Characteristics and cultural values of the Tay ethnic group in Dinh Hoa - Thai Nguyen. Current status and solutions

large. The average annual rainfall (in the 5 years 1995-1999) of Dinh Hoa is about 1,655mm.

In terms of hydrology, on Dinh Hoa land there are 3 main flow systems: Cho Chu River, Cong River (the part on Dinh Hoa land is the upstream). Du River (the part flowing on the district is the upstream). Providing water for the whole district, the corner

The vegetation of Dinh Hoa is very rich, containing many economic potentials, with valuable forest products such as ironwood, ironwood, lat, sen and bamboo, rattan, cane, etc. In particular, the land of the southern communes has many palm trees, leaves for roofing, stems for making blinds, stems for making rafters, very durable house beams. In the past, the animals of Dinh Hoa forest were very rich and diverse. However, today the forest has been rapidly reduced, forest resources are exhausted, valuable forest products are insignificant, rare animals such as tigers, leopards, bears are almost gone.

1.2.2. Socio-economic characteristics

Dinh Hoa is a land with great potential for economic and social development and has a strategic military position. It is also a place where many ethnic groups live. Up to now, Dinh Hoa has become a place of residence for the following ethnic groups: Tay, Nung, Kinh, Dao, Cao Lan - San Chi, Hoa, San Diu, Mong, Muong. These ethnic groups live close to each other, unite to protect and build their homeland Dinh Hoa.

The province's agricultural land area is 9,929 hectares, forestry land is 22,169 hectares, so one of the main strengths of the district is identified as agricultural - forestry production, hill and forest economy, farm economy. Hill and forest land in Dinh Hoa is very suitable for tea trees, which have been widely grown in Dinh Hoa with high productivity and output. If a suitable tea variety with high economic value can be found, this will certainly be an effective direction. With abundant raw materials for the wood processing industry and wood products, in addition to the available local labor force, Dinh Hoa is a suitable location to form and develop this industry.

Administrative units: Dinh Hoa district has 24 commune/ward level administrative units including 1 town and 23 communes including:

Bao Linh Commune

Binh Thanh Commune

Binh Yen Commune

Boc Nhieu Commune

Diem Mac Commune

Dinh Bien Commune

Dong Thinh Commune

Kim Phuong Commune

Kim Son Commune

Lam Vy Commune

Bao Cuong Commune

Linh Thong Commune

Phu Dinh Commune

Phu Tien Commune

Phuc Chu Commune

Phuong Tien Commune

Quy Ky Commune

Son Phu Commune

Tan Duong Commune

Tan Thinh Commune

Thanh Dinh Commune

Trung Hoi Commune

Trung Luong Commune

Maybe you are interested!

Cho Chu Town

1.2.3. Some tourist attractions in Dinh Hoa

Coming to Dinh Hoa is coming to the land of history. The historical relic site ATK Dinh Hoa during the anti-French period, where President Ho Chi Minh lived and worked, where comrade Truong Chinh lived and worked, where the Vietnam Liberation Army was founded, Cho Chu Prison... has been ranked at the national level, restored and embellished to annually welcome a large number of pilgrims to their roots. Some historical tourist attractions in the district:

*Mold waterfall

Khuon Tat Waterfall is a scenic spot of Thai Nguyen province. The waterfall is located in Tin Keo hamlet, Phu Dinh commune, Dinh Hoa district and 70 km from the center of Thai Nguyen city. Khuon Tac Waterfall belongs to the historical relic area of ATK Dinh Hoa, which is the center of the Viet Bac base and the headquarters of the long-term resistance led by President Ho Chi Minh during the Indochina War (1946-1954). Khuon Tat Waterfall was ranked as a national scenic spot in 2002. Khuon Tat Waterfall is located in the middle of a wild and quite quiet mountain forest, surrounded by many ancient trees. The waterfall consists of 7 floors, water from above falls down creating white foam, forming a stream below. According to the legend of the indigenous people, in the past, wild animals in the area

often come here to drink water, on days with blue sky, clear water, white clouds hovering over the mountain top, there are fairies from the sky coming down to the waterfall to bathe.

From the top of Deo Pass, you can look down at Khuon Tat Waterfall with seven floors that look like the steps of the stilt houses of the mountain people. The height from the top of the waterfall to the foot of the waterfall is over 20 m. The lowest floor is the most beautiful and is about 12 m high, 15 m wide, the remaining floors above are about 2 to 3 m high and the width gradually decreases towards the top of the waterfall. People can climb up the floors of the waterfall, each floor has cool shade from trees, below each floor, water falls down to form a bathtub. Khuon Tat Waterfall has a clear water source with many flat rocks.

At the foot of Khuon Tat waterfall, the water pours down into a natural bathtub, the deepest part is about 2 to 3m, gradually shallowing outwards to form a stream. Khuon Tat stream flows about 100m outside the waterfall, there are sandbanks, small pebbles and natural rocks in the middle of the flow such as: whale shape, turtle shape, swamp buffalo shape... On both sides of the stream are flat green grass fields, very convenient for camping, setting up tents to rest and play for large groups of tourists.

* ATK historical site

Dinh Hoa was chosen as the place to build the safety zone (ATK). It was the center of leadership of the 9-year resistance war against the French colonialists. President Ho Chi Minh, leaders of the Party, the State, agencies of the Central Party and the Government worked here from 1947 to 1954. It can be said that ATK (Safe Zone) was the place where the Capital headquarters of the resistance war against the French were located in the past. There are nearly 100 historical relics still located throughout the mountains and forests of Dinh Hoa, many of which have been ranked as national level conservation sites by the state. Some typical relics:

- ATK Dinh Hoa Museum Exhibition House: ATK Dinh Hoa Museum Exhibition House was built and inaugurated on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Uncle Ho's stay and work at ATK- Dinh Hoa (May 20, 1947 - May 20, 1997) and was honored to have the ribbon cut by Prime Minister Vo Van Kiet. The exhibition house's architecture is modeled after the stilt house architecture of the Tay-Nung people in the Viet Bac war zone.

- Khuon Tat relic : Including Khuon Tat hut, Khuon Tat tunnel and other familiar places with Uncle Ho in the years 1947-1954:

+ Khuon Tat hut: Located on Khuon Tat hill in Khuon Tat hamlet - Phu Dinh commune. This is where President Ho Chi Minh lived and worked during the resistance war against French colonialism. President Ho Chi Minh stayed here 3 times. During his stay here, he wrote many documents to strengthen the government, strengthen the rear, and encourage our army and people to fight. Here, Uncle Ho and the National Assembly held a ceremony to promote the rank of general to 10 senior officers of the Vietnam People's Army, comrade Vo Nguyen Giap was promoted to the rank of General.

+ Khuon Tat Tunnel: Not far from Khuon Tat Hut is a small, but relatively sturdy, airy and convenient tunnel. It is Khuon Tat Tunnel, a place to avoid bombs, bullets and enemy reconnaissance planes. On the small road leading to Khuon Tat Hut, visitors pass by a large piece of land at the foot of a shady banyan tree. It has a very familiar name "Khuon Tat Banyan Tree". Every day, Uncle Ho often comes here to exercise. The gentle, cool Khuon Tat stream with beautiful small rocks flows across the road leading to Uncle Ho's hut. It is at this stream that Uncle Ho often fishes, as well as comes here to bathe every day... On every road to Viet Bac, Uncle Ho's image is always present.

- Khau Ty relic: Khau Ty relic is located in Na Tra hamlet, Diem Mac commune, Dinh Hoa district, about 55km from the center of Thai Nguyen city. This is the first place where Uncle Ho set foot on ATK Dinh Hoa, Thai Nguyen on May 20, 1947 to direct the resistance war against the French colonialists. Uncle Ho stayed and worked here from May 20 to November 10, 1947. He chose this location because from here there is a trail to Son Duong, down to Dai Tu, up to Cho Don, to Phu Luong and many convenient, discreet shortcuts. At this relic there is Uncle Ho's hut, during his stay here he wrote the work "Revising the way of working" and the poem "Canh Khuya" used as documents to cultivate the ideology, ethics and style of party members. Today the relic

This site is a tourist attraction that attracts many pilgrims to the glorious source of history.

- Na Mon relic: Since early 1947, after leaving the capital Hanoi, most of the Central Party and Government agencies have moved to ATK Viet Bac, including ATK Dinh Hoa and some other localities of Thai Nguyen. The Central Party agency and General Secretary Truong Chinh moved to live and work in Na Mon - Phu Dinh commune - Dinh Hoa district (Thai Nguyen). Comrade Truong Chinh lived and worked here in 1949, 1952-1953. Na Mon hut was restored and embellished on the old foundation. It is a 4-room stilt house, roofed with palm leaves, located in the middle of a shady garden. Through the gate we enter a green apricot garden. In spring, the house is full of white apricot flowers. Behind the stilt house is a hill of trees. When comrade Truong Chinh was here, a small trench was dug through the hill to the stream behind. The stilt house is spacious and airy, the outermost room is the kitchen, the innermost room is the living and working place of General Secretary Truong Chinh, there are 2 small beds here... at both ends of the stilt house are 2 convenient stairs.

* Cave temple

Hang Pagoda is located in Dong Chua hamlet, Cho Chu town, Dinh Hoa district, Thai Nguyen province, Vietnam. This is a complex including: Hang Tren, Mau temple, Tam Quan house, Hang Duoi. In the cave, there are many stalactites with diverse shapes. The unique feature of the cave is that inside there are many long-flowing water points that have created "fairy fields", a Buddha altar, an ancient stele from the Nguyen Dynasty and an ancient bell. The Hang Pagoda relic is also associated with historical events, where Ho Chi Minh lived and worked during the resistance war against French colonialism. Every year, the Hang Pagoda festival is held on the 14th and 15th of the first lunar month, attracting tourists to offer incense, visit and admire the pagoda.

Chua Hang Spring Festival - The festival takes place on January 14 at Dong Chua hamlet, Cho Chu town, Dinh Hoa district, Thai Nguyen province. This is a unique spring festival of the ethnic groups in Dinh Hoa that was held since the 1950s of the last century but was interrupted and gradually faded away due to various reasons. In 2012, the Chua Hang Spring Festival - Dinh Hoa was restored.

Restoring with the meaning of thanking heaven and earth, praying for favorable weather, prosperity and happiness for the village, lush plants, and blooming buds...

Chapter 1 summary:

Dinh Hoa is home to many ethnic groups, creating a unique cultural picture. With a rich history, culture, scenic spots and economic potential, Dinh Hoa has become a land with great potential for cultural tourism, historical relic tourism, eco-tourism, festival-spiritual tourism and weekend sightseeing and resort tourism... These potentials are intertwined and blended together. If well exploited, they will form attractive tours and routes for tourists, bringing a significant source of profit to the local economy.

Chapter 1 of the thesis has presented some basic theoretical bases and general features of Dinh Hoa district. From there, we have practical bases to combine with the characteristics and values of Tay ethnic culture in chapter 2. To have solutions to enhance the cultural values of the Tay ethnic group along with solutions to develop cultural tourism and community tourism.

CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERISTICS AND CULTURAL VALUES OF THE TAY ETHNIC GROUP IN DINH HOA - THAI NGUYEN.

2.1. History of formation and distribution of Tay people in Dinh Hoa.

The Tay people have been present in Vietnam since very early, possibly since the second half of the first millennium BC. They are one of the 54 ethnic groups in Vietnam, belonging to the local groups of Pa di, Tho, Ngan, Phen, Thu Lao, belonging to the Thai-Kadai language family, living mainly in the low mountains of Northern Vietnam. During the development of history, a part of the Kinh people moved down to live for a long time in Dinh Hoa district, gradually transforming into the Tay people. The Tay people mainly cultivate wet rice fields, in addition, they also practice other handicrafts to create products for the daily life of their families such as spinning, weaving, knitting, carpentry, forging hoes and knives. In addition, they also raise buffaloes and cows for traction, pigs, chickens, ducks, fish, etc. to create a source of income for their families. Whether they are indigenous Tay people or Tay people of Kinh origin, they have soon integrated and united together into a unified Tay bloc to build and protect the homeland of Dinh Hoa, preserving and developing traditional cultural values imbued with national identity. The Tay ethnic group is the majority population in Dinh Hoa district. Currently, in Dinh

Hoa has 43,367 Tay people, accounting for 49.2% of the district's population. There are communes in Dinh Hoa district where Tay people account for up to 90% such as: Linh Thong, Boc Nhieu, Diem Mac, Binh Yen... According to author Dao Duy Anh in the work "Vietnam through the dynasties", the Tay people in our country originated from the Lao Man people in China. The author "guesses that the Nung people in southern China and the Tay people in northern Vietnam are their descendants. Especially the Lao people in the Central Highlands at that time". In addition to their origin from southern China, the Tay people in Dinh Hoa also have a "Tay-ized" part. Historically, the Kinh people migrated to Dinh Hoa to live with the Tay people and gradually they became Tay people. A part of the Tay people today, if examined by genealogy, are completely Vietnamese.

2.2. Characteristics and values of the Tay people's life in Dinh Hoa.

2.2.1. Traditional housing.

Currently, the Tay people in Dinh Hoa district still have 2 types of housing:

The stilt house is the most traditional and popular type of house of the Tay people, belonging to the 3-room, 2-wing style. The house's column system is usually buried directly into the ground, or some houses use stones under the column's foot but still have a column buried into the ground. According to the Tay people's concept, those columns help to harmonize yin and yang, making the house sturdy and the family members healthy.

The traditional stilt house of the Tay people in Dinh Hoa - Thai Nguyen consists of the main part and the secondary part. The main part includes the roof, the columns and beams, the floor, and the walls. The secondary part includes the foot-washing trough, stairs, doors, water floor, attic, kitchen loft, and drying yard.

The roof of the Tay people's stilt house in Dinh Hoa is thatched with cogon grass, which can protect against rain and sun very well and is also light on the roof. If it is thickly thatched, the house will be very cool and can last for 5 - 10 years. The main part of a traditional house is the frame, the ribs determine the sturdiness and create the shape, fundamentally affecting the aesthetics of the house. Activities in each house often focus on the floor. The Tay people's floor is usually 1.6 m to 1.8 m higher than the ground. The floor of the stilt house is made from bamboo trunks split lengthwise, a line is made to cut the tree into a board and put together. In Dinh Hoa, there are well-off families who make the floor with wooden planks. The fence and wall are the parts that surround the usable area in the house. In the past, most stilt houses were covered with bamboo fences, but today, some families with conditions have covered them with wooden planks.

Before entering the Tay people's house, guests must wash their feet in the foot-washing trough placed above the stairs. The stairs of the Tay people's stilt houses consist of 7 or 9 wooden bars carved into a ladder about 120 - 150 cm long, 20 - 25 cm wide, with the two ends mortised into two sturdy ladder frames. The stairs are placed at the outer end of the water floor, in the space between a corner of the roof and the house's roof, occupying 1/3 of the length of the water floor and facing the door, that is, horizontally compared to the house. Although it is one of the auxiliary parts in the Tay people's stilt houses,

Characteristics and cultural values of the Tay ethnic group in Dinh Hoa - Thai Nguyen. Current status and solutions - 2

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