/km2 and all are tributaries of the Thai Binh River flowing into the Gulf of Tonkin with 5 main estuaries.

Coast, sea, islands, these are unique natural features of Hai Phong, factors that regularly affect many phenomena occurring in nature and have important influences on many social activities.

Hai Phong Sea is a part of the Northwest of the Gulf of Tonkin with a coastline of more than 125km (including the coastline around the offshore islands). The coast, sea, and islands have created extremely unique natural scenery, creating potential and strength in the economic development of Hai Phong, especially in the field of tourism. Regarding biological resources: This is one of the most important resources of Hai Phong, especially marine life with nearly 1,000 species of shrimp and fish, dozens of types of seaweed with many types of high economic value such as shrimp, lobster, abalone, blood cockles, geoducks, pearls, sea crabs... Hai Phong also has more than 12 thousand hectares for both exploitation and brackish and saltwater aquaculture. In addition, Hai Phong also has mangrove forests and forests for timber, fruit trees... with an area of ​​17 thousand hectares. Cat Ba primeval forest has rich and diverse vegetation, many rare herbs such as lat hoa, kim giao, dinh..., the flora and fauna are also very diverse with 36 species of birds and 28 species of animals.

This has created the enchanting beauty of Cat Ba Island.

2.1.2 Socio-economic conditions:

In recent years, along with the development of the whole country, Hai Phong's economy has grown at a high rate. The outstanding feature of Hai Phong's economy is the maritime economy and seaports. As one of the largest seaports in Vietnam, Hai Phong port stretches over 12km, including bulk ports, container ports, and heavy cargo ports with a loading and unloading capacity of over 9 million tons/year.

Currently, in the economic structure of Hai Phong, industry and construction play a leading role, accounting for 40% of GDP with key industries such as metal production, shipbuilding and repair, electrical equipment production, etc. Industrial parks are springing up more and more, contributing significantly to affirming the position of industry in the Hai Phong economy. In addition to the strength of industry and construction, the number of historical relics, scenic spots and festivals have helped the tourism and service industries to develop, contributing more than 50% to the city's GDP.

Regarding socio-culture: Hai Phong's human resources are quite abundant, the population

As of 2008, the population was over 1.8 million, of which nearly 1 million were of working age. In recent years, Hai Phong's social life has had positive changes, with over 90% of the working age population having jobs. Electricity, telephone, and clean water systems have been brought to remote areas of the city. Hai Phong is one of the few localities with doctors working at the commune level, and district and county health centers have been invested in construction and upgrading, ensuring primary health care for the people. Education has also been maintained and developed stably by the city. In addition, Hai Phong also has a system of historical and cultural relics, many communal houses, pagodas, and temples, with bronze and stone relics in Nui Voi and Cai Beo, creating great tourism potential for Hai Phong, contributing significantly to the overall economic growth of the entire city.

2.2 Potential of City tour tourism in Hai Phong .

Hai Phong is one of the largest cities in Vietnam, 102 km east of Hanoi. The north borders Quang Ninh province, the west borders Hai Duong province, the southwest borders Thai Binh province, the east and southeast borders Bac Bo Gulf. And Hai Phong is not only known for its position as a city with a seaport over 100 years old, but also the birthplace and nurturing of many famous people, heroes, making the country famous. It can be said that Hai Phong - a land of talented people, is blessed by nature with high mountains, deep rivers, wide seas, rich and diverse vegetation... With the archaeological site of Cai Beo (Cat Ba) proving that this land was inhabited 6000 years ago. Hai Phong currently has 43 tourist attractions distributed throughout the city, including all types such as sea, islands, historical and cultural relics and scenic spots. With such advantages and potentials, Hai Phong can completely develop City tour tourism, making City tour a typical type of tourism of the city.

2.2.1 . Natural tourism resources .

When talking about Hai Phong, people immediately think of two famous places: Do Son and Cat Ba. Every year, these two tourist areas attract a large number of visitors from all over the world to visit and relax. Coming and going, the impression of these two tourist areas will never fade in the hearts of tourists, leaving behind their own warm and gentle memories of the coastal city.

2.2.1.1 Do Son tourist area :

Do Son town is 22km southeast of Hai Phong city center, located between the two estuaries of Lach Tray and Van Uc rivers. This is a peninsula with hills and forests stretching out to the sea for 5km.

Do Son is a small peninsula formed by the Dragon Mountain range stretching out to the sea with dozens of peaks from 25 to 130m high. This place has fine sand beaches, the coast is shaded by casuarina trees, mountains and pine hills. Do Son has quite complete infrastructure conditions, electricity and water: restaurants, hotels, roads, electricity and water... Previously, the French built Do Son into a resort for French officials and the Vietnamese elite. In 1950, Do Son airport was built. Do Son beach is divided into 3 areas, each area has a beach, hills, and quiet pine forests. In area II, there is a solid octagonal building of Bao Dai - the last king of the Nguyen Dynasty. Area III has a small architectural work that looks like a pagoda, so it is called Pagodon. In particular, at the end of the peninsula is a high hill on which is the Hotel de la Pionte, now the Van Hoa Hotel. This is the most beautiful architectural work in Do Son. The building has two pyramids like an ancient castle, the stone walls of the castle are built from the edge of the sea to the top of the hill creating a majestic and solid appearance.

On summer days, Do Son beach is very lively and bustling with tourists from all over the country as well as international visitors coming here to swim, relax, climb mountains, and admire the three beautiful seas.

2.2.1.2 Cat Ba tourist area:

Cat Ba is an archipelago of 366 large and small islands. The main island is Cat Ba.

about 100km2 wide, 30 nautical miles from Hai Phong port, connecting with Ha Long Bay, creating a complex of islands and caves on the sea that fascinates tourists. Cat Ba is an inseparable cluster of natural and ecological relics. Many archaeological sites from the Neolithic period, Ha Long cultural relics and traces of ancient Vietnamese people have been discovered here. Today, Cat Ba has become a national park, preserving within itself a primeval tropical forest ecosystem with many beautiful landscapes such as:

- Cat Co beach: you can play with the warm, clear blue sea water, looking out at the golden sand at the bottom of the sea. In the distance, there are several small islands and clean, quiet, poetic beaches such as: Cat Trai Gai, Duong Gianh, Hien Hoa... Next to Cat Co beach, there is also a road through the mountain with beautiful caves: Hang Luon, Khe Sau, Trung Trang cave, Gia Luan, Kim Cuong... the perfect, magnificent works of nature. Leaving the cave, remember to take some time to watch the sunset over Lan Ha Bay of Cat Ba. On the bright yellow background of the horizon and the dark purple of the sea, the undulating islands become colorful. The white seagulls hover, the circling of the sea eagles in the vast, majestic space is stunningly beautiful! Night falls, the whole Cat Ba fishing port suddenly lights up like shooting stars. Hundreds of small boats and four large floating houses hang lights all night to welcome guests. You can sit on a small boat, weaving through the starry sky, listening to the boatwoman passionately singing a folk song or enjoy raw fish salad, sour soup with red snapper and grilled geoduck with a little rice wine that the islanders painstakingly distilled from yellow sticky rice.

- Cat Ba National Park: The only park in Vietnam that has both forest and sea with rich resources, beautiful landscapes and many rare species of flora and fauna. The total area of ​​Cat Ba National Park planned and protected is 15,200 hectares, including 9,800 hectares of forest and 4,200 hectares of sea. The terrain of Cat Ba National Park is quite diverse, mainly limestone mountains with an average height of 150m, the highest is Cao Vong peak (322m above sea level).

sea). Besides, there are many small passes such as Da Lat Pass, Eo Bua Pass, Khoan Cao Pass... and many large streams such as Thuong Luong Stream, Treo Com Stream, Viet Hai Stream... Cat Ba Forest is a tropical forest with special soil types. Limestone mountain forests cover a large area, interspersed with natural forests (Kim Giao Forest - Trung Trang Cave). The flora here has 20 species of animals, 69 species of birds, 20 species of reptiles and 11 species of amphibians, especially the white-headed langur, an endemic animal of the park that often lives on steep cliffs along the coast and has a population of about 60 individuals. In addition, the garden also has many precious animals such as pig-tailed monkeys, red-faced monkeys, golden monkeys, mountain goats, deer, muntjacs, wild cats, red-bellied squirrels... Caves on Cat Ba Island are also very rich, each cave has a different beauty, typically Luon Cave, Trung Trang Cave, Gia Luan Cave, Thien Long Cave... Besides, marine animals in Cat Ba also have 160 species of fish, 116 species of zooplankton, 78 species of crustaceans, 168 species of mollusks, 165 species of coral, 73 species of seaweed... Among them are many precious species such as geoducks, grouper, 3-legged crab, Taiwanese squid...

Cat Ba today is still like a shy fairy in the middle of the ocean with a pristine appearance, full of charm with legends of many generations about the rich history and culture of this land.

Besides two natural tourist areas of national and international significance, Cat Ba archipelago and Do Son peninsula, Hai Phong also has natural tourist attractions of regional significance such as:

2.2.1.3 Elephant Mountain:

Voi Mountain - a land of great potential, less than 10km from the center of Hai Phong city as the crow flies. Voi Mountain in An Lao district emerges as a Ha Long on land with the shape of an elephant lying in the middle of a plain with tired birds. Voi Mountain, a charming land of An Lao district, of Hai Phong, has been chosen by people as a place to live since the time of the Hung Kings. Contributing to the creation of the famous Red River civilization. Voi Mountain is also a major archaeological site in the Northeast of the country, containing many historical imprints.

Stone Age, Bronze Age, a treasure trove of cultural history. Over thousands of years of history, the land and people have been closely linked in the struggle with nature and invaders. Preserving and protecting the inherent values ​​bestowed by nature and humans.

Since the 1960s, the historical site of Voi Mountain has been granted a certificate by the State and ranked as a national relic. Thereby proving the location and importance of a relic site. Coming to Voi Mountain, everyone can witness and admire the land rich in potential and inherent heritage. Here, thousands of years ago, people came here to gather, make a living, and build a life, and archaeologists have found rare and precious relics from the early Bronze Age, the Mac Dynasty...

That is why Elephant Mountain is associated with historical events of the nation such as the time when female general Le Chan led troops to fight the enemy, she chose Elephant Mountain as an important place to store military provisions and preserve life force. During the Mac Dynasty, Elephant Mountain was like a stronghold where our ancestors steadfastly protected national independence. During the resistance war against the French, the American army and people of An Lao, Hai Phong chose this place as a solid base, the rugged terrain associated with the resounding victories of the army, militia and guerrillas.

The historical and scenic site of Elephant Mountain also contains a system of majestic, mysterious, wild and famous caves deep inside the mountain such as Elephant Throat Cave, Gia Vi Cave, Thanh Uy Cave, Tien Chessboard, Tien Well, Nam Tao Cave, Bac Dau Cave, Chua Thuong Vam, Chua Hai Vam. Each cave is a masterpiece created by nature, associated with historical stories, full of legends and treasures of folk culture and spiritual culture such as the system of temples, communal houses and pagodas that have long been famous: Hang Temple, the temple of female general Le Chan, the ancient Chi Lai communal house and pagoda... where national heroes who have contributed to the people and the country are worshiped.

The majestic gray stone color and the wide range of hills and mountains of the Elephant Mountain relic complex have recently been and are being developed by the city.

An Lao district invests, restores, and renovates many infrastructure projects to serve the sightseeing, entertainment, and religious needs of all classes of people. Preserving and conserving the inherent values ​​of the relic site. Along with historical and cultural values, Voi Mountain is also famous for its products and dishes imbued with the flavor of the homeland: "Chi Lai tea, Tien Hoi sweet potatoes", mountain goat, cool and sweet lychee. What could be more interesting than enjoying culinary delights while listening to smooth and soulful folk songs such as Cheo, Ca Tru, Hat Dum, Hat Tuong... imbued with the soul of the homeland.

To preserve and promote the tradition of the Voi Mountain relic site, the People's Committee of An Lao district has chosen the full moon day of each month to hold a festival to welcome visitors from all over the country and local people to come and enjoy the spring.

2.2.1.4 Hon Dau Island:

Located about 1km from the mainland (Do Son town), Hon Dau is a small island, playing the role of the gateway to Hai Phong port. Hon Dau may be a local pronunciation of Hon Dau and has the Sino-Vietnamese name Dau Son. This island is like a marker for fishing boats to return. During the Ly - Tran dynasties, Hon Dau was one of the outposts of the Dai Viet army and people to fight against invaders.

People often tell each other that, in the past, during the movement of the continental shelf, a mountain range separated from the Do Son peninsula, gradually drifted out to sea and became Hon Dau island. People likened the shape of this small island to 9 dragons surrounding a pearl.

In 1884, the French colonialists built a lighthouse on the top of Hon Dau Island. In 1896, the lighthouse was completed with a structure made entirely of beautifully patterned stone blocks. The lighthouse is over a hundred years old with a lighthouse that shines 40km away and is known as the "Pearl Eye of the Fatherland". At the same time, this is also the first lighthouse in Vietnam. Due to the devastation of war, after many repairs, this lighthouse was almost completely rebuilt. The lighthouse is 67m high, reaching the top through 100 steps. The lighthouse keeper's rest house was built.

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