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Developing road tourism on the East-West economic corridor - 2


LIST OF TABLES


Number

board

Table name

Page

1.1.

Tourism product operation program

27

2.1.

Assessing the potential and advantages of tourism resources

70

2.2.

Tourist reviews of tourism resources on HLKTĐT

71

2.3.

Means of transport that tourists want to use to get to HLKTĐT

74

2.4.

Road traffic density of countries on the HLKTĐT route

74

2.5.

Tourist and business reviews of infrastructure

upper floor of the East-West Economic Corridor

75

2.6.

Reviews of tourists and travel businesses about the service

Travel services on HLKTĐT

80

2.7.

Tourist reviews on prices of tourist services on

HLKTĐT

81

2.8.

Statistics of visitors to HLKTĐT by means of transport

transfer

84

2.9.

Number of tourists visiting localities on the route

HLKTĐT

85

2.10.

Major tourist markets to HLKTĐT in recent years

87

3.1.

SWOT matrix for road tourism development on the route

HLKTĐT

114

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Developing road tourism on the East-West economic corridor - 2


LIST OF FIGURES


Number

image

Image name

Page

0.1.

Research framework

07

1.1.

Tourism cluster development model for global competition

34

1.2.

Value network model

36

1.3.

Routes of the Camino de Santiago

41

1.4.

Heritage Trails in Queensland

43

1.5.

Queensland Theme Trail Signage

44

1.6.

Map of cultural attractions on Hadrian's Wall

45

1.7.

Map of Destinations in Product Development Strategy

for Hadrian's Wall

46

1.8.

Road travel market segmentation based on length

trip

53

2.1.

East-West Economic Corridor Road Map

57

2.2.

Transport system connecting localities on the national highway

61

2.3.

Road traffic system on the HLKTĐT

73

2.4.

International tourist market share by continent

82

2.5.

Statistics of number of visitors to HLKTĐT countries 2010-2015

83

2.6.

Growth rate of tourist arrivals in HLKTĐT countries 2010-

2015

84

2.7.

Statistics on the openness of visa policy

93

2.8.

Map of land border gate pairs on the HLKTĐT

95

3.1.

Hotel booking channel forecast 2020

104

3.2.

Forecast of tourism growth rate in GDP

105

3.3.

Forecast of growth of Chinese tourist market

107

3.4.

Forecasting tourist spending at destination

108



Number

image

Image name

Page

3.5.

Forecasting changes in tourist source structure

109

3.6.

Model of relationships between subjects in tourism

121

3.7.

Road tourism development model on the national highway

125


INTRODUCTION


1. Urgency of the thesis topic

The East-West Economic Corridor is an initiative proposed and approved in October 1998 at the 8th Mekong Subregion (GMS) Ministerial Conference held in Manila (Philippines), officially opened on December 20, 2006 with the inauguration of Friendship Bridge 2 connecting Savanakhet (Laos) with Mukdahan (Thailand), to promote economic development and integration between four countries including Myanmar, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. Stretching from West to East connecting the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, including 2 provinces of Myanmar, 7 provinces of Thailand, 1 province of Laos and 3 provinces/cities of Vietnam, located on the Trans-Asian route connecting the large Chinese market with the entire ASEAN region, this is one of the underdeveloped areas in developing countries (except Thailand). Therefore, the East-West Economic Corridor attracts special attention from countries that want to exert geopolitical influence through aid, through international organizations (Asian Development Bank – ADB, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank – AIIB) and non-governmental organizations.

The East-West Economic Corridor (EWEC) has great significance in many aspects: Socio-economic, development cooperation, poverty reduction... because it allows the exploitation and supplementation of advantages and potentials between the four countries on the corridor in terms of resources, natural conditions, people and market expansion, especially the potential for marine tourism, eco-tourism, historical and cultural heritage... . The EWEC has contributed to narrowing the development gap and strengthening the connection between this region and other regions in ASEAN as well as with countries in the region and the world, while helping to support the development of the industrial and agricultural economy, tourism, helping to create jobs, increase income for people in border and rural areas. In particular, tourism can be considered one of the most important directions, a sustainable poverty reduction method, suitable to the potential and strengths of each locality on the route as well as the increasing needs of tourists.


Along with the explosion of the 4.0 revolution and digital technology, travel tastes and habits have also undergone fundamental changes. In the past, most tourists chose single-destination travel programs, meaning they only visited and traveled at a certain destination for many subjective reasons such as limitations in economic conditions, access to information or objective reasons such as the limitation of attractive tourist destinations; currently, tourists tend to choose travel programs with many destinations close together in a province, city, country or region because of the need to explore and learn deeply and widely about the people, culture and beauty of the locality. Stemming from this change in tourists' tastes and ability to access destination information, road tourism is becoming increasingly popular due to its ability to connect and travel to remote areas - where means of transport by sea, rail or air are not available or difficult to access. With such characteristics, road travel will be the most suitable means of travel on the East-West Economic Corridor route.

The East-West Economic Corridor has great potential for tourism development. This is a multi-ethnic region with diverse and rich cultures, many famous landscapes and historical relics that have been internationally recognized, and unique values ​​of marine ecological resources, forests, mountains, rivers and lakes. The formation of the East-West Economic Corridor has created a convenient road traffic axis, facilitating the promotion of trade, tourism, services and investment in the production of goods; but at the same time, it also creates challenges for localities along the route in building the outstanding features of each country and each locality, bringing a distinct identity and specificity to each destination. Tourism development is increasingly being proven to be the driving force of economic development, and accordingly, tourism development is gradually becoming one of the key economic sectors of most countries in the world. Therefore, how to exploit and build road tourism products suitable to the characteristics of the ETS, creating uniqueness, characteristics and attractiveness of each region, area and country on the route will create an effect to promote the growth of the tourism industry of member countries.

Besides, the development of cross-country road tourism requires


Synchronization of traffic infrastructure, service infrastructure, policies and mechanisms on entry and exit for people and vehicles, formation of common products, specialized products, identification of target markets, coordination of resources in advertising, promotion, application of information technology, online tourism (e-tourism) in introducing and promoting products; synchronization in destination management, environmental protection, sustainable tourism development associated with the community and environmental protection, building public-private partnership in destination tourism development... are extremely urgent issues raised for the research and development of road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor.

Finally, although the development of road tourism on the Mekong Delta is extremely urgent, there has not been any large-scale, comprehensive and complete scientific research to identify influencing factors, stakeholders, cooperation orientations as well as ways to develop road tourism. Some domestic and foreign studies have only stopped at analyzing the resource system, proposing solutions to form routes, studying tourist needs on the route or mentioning effective public-private cooperation in the larger area of ​​the Mekong Sub-region... This is the scientific urgency to conduct research on the topic.

2. Research objectives

2.1. Research objectives

2.1.1.General objectives

The research objective of the topic is to develop road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor , providing scientific and practical bases for stakeholders to cooperate in sustainable development of this form of tourism.

2.1.2.Specific objectives

Firstly, research to select a theoretical basis system suitable for the development of cross-national road tourism, to propose the concept of road tourism, cross-national road tourism products and their characteristics.

Second, analyze the factors affecting the development of road tourism.


cross-national and the relationships between these factors.

Third, research the potential, resource characteristics, and current status of road tourism development and exploitation on the East-West Economic Corridor as a premise for product design, market positioning, and implementation of promotional activities.

Fourth, research on tourism market development trends, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats when developing road tourism on the route, legal framework, and mechanisms for inter-national and inter-regional cooperation.

Fifth, provide orientations and solutions, including proposing solutions for developing road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor, along with recommendations to the Government, relevant agencies and localities on the route.

2.2. Research questions

With such goals, the research questions are:

1. Concept of road tourism and cross-national road tourism products, its characteristics? What theories are related to the development of cross-national road tourism? What experiences are drawn from the reality of developing some road tourism routes in the world?

2. What factors affect the development of road tourism? Characteristics and relationships between factors? What are the roles and relationships of factors in the model?

3. What are the basic potentials for developing road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor and the current status of infrastructure, service systems, products, promotion, destination management... in recent years?

4. What are the bases for promoting the development of road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor?

5. What are the directions, solutions and recommendations for the Government, functional agencies, State management agencies and the business community in developing road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor?

3. Research object and scope


3.1. Research subjects

The research object of the thesis is: Tourism development on the East-West Economic Corridor road route.

3.2. Scope of research

- Regarding spatial scope: Research on developing road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor route, including 2 provinces/cities in Myanmar (Mawlamyine, Myawaddy), 7 provinces of Thailand (Tak, Sukhonthai, Kalasin, Phitsanulok, Khon Khen, Yasothon, Mukdahan), 1 province in Laos (Savanakhet) and 3 provinces/cities in Vietnam (Quang Tri, Thua Thien - Hue, Da Nang), and expanding to provinces with coordinated resources such as Rang Gun, Vientiane, Chiang Mai, Quang Binh, Quang Nam...

- Regarding time scope: Research on current status and historical data on the route will be conducted in the period 2006-2018. From there, propose solutions to develop road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor route until 2025, with a vision to 2030.

4. Approach, research framework and research methods

4.1. Approach

The thesis uses a theoretical-practical approach to determine the content of road tourism development, thereby proposing solutions to develop road tourism on the East-West Economic Corridor. Specifically:

- Researching the theoretical basis system suitable for the development of cross-national road tourism, providing the concept of road tourism, cross-national road tourism products and its characteristics.

- Identify and analyze factors affecting the development of cross-country road tourism and the relationship between these factors.

- Based on the theoretical system of road tourism development, assess the current status of road tourism development on the East-West economic corridor, thereby creating a premise for product design, market positioning, implementation of promotional activities as well as proposing solutions for road tourism development on the East-West economic corridor.

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