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Areas, Sectors and Subjects Vulnerable to Climate Change Impacts in Quang Ninh Province


4

2011 (estimate)

6,459,000

2,536,000

5

2012 (estimate)

7,005,000

2,490,000

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Source: Quang Ninh Province Statistical Yearbook 1955-2011


The conversion of land in Bai Tu Long National Park from conservation purposes to tourism development land has caused many conflicts in the locality, and at the same time affected the biodiversity conservation work of the Park in particular and the province in general.

3.3.4. Impact of Climate Change

In the coming time, the impact of climate change and rising sea levels on natural ecosystems and biodiversity in Quang Ninh province will continue to be complex with a very large impact level, possibly changing or causing the disappearance of specific ecosystems in the locality.

Table 3.12. Areas, sectors and subjects vulnerable to the impacts of climate change in Quang Ninh province


TT

Impact factors


Sensitive, vulnerable area


Vulnerable Sector/Industry


1


Increase temperature

In the whole province, but coastal areas are most affected (Mong Cai City, Van Don, Yen Hung, Co To...

- Agriculture (crop cultivation, livestock, aquaculture) and food security.

- Community health (elderly, children, outdoor workers...)


2


Rising sea levels

- Coastal districts of Ha Long City, Mong Cai, Yen Hung District ( Ha Nam Island ), Co To, Van Don... and low-lying areas of Ba Che and Dong Trieu districts.

- Ecosystems, nature reserves, coral reefs.

- Van Don island district, Co To, Quan Lan island, Thanh Lam.


- Agriculture (cultivation, livestock, aquaculture)

- Water resources (surface water, groundwater)

- Infrastructure, tourist areas (Van Don, Ha Long, Mong Cai, Co To,...)



3


Storms and depressions

tropical

Coastal strip: Ha Long City, Mong Cai City, Cam Pha Town, Yen Hung District, Van Don District, Co To District, Tien Yen District, Dam Ha District, Hai Ha District

- Agriculture (cultivation, livestock, aquaculture).

- Marine and coastal activities

- Infrastructure; transportation, sea dykes.

- Houses, fishing equipment.

- Residence; health and life.


4


Drought


Occurred locally in some districts: Ba Che, Binh Lieu, Hoanh Bo, Van Don island district, Co To.

- Agriculture and food security

- Water resources (surface water, groundwater).

- Industry, energy


5


Saltwater intrusion

Occurs in coastal districts from Yen Hung to Mong Cai, besides the intrusion into the estuaries of Ba Che, Ka Long, ... island districts of Van Don, Co To, ...

- Agriculture (crop cultivation, aquaculture) and food security.

- Water resources (surface water, groundwater).


6

Phenomena

extreme climate (*)


In the whole province and especially coastal areas.

- Agriculture (cultivation, livestock, aquaculture.

- Health and life.

- Infrastructure.

(*): Including phenomena: unusual heat waves, unusual rainy days, thunderstorms, tornadoes, cyclones, flash floods, etc.

Source: Quang Ninh Provincial People's Committee, 2012

3.3.5. Biodiversity goals that Quang Ninh province needs to achieve by 2020, with a vision to 2030

Based on the final report of the Environmental Protection Plan of Quang Ninh province and the biodiversity action plan of Quang Ninh province, the biodiversity targets of Quang Ninh province are:

- Address the root causes of biodiversity loss by making biodiversity a mainstream of government and social life.

- Reduce direct pressure on biodiversity and promote sustainable exploitation.

- Improve the status of biodiversity by protecting ecosystems,

species and genetic diversity.

- Enhance benefits for all parties from biodiversity and ecosystem services.

- Strengthen implementation through participatory planning, knowledge management and capacity building.

3.4. Proposing solutions to improve the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation work

3.4.1. Strengthening communication work on biodiversity conservation

Strengthen communication activities on biodiversity so that people understand biodiversity and the benefits of participating in biodiversity conservation, thereby gradually forming awareness of biodiversity conservation and biodiversity conservation work becomes the right and responsibility of the people.

Communication forms should be organized widely to the entire community, in which the proposed forms of propaganda should be prioritized to organize activities with direct participation of people and propaganda through mass media such as the internet, social networks, television and radio.

Figure 3.15. Survey results on accessible communication

According to the survey results, many opinions believe that implementing activities in which people directly participate and propagating through mass media will make it easier for people to understand and absorb (Figure 3.15). At the same time, knowledge about biodiversity and conservation is mostly shared by participants.

survey collected through mass media. This is shown through the survey results on forms of access to information about alien species, wildlife trade and consumption (Figure 3.16).

Figure 3.16. Ways respondents access information related to biodiversity conservation

The respondents assessed that the implementation of training programs was also quite effective in disseminating knowledge about biodiversity, however, in reality, the information they knew about biodiversity conservation accounted for a very small proportion, which proves that the effectiveness of communication work organized at the local level needs to be improved. The proposed actions are:

+ Build a team of environmental and biodiversity conservation propagandists consisting of cadres with professional knowledge and propaganda skills. This will be the core force to promote communication work and raise awareness and sense of responsibility among the people.

+ Develop communication plans in which activities are organized according to annual themes.

+ Strengthening the organization of communication programs at agencies and enterprises with funding mobilized from socialized sources to reduce dependence on the state budget and is also a sustainable development direction in the coming time.

3.4.2. Increase the quantity and quality of activities of nature reserves

Quang Ninh province has many areas with high biodiversity values ​​that need to be preserved, so it is necessary to speed up and create favorable conditions for the establishment of new conservation areas to enhance the conservation of biodiversity values. At the same time, it is necessary to expand and upgrade existing conservation areas to reduce pressure on conservation work.

Through the survey results on management work in protected areas of people who have visited protected areas, it is found that management activities in protected areas have not been participated by the people, 40% of the survey results do not know and have no opinion on management work and 15% think that management work is not good (Figure 3.17). Due to not knowing about management activities, the conservation awareness of people and visitors greatly affects conservation work. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen management work in established protected areas to enhance conservation activities and strictly control the risks caused by visiting activities affecting conservation work.

It is necessary to mobilize the participation of local people in co-management in protected areas to strengthen the implementation of inspection, monitoring and management. Management needs to clearly define rights, responsibilities, benefits and the first priority is to raise people's awareness of biodiversity conservation. According to the survey results, most people agree to let local people participate in co-management and exploit biodiversity potential in protected areas because local people are the ones who understand the protected areas best (Figure 3.18).

In addition, for some endangered species, an ex situ conservation center should be established. The ex situ conservation center should include a botanical garden to conserve endangered plant species and a rescue and rehabilitation center for injured wildlife.



Figure 3.17. Opinions on management work in nature reserves

Figure 3.18. Opinions on allowing people in protected areas to participate in conservation

3.4.3.Developing activities to visit conservation areas and ecotourism

To promote the benefits of biodiversity exploitation, generate revenue for biodiversity conservation and contribute to the dissemination of biodiversity conservation, it is necessary to promote the development of ecotourism and attract visits to conservation areas.

According to the survey results, most of the respondents like to participate in ecotourism programs and visit nature reserves (Figure 3.19). This is a very favorable condition for investing in developing ecotourism and promoting visits to nature reserves.

Figure 3.19. Survey results on preferences for visiting NRs and ecotourism

The implementation of ecotourism activities should focus on what visitors are interested in. Based on the survey results on the needs of the surveyees regarding the things they are interested in when visiting the NR (Figure 3.20) and ecotourism

Based on the attitudes and survey results on what visitors dislike when visiting protected areas (Figure 3.4, p. 68), the following activities are suggested:

- It is necessary to develop ecotourism programs and visit programs to different conservation areas suitable to each biodiversity characteristic and purpose of visit.

- There are documents guiding and widely introducing information about important and special values ​​of places to visit, research and relax. There are tour guides who are knowledgeable about those values, have skills in communication, promotion and introduction of values ​​in the KBTN and eco-tourism areas so that visitors do not feel bored and understand those values.

- Organize activities for people to participate in during the visit, they can integrate with nature, feel excited and relaxed. Design stops for resting during long journeys, have time for tourists to see and feel instead of just walking and looking around.

Figure 3.20. Survey results on what visitors look for when visiting MPAs and ecotourism

In addition, a natural history museum should be established to bring added value to tourism, especially Ha Long Bay. This museum not only has exhibition facilities but also has functions of studying biodiversity of Quang Ninh province including Ha Long Bay, in cooperation with the proposed peripheral conservation center including a botanical garden and a wildlife rescue facility. Bai Tu Long National Park already has a museum, however, more exhibition facilities need to be developed.

Exhibitions, infrastructure, guiding and interpretation services… are necessary for effective ecotourism and environmental education.

Attention should be paid to the management and conservation of existing biodiversity values, and at the same time, ecosystems with high biodiversity values ​​and tourism potential such as coral reefs, seagrass beds, etc. should be restored.

3.4.4. Strengthening state management of biodiversity conservation

Strengthening state management of biodiversity is a very important factor in biodiversity conservation. The proposed actions to strengthen biodiversity management are:

- Complete the information system on biodiversity in Quang Ninh province and have activities to monitor and supervise changes in biodiversity values ​​(species diversity, genetic resources). Data is always updated, stored and easily accessed and used by stakeholders in biodiversity management.

- Develop a biodiversity conservation plan for Quang Ninh province and implement the biodiversity action plan for Quang Ninh province until 2020. Update, learn from experience and implement action plans every 5 years.

- Clearly define the responsibilities of stakeholders in biodiversity conservation and enhance coordination in biodiversity management.

- Building, perfecting and enhancing the capacity of the organizational system and staff to carry out state management work on biodiversity.

3.4.5. Developing sustainable development activities

To promote biodiversity conservation, it is necessary to promote sustainable development of agriculture, forestry and fisheries.

- Improve quality and efficiency in agriculture through the application of advanced technology, cleaner production, and the use of valuable plant varieties suitable to local conditions for planting and development.

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