MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
VINH UNIVERSITY
TRAN QUOC BAO
ECONOMY OF NAM DAN DISTRICT, NGHE AN PROVINCE UNDER THE NGUYEN DYNASTY IN THE PERIOD 1802 - 1884
DOCTORAL THESIS IN HISTORY
NGHE AN - 2021
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING
VINH UNIVERSITY
TRAN QUOC BAO
ECONOMY OF NAM DAN DISTRICT, NGHE AN PROVINCE UNDER THE NGUYEN DYNASTY IN THE PERIOD 1802 - 1884
Major: Vietnamese History Code: 9229013
DOCTORAL THESIS IN HISTORY
Scientific instructor:
1. Assoc.Prof.Dr. NGUYEN QUANG HONG
2. ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, DR. TRAN DUC CUONG
NGHE AN - 2021
COMMITMENT
I hereby declare that this is my own research work. The materials used in the Thesis are completely honest, ensuring objectivity, with clear origin. The conclusions of the Thesis have not been published in any other work.
Author of Thesis
Tran Quoc Bao
COMMITMENT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES
INDEX
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Reasons for choosing topic 1
2. Research object and scope 2
3. Research purpose and tasks 4
4. Sources of documents and research methods 4
5. Contribution of the thesis 7
6. Thesis layout 7
Chapter 1. OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH RELATED TO
THESIS TOPIC 8
1.1. Studies on Vietnam's economy in general 8
1.2. Studies on the economy of Nghe An and Nam Dan district 15
1.3. Research results inherited by the thesis 22
1.4. Problems to be solved in the thesis 23
Chapter 2. FACTORS AFFECTING THE ECONOMY OF NAM DAN DISTRICT 24
2.1. Formation process 24
2.2. Natural conditions 28
2.2.1. Geographical location 28
2.2.2. Terrain and land 28
2.2.3. Climate 31
2.2.4. Hills, rivers 33
2.2.5. Traffic routes 37
2.3. Historical context and economic situation in Nam Dan district before 1802 41
2.4. The policies and measures implemented by the Nguyen Dynasty affected
Nghe An economy, Nam Dan district period 1802 - 1884 43
2.4.1. For agriculture 43
2.4.2. For handicrafts and commerce 46
2.4.3. Some other policies 47
Chapter 2 Summary 51
Chapter 3. AGRICULTURE 52
3.1. Land ownership and use situation 52
3.1.1. Village communal land 57
3.1.2. Private land 63
3.2. Cultivation 71
3.2.1. Season and varieties, crops 71
3.2.2. Types of agricultural tools, equipment, and farming techniques 75
3.2.3. Water management and irrigation work 80
3.2.4. Gardening, farm 82
3.2.5. Productivity and taxes 86
3.3. Livestock and aquaculture 92
3.3.1. Livestock 92
3.3.2. Fisheries exploitation 93
Chapter 3 Summary 95
Chapter 4. HANDICRAFT AND COMMERCE 96
4.1. Handicraft 96
4.1.1. Overview of the handicraft situation 96
4.1.2. Some typical crafts 98
4.2. Commercial activities 108
Chapter 4 Summary 118
Chapter 5. EVALUATION AND COMMENTS 119
5.1. During the period 1802 - 1884, Nam Dan's economy developed in unfavorable natural and social conditions.
5.2. The land ownership situation in Nam Dan district during the period 1802 - 1884, reflecting the land ownership situation in Nghe An town/province in particular and the whole country in general.
water in general 123
5.3. Nam Dan agriculture clearly reflects the picture of the small-scale, self-sufficient agricultural economy.
outdated and backward self-sufficiency 129
5.4. Impact of Nam Dan economy in the period 1802 - 1884 on activities
culture, society 133
5.5. The restrictions that the Nguyen Dynasty implemented in the economic, political and socio-cultural fields were the underlying causes that pushed the farmers of Nam Dan village into a situation of crop failure, famine, displacement and even uprising.
uprising, against the court 141
Chapter 5 Summary 145
CONCLUSION 146
PUBLISHED WORKS OF RELATED AUTHORS
TO THESIS 151
REFERENCES 152
APPENDIX
TT
Abbreviation | Original meaning | |
1 | Cb | Editor in Chief |
2 | National CTQ | National politics |
3 | Social Sciences | Social science |
4 | Publisher | Publishing house |
5 | City | City |
6 | TTLTQG I | National Archives Center I |
7 | Tr | Page |
8 | Culture and Information | Information culture |
9 | 34623.4.11.0.0 | 34623 sample 4 sao 11 thuoc 0 tac 0 phan |
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Page Table 3.1. Land distribution in Nam Dan district (1802 - 1884) 55
Table 3.2. Distribution of public land in communes and villages 58
Table 3.3. Comparison of the prevalence of public fields 59
Table 3.4. Quality of public land 60
Table 3.5. Classification of private land 63
Table 3.6. Quality of private land 66
Table 3.7. Scale of private land ownership 68
Table 3.8. Average ownership and average plot 69
Table 3.9. Comparison of average ownership between Nam Dan district and some other districts
different in the Northern Delta and North Central regions 71
Table 3.10. Public and private land tax in region II during the Gia Long period 87
Table 3.11. Public and private land tax in region II during the Minh Mang period 88
Table 3.12. Public and private land tax in region IV under Tu Duc 88
Table 4.1. Some small-scale handicrafts in Nam Dan 97
Table 4.2. Some types of laterite mined at the Kien village quarry, Thanh Thuy
and some other quarries in Nam Dan 101
Table 4.3. Large-scale markets in Nam Dan in the 19th century 108
Table 5.1. Distribution of private land ownership 124
Table 5.2. Summary of land ownership situation of mandarins 127
LIST OF TABLES
Chart 3.1. Land structure of Nam Dan district (1802 - 1884) 56
Chart 3.2. Distribution of public land in some localities in the first half of the 19th century 57
Chart 3.3. Private land structure 64
Chart 3.4. Scale of land types in private ownership 65
Chart 5.1. Female ownership, sub-cultivation, and sub-cultivation in some localities during the Nguyen Dynasty (1802 - 1884) 125