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Analysis of climate change adaptation measures and efficiency of household shrimp farming in Ben Tre province - 30


Table 11.3. Collinearity test of economic efficiency model of TSQCCT farming households


. corr lnlnch lngch lntach lnldch lnach dcltv dckt ddhsx pnrr sfvits knghiem tdhv dtich knong ttin

(obs=92)


| lnlnch lngch lntach lnldch lnach dcltv dckt ddhsx

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

llnnch

|

1.0000





lngch

|

-0.4433

1.0000



insert

|

-0.4930

0.4462

1.0000


lnldch

|

-0.3793

0.2868

0.3341

1.0000

inch

|

-0.4632

0.3790

0.4728

0.2372

1.0000




dcltv

|

0.4743

-0.1542

-0.1851

-0.2247

-0.0468

1.0000



dckt

|

0.5466

-0.1415

-0.2460

-0.3825

-0.2047

0.6279

1.0000


ddhsx

|

-0.3356

0.1585

0.1804

0.2630

0.1625

-0.4091

-0.4632

1.0000

pnrr

|

0.4252

-0.1261

-0.1483

-0.2799

-0.1038

0.5424

0.5074

-0.3082

sfvits

|

-0.3816

0.3262

0.2643

0.1591

0.2074

0.0197

-0.2057

0.1498

experience

|

-0.2061

-0.0301

-0.0422

0.1710

-0.2005

-0.1833

-0.2428

0.1837

tdhv

|

0.4309

-0.0274

-0.1348

0.0014

-0.2268

0.2481

0.4623

-0.2010

time

|

-0.2223

-0.0129

0.0525

0.2173

0.0200

-0.2417

-0.2333

0.2177

knot

|

0.2773

-0.1448

-0.2612

-0.2262

-0.1725

0.1759

0.3782

-0.3916

information

|

0.3110

-0.0495

-0.0444

-0.2531

-0.1535

0.4684

0.3723

-0.2334

Maybe you are interested!

Analysis of climate change adaptation measures and efficiency of household shrimp farming in Ben Tre province - 30


| pnrr sfvits knghiem tdhv dtich knong ttin

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

pnrr |1.0000

sfvits |-0.1570 1.0000

kghiem |-0.2329 0.0305

1.0000



tdhv |0.3812 -0.1009

-0.0414 1.0000


dtich |-0.0853 -0.1086

0.3678 -0.1207 1.0000


knong |0.1484 -0.0769

-0.1268 0.2325 -0.1459

1.0000

news |0.3734 0.1611

-0.1350 0.1576 -0.1887

0.1335

1.0000

Source: Survey data processing results, 2018

Table 11.4. Multicollinearity test of economic efficiency model of TTCTTC farming households

corr lnlnch lngch lntach lntch lnldch lnnlch lnvch lnach dcltv dckt ddhsx pnrr sfvitt knghiem tdhv dtich knong ttin

(obs=170)


| lnlnch lngch lntach lntch lnldch lnnlch lnvch lnach dcltv

-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

llnnch

|

1.0000






lngch

|

-0.3863

1.0000




insert

|

-0.3345

0.6105

1.0000



Intch

|

-0.2316

0.0382

0.0473

1.0000


lnldch

|

-0.2376

0.1736

0.0789

0.1297

1.0000

lnnlch

|

-0.2518

0.0786

0.1001

0.1444

0.0897

1.0000




lnvch

|

-0.4284

0.6924

0.5074

0.0449

0.1604

0.0482

1.0000



inch

|

-0.2084

0.1185

0.0088

0.1114

0.2440

0.1621

0.2460

1.0000


dcltv

|

0.2907

-0.1282

-0.0026

-0.1150

-0.1925

-0.1421

-0.1230

-0.1220

1.0000

dckt

|

0.4051

-0.1674

-0.0304

-0.1216

-0.0948

-0.1594

-0.1280

-0.1524

0.3281

ddhsx

|

-0.0866

-0.0052

0.0039

0.0032

-0.0072

0.0243

-0.0725

-0.0042

-0.0765

pnrr

|

0.3761

-0.1956

-0.1268

-0.1403

-0.0869

-0.2087

-0.1750

-0.0207

0.1199

sfvitt

|

-0.3339

0.0172

0.0014

0.2962

0.0602

0.0264

-0.0375

0.0692

-0.1154

experience

|

0.3563

-0.1424

-0.0819

-0.0947

-0.0459

-0.0444

-0.1568

-0.1155

0.1819

tdhv

|

0.2991

-0.1516

-0.0917

-0.1529

-0.1557

0.0492

-0.0783

-0.0998

0.2925

time

|

0.0342

-0.0620

-0.0752

-0.1712

-0.2020

-0.0048

-0.0126

-0.1156

0.1164

knot

|

0.2189

-0.0926

0.0050

-0.0490

-0.0875

-0.0881

-0.0643

-0.0751

0.0774

information

|

0.3751

-0.1079

-0.1085

-0.1190

-0.0705

-0.0640

-0.0969

-0.1598

0.1937


| dckt ddhsx pnrr sfvitt knghiem tdhv dtich knong ttin

-------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

dckt |

1.0000



ddhsx |

-0.1447

1.0000

pnrr |

0.2331

-0.0608

1.0000

sfvitt |

-0.1272

0.0656

-0.2339 1.0000

experience |

0.3043

-0.0841

0.1714 -0.3512 1.0000

tdhv |

0.1985

-0.0397

0.3134 -0.2763 0.2535 1.0000

time

0.1860

0.0354

0.0466 -0.2241 0.0825 0.1535 1.0000

knot |

0.2718

0.1575

0.1333 -0.0722 0.2091 0.1968 0.1271

information |

0.2368

0.1498

0.1564 -0.0543 0.1582 0.1757 0.2524 0.1046 1.0000

Source: Survey data processing results, 2018


Table 11.5. Results of simultaneous estimation of the random marginal profit function and the technical inefficiency function of TSQCCT farming households

Stoc. frontier normal/tnormal model Number of obs = 92

Wald chi2(4) = 55.14

Prob > chi2 = 0.0000


Log likelihood = -53.0903

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lnlnch | Coef. Std. Err. zP>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Frontier |

lngch | -.4793928

.1281415

-3.74

0.000

-.7305456

-.2282401

lntach | -.3875505

.1526654

-2.54

0.011

-.6867691

-.0883319

lnldch | -.0193533

.0725018

-0.27

0.790

-.1614542

.1227477

lnach | -.1227269

.0624387

-1.97

0.049

-.2451044

-.0003494

_cons | 2.596061

1.543424

1.68

0.093

-.4289941

5.621116

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mu


|








dcltv

|

-1.758238

.9206198

-1.91

0.056

-3.56262

.0461432


dckt

|

-1.293301

2.51122

-0.52

0.607

-6.215201

3.6286


ddhsx

|

1.390981

36.82166

0.31

0.757

-6.778151

8.560110


pnrr

|

-.6067944

.9834694

-0.62

0.537

-2.534359

1.32077


sfvits

|

10.82636

3.413286

3.17

0.002

4.136439

17.51627


experience

|

.0322367

.0250191

1.29

0.198

-.0168

.0812733


tdhv

|

-.2259523

.0724046

-3.12

0.002

-.3678628

-.0840418


time

|

.1366457

.1253683

1.09

0.276

-.1090717

.382363


knot

|

-.6154523

.2367098

-2.60

0.009

-1.079395

-.1515096


information

|

-.7378127

.2690716

-2.74

0.006

-1.265183

-.210442


_cons

|

-14.67237

36.99017

-0.40

0.692

-87.17177

57.82703

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Usigma |

_cons | -1.107602 .4251662 -2.61 .009 -1.940912 -.2742912

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vsigma |

_cons | -1.181858 .2039985 -10.70 0.000 -2.581688 -1.782028

-------------+---------------------------------------------------------- sigma_u | .5747611 .1221845 4.70 .000 .3789102 .8718433

sigma_v |

.3359043

.034262

9.80

0.000

.2750386

.4102395

lambda |

1.711086

.1345726

12.71

0.000

1.447328

1.974843

------------------------------------------------------------------------------


. predict hqkinhte, jlms


. sum hqkinhte


Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

-------------+-------------------------------------------------------- hqkinhte | 92 .7050905 .294412 .0743344 .9841934

Source: Survey data processing results, 2018


Table 11.6. Results of simultaneous estimation of the random marginal profit function and the technical inefficiency function of TTCTTC farming households


Number of obs =

170

Wald chi2(7) =

51.50

Prob > chi2 =

0.0000

Stoc. frontier normal/tnormal model


Log likelihood = -183.5699

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lnlnch | Coef. Std. Err. zP>|z| [95% Conf. Interval]

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Frontier |

lngch | -.0901615

.2345195

-0.38

0.701

-.5498112

.3694882

lntach | -.3842542

.2006271

-1.92

0.055

-.7774761

.0089676

lntch | -.1342673

.0500264

-2.68

0.007

-.2323173

-.0362172

lnldch | -.0777918

.0576182

-1.35

0.177

-.1907214

.0351379

lnnlch | -.0694709

.0691486

-1.00

0.315

-.2049998

.0660579

lnvch | -.5064914

.2262359

-2.24

0.025

-.9499057

-.0630771

lnach | -.0456478

.0857872

-0.53

0.595

-.2137876

.122492

_cons | 10.05162

1.726918

5.82

0.000

6.666926

13.43632

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Mu


|








dcltv

|

-.2292502

.1900378

-1.21

0.228

-.6017174

.1432171


dckt

|

-.5498256

.2206342

-2.49

0.013

-.9822606

-.1173906


ddhsx

|

.2772648

.1681144

1.65

0.099

-.0522334

.606763


pnrr

|

-.3486037

.1714703

-2.03

0.042

-.6846793

-.0125282


sfvitt

|

7.207292

1.886733

3.82

0.000

3.509363

10.90522


experience

|

-.0178447

.0153075

-1.17

0.244

-.0478469

.0121574


tdhv

|

-.0123615

.0274569

-0.45

0.653

-.0661761

.0414532


time

|

.4871749

.1338703

3.64

0.000

.2247939

.7495558


knot

|

-.1074731

.0608852

-1.77

0.078

-.2268059

.0118596


information

|

-.376894

.0855531

-4.41

0.000

-.544575

-.209213


_cons

|

-.7932909

1.123298

-0.71

0.480

-2.994914

1.408332

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Usigma |

_cons | -.3690395 .1907766 -1.93 .053 -.7429547 .0048758

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

Vsigma |

_cons | -3.523196 .9884582 -3.56 0.000 -5.460538 -1.585854

----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------

sigma_u |

.8315035

.0793157

10.48

0.000

.6897146

1.002441

sigma_v |

.1717702

.0848938

2.02

0.043

.0652017

.4525184

lambda |

4.840792

.1436833

33.69

0.000

4.559178

5.122406

------------------------------------------------------------------------------


. predict hqkinhte, jlms


. sum hqkinhte


Variable | Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

-------------+-------------------------------------------------------- hqkinhte | 170 .3094379 .2530529 .008819 .935891

Source: Survey data processing results, 2018


Appendix 12. List of interviews with district and commune level officials


No. Full name Level District/Commune Position Phone number

phone

1 Lam Nguyen Hoang Thanh District

Rich

2 Tran Van Trung Thanh District

Rich

3 Vo Thi Yen Nhi Thanh District

Rich

Deputy Head of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

Specialist of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

Specialist of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

0328456077


0976983567


0383611772

4 Pham T. Thanh Nga Ba Tri District , Head of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

PTNT

5 Trinh Thi Kim Loan Ba ​​Tri District Specialist of Agriculture Department

and PTNT

0384177666


0392030214

6 Huynh Thi Bich

Echo

Ba Tri District, Agriculture Department Specialist

and PTNT

0932292067

7 Nguyen Thi Hanh Ba Tri District Specialist of Agriculture Department

and PTNT

0976526861


All

PTNT

9

Nguyen Hoang Vu

Binh Dai District, Agriculture Department Specialist 0945109150

10

Tong Hong Huan

Giao Thanh Commune Economic civil servant - commune 0928575618

11

Mr. T. Tuyet Nhan

Giao Thanh Commune Agricultural civil servant 0349047904

12

Nguyen Khac Vu

An Dien Commune Economic civil servant - commune 0367990525

13

Dao Thi Tam Ca

An Dien Commune Agricultural civil servant 0938979601

14

Le Quoc Duong

Bao Thanh Commune Agricultural civil servant 0949618484

15

Tran Thi Kim Sa

Bao Thanh Commune Economic civil servant - commune 0818569477

16

Dang Cong Em

Tan Xuan Commune Agricultural civil servant 0386423813

17

Pham Tuan An

Economic and accounting civil servant

Dinh Trung Commune , call 0984558306

8 Vo Trinh Quoc

Binh Dai District , Head of Department of Agriculture and Rural Development

0918312132


and PTNT association

- environment


festival


- environment


- environment


festival


- environment


Source: Author's synthesis


Appendix 13. Research Questionnaire

UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY FACULTY OF ECONOMICS

COUPON CODE

. . . . . . . . .

SURVEY ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE SITUATION OF SEA SHRIMP FARMING IN BEN TRE PROVINCE

Interviewer's name:………………………….. Interview date:……/… . ./………….

We are currently conducting a research project on “Analysis of climate change adaptation measures and the effectiveness of shrimp farming in Ben Tre province” . We look forward to receiving your help by answering the following questions.

A. BASIC INFORMATION

1. Name of household head: …………………………Age:………………..

2. Address: Hamlet:…………….Commune:………………District:……………...Phone:……………

3. Name of interviewee:…………………….Relationship with household head:………. 4. Started shrimp farming since year: ......................

B. LIVELIHOOD RESOURCES

I. Human resources

1. Gender of the interviewee: О Male О Female

2. Education level of the interviewee:…………………….

3. Demographic situation and number of workers

- Total number of people in the household:..............................people, of which female: ……….. people

- Number of elderly and children:..............................people

- Number of people who have graduated from high school or higher:..............................people

- Direct labor involved in shrimp farming:.......................people

- Non-agricultural labor:................................people

4. Health monitoring status:

- Please tell us about the effectiveness of local medical examination and treatment services.

О Effective О Relatively effective О Ineffective

- Please tell us how easy it is to get to the medical facility

О Easy О Relatively easy О Not easy

II. Social resources

1. Does your family participate in any organizations or groups? О Yes О No If yes, specifically which of the following organizations or groups:

(1) Cooperative group(2) Farmers' association(3) Youth union

(4) Cooperatives(5) Women's Union(6) Party

(7) Government from hamlet to commune(8) Other (specify) ……………

2. In the past year, have you cooperated with any units in output consumption?

Yes No

If yes, which unit? .................................


3. What types of insurance does your family have?

(1) Health insurance(2) Shrimp farming insurance(3) Social insurance

(4) Motorcycle insurance(5) Life insurance (prudential, dai-ichi,…)

(6) Other:………………………………..

4. Has anyone in the family moved to another place for work purposes?

О Yes О No

If yes, how many people.....................................

5. Have you attended any training courses on shrimp farming organized by your company or organization?

Did you participate in the event last year? ОYes ОNo If yes, how many times a year on average:………..

6. Your family is eligible

О (1) Well-off households О (2) Average households О (3) Near-poor households О (4) Poor households

III. Material resources

1. Land use situation

Total land area:..............................(m 2 ). In which:

- Shrimp farming area:..............................(m 2 ). Number of ponds: ............... (ponds).

- Other aquaculture area:.....................................(m 2 )

- Salt-making land area:...................................(m 2 )

- Annual planting area:.....................................(m 2 )

- Area for planting perennial trees:.....................................(m 2 )

- Area used for other purposes:.....................................(m 2 )

- Owning land for shrimp farming: Individual Rent Other………… If rented, rental price/year ……………million VND

2. Housing and durable consumer goods

1.1 The house where grandparents live is of the following type:

О(1) Permanent house О(2) Semi-permanent house О(3) Temporary house

2.2 Household durable consumer assets

Asset Type

Have

Are not

Quantity (piece/pcs)

1. Telephone (mobile and landline)




2. Motorcycle




3. Car




4. Television




5. Refrigerator




6. Air conditioner




7. Washing machine




8. Internet




9. Computer (Laptop)




10. Other assets: …………………




Add





3. According to you, how is the level of meeting the demand for water in daily life?

О(1) Often lacking О(2) Occasionally lacking О(3) Adequate

4. Types of domestic water sources that households access and use during natural disasters

(1) Well water (drilled, dug)(2) Rainwater(3) Tap water

IV. Natural resources

1. Distance from shrimp pond to commune center:……km; to district center:……km;

to the coast:..........km.

2. Situation of water sources for production

1.1 Could you tell me if the water source for your family's shrimp farming is polluted or not?

О Yes О No

2.2 If yes, please indicate which of the following causes of pollution?

(1) Waste sources from industrial factories, small-scale industries, and craft villages

(2) Waste from shrimp, crab, fish farming... of households and other establishments

(3) Waste sources from fertilizers and pesticides

(4) Waste sources from livestock and poultry farming

(5) Other (specify) …………………

2.3 In your general assessment, the current level of water pollution for shrimp farming is

О(1) Very high О(2) High О(3) Moderate О(4) Low О(5) Very low

3. How do you rate the convenience of local infrastructure for shrimp farming?

Status

Facilities

Favorable

Relatively favorable

Unfavorable

1

Traffic




2

Dike, sea dike




3

Canal




4

Electricity




4. How often do you experience power outages in your home?

О (1) Often О (2) Occasionally О (3) Rarely

V. Financial resources

1. Do you currently have any loans? О Yes О No

2. Could you please tell us about your most recent loan source?

Loan amount (million VND)

Amount for shrimp production (million VND)

Interest rate (%/month)

Loan year and term (months)

Loan conditions

Credit

Mortgage







3. Is it easy to get a loan? О Yes О No

4. Where have you borrowed money?

(1) Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development(2) Bank for Social Policies

(3) Associations, groups, clubs(4) Purchase of agricultural materials on credit

(5) Borrow from relatives/acquaintances(6) Borrow from private individuals

(7) Never borrowed(8) other:………


5. Average annual income and livelihood of household members

Target

Have

Are not


1. Shrimp farming




a) What is the average total annual income from the above activities? : ……….... million

copper


b) In which the main source of income is from:………


c) Approximately how much % does your family save each year?

savings in total income? ………... %

2. Other aquaculture



3. Making salt



4. Raising livestock and poultry



5. Growing annual crops (rice, vegetables,

color)



6.Planting perennial trees (mangoes...)



7. Non-agricultural, including



- Work for hire



- Trade



- State employee



- Company staff



- Other: ……….



C. SEA SHRIMP PRODUCTION SITUATION IN 2018

I. Breed, farming form and farming time

1. Origin of the breed ОIn the province ОOutside the province

2. Are the shrimp seeds quarantined ? О Yes О No

3. Number of crops from the beginning of 2018 to present………………..crops


S

tt


Breeding form

Number of ponds

Total area (m 2 )

Breed type (Sú, Bài)

Breeding time (From day/month )date)

Case 1

Case 2

Case 1

Case 2

Case 1

Case 2

Case 1

Case 2

1

□ Improved giant tiger prawn









2

□ Intensive white leg shrimp farming









3

□ Other…….









II. Means of production

Type of document

Quantity (pond/piece/unit)

Unit price (1000 VND)

Total amount

(1000 VND)

Time of use

Time

used

1. Cost of digging shrimp ponds






2. Engine






3. Motor






4. Fan rack






5. Aerator (oxygen)






6. Water pump






7. Siphon machine (pump)

mud)






8. Feeding machine






9. Boat






10. Watchtower






11. Surrounding mesh






12. Lining






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