The Role of Legal Education for Khmer Ethnic Group

local, such as resolutions of People's Councils at all levels, decisions of People's Committees at all levels, programs and plans of departments, branches and sectors; but also includes the practical life of law in the provinces in the Mekong Delta region. In addition, it is necessary to equip Khmer ethnic minorities with the necessary skills so that they can apply the law to solve legal events and problems that occur in real life.

Third , legal education activities for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta are carried out through specific and appropriate legal education methods. In principle, legal education subjects must base on the objectives, content and objects of legal education to select and use appropriate legal education methods. Legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities has specific features in terms of objectives, content and objects, so legal education subjects need to proactively find the most optimal and appropriate legal education methods. Depending on each specific legal education content, subjects must research, flexibly apply and create legal education methods to make them lively, attractive and engaging for Khmer ethnic minorities by asking questions, presenting specific legal situations and events that often occur in the Khmer ethnic community, creating lively debates and discussions to find solutions to the problems raised .

Fourth , legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta is carried out through diverse and rich forms of legal education. In general, many forms of legal education can be used. Each form is used by legal education subjects in accordance with different goals and recipients, such as oral propaganda about the law; legal education through mass media; legal knowledge contests; compilation of legal education documents; legal aid; legal advice; legal knowledge training... Depending on the goals and content of legal education as well as the characteristics of age groups and residential areas of Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta, appropriate legal education forms are selected for each group of subjects in the Khmer ethnic community. To varying degrees, many Khmer people have acquired certain legal knowledge and understanding. In addition, Khmer ethnic minorities also seek out more legal information from different information channels to supplement and serve their life needs.

Fifth , legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta is legal education for an ethnic community with a rich cultural tradition and its own language (spoken and written). For forms of legal education through direct contact (seminars, seminars, legal talks, specialized training, knowledge training)

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In terms of legal knowledge for Khmer people, language differences are still a major obstacle, leading to limitations and shortcomings in legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities. This is a unique feature of legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta. On the side of the subjects of legal education, many Kinh people have tried to learn Khmer, but their Khmer language vocabulary is not enough to convey legal information and knowledge to Khmer ethnic minorities, especially specialized legal terms. On the side of the subjects of legal education, there is still a significant number of Khmer people who are not fluent in Vietnamese, so it is difficult to absorb the content of legal education. That requires the authorities of the provinces in the Mekong Delta to find effective solutions to overcome this shortcoming.

2.1.3. The role of legal education for Khmer ethnic people

Like GDPL for other social subjects, GDPL for Khmer ethnic minorities in

The Mekong Delta region plays a very important role, shown in the following points:

2.1.3.1. Legal education contributes to providing, equipping, and improving legal knowledge and understanding for Khmer ethnic people.

One of the basic characteristics of the Socialist Rule of Law State is that the law is always placed in the supreme position, no agency, organization or individual can stand outside or above the law. "The State is organized and operates according to the Constitution and the law, manages society by the Constitution and the law, and implements the principle of democratic centralism" [63, Clause 1, Article 8]. The State builds and promulgates laws to regulate social relations, protect the legitimate and legal rights and interests of the State, collectives and citizens. In order for the law to be fully and seriously implemented in social reality, and to fully promote its role and function, the law must permeate into the awareness and be revealed through the legal acts of each member of society. However, the law cannot reach each person by itself, but must be through legal education. That is the method of transmitting and transferring legal information, the content of legal principles and regulations to a large number of state officials and people of all walks of life; helping them grasp and understand the law quickly and promptly without spending too much time and effort on self-study and learning. Legal education is an active support method, a quick and effective way to equip and improve legal knowledge for social subjects.

For Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta, due to many historical, geographical, economic and social reasons, the level of legal knowledge is still limited. There are Khmer people who know very little or almost nothing about legal regulations, including regulations on human rights and civil rights. Lacking legal knowledge about human rights and civil rights, Khmer ethnic minorities find it difficult to access and protect their human rights and civil rights. In order to equip Khmer ethnic minorities with legal knowledge, the main method that the authorities must implement is legal education for them. That shows that one of the extremely important roles of legal education is to contribute to providing, equipping and improving legal knowledge and understanding for Khmer ethnic minorities.

2.1.3.2. Legal education contributes to building and strengthening the sentiments and beliefs of the Khmer people towards the law.

The law can only be strictly implemented by all citizens and truly bring into play its effectiveness and efficiency when they believe in the principles and regulations of the law. Only when people have a correct and complete understanding of the principles and regulations of the law can they voluntarily implement the law without any coercive measures from the State. From the role of providing information, improving the level of knowledge and understanding of the law for all classes of people, GDPL contributes to building and strengthening people's trust in the law.

According to the logic of the above issue, legal education activities for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta region play an important role in contributing to building and strengthening people's trust in the law. In real life, there are people who have knowledge and understanding of the law but do not have faith in the law, so they are willing to disregard the law, taking advantage of loopholes in the law to pursue their own interests. The reason is because they lack faith in the fairness and strictness of the law, and do not have a sense of legal responsibility. When Khmer ethnic minorities believe in the fairness and strictness of the law, there is no need for any measures from the authorities to implement the law. With faith in the fairness and strictness of the law, each Khmer person will know how to carry out legal acts in accordance with the requirements and demands of the law independently, voluntarily and consciously.

In order for legal education activities for Khmer ethnic minorities to contribute to building and strengthening people's trust in the law, it is necessary to educate them about fairness, responsibility and intolerance towards illegal and criminal acts. Educating about fairness is educating Khmer ethnic minorities to know how to evaluate legal acts, how to determine the standards of legal fairness to self-evaluate their behavior, and how to behave in relationships with others and with themselves based on legal acts. Educating about responsibility is educating Khmer ethnic minorities to be aware of their legal obligations. Educating about responsibility is making Khmer people aware that all their actions and behaviors must be based on the law and within the framework of legal regulations. Educating about intolerance towards criminal acts is helping Khmer people to be proactive and actively fight against crime. Building and strengthening the Khmer people's trust in the law is especially important in the context that reactionary and hostile forces are still carrying out propaganda activities, distorting the Party's guidelines and policies, the State's policies and laws, causing division among ethnic groups and religions in the area.

2.1.3.3. Legal education contributes to raising awareness of self-compliance with the law and performing legal acts for Khmer ethnic people.

The Khmer people's awareness of self-compliance with the law can only be improved when legal education is conducted regularly, promptly, effectively, and convincingly, contributing to forming and strengthening the good feelings and trust of the people in the law, increasingly improving their understanding of legal documents, legal events and phenomena occurring in social life; thereby, improving the Khmer people's awareness of self-compliance with the law. Legal awareness is a factor that guides the legal behavior of each Khmer person, good legal awareness is the basis for forming in each person in the Khmer ethnic community the motivation to perform legal behavior.

Understanding the law, correctly perceiving the nature and social role of the law, grasping human rights, civil rights... will be the basis and foundation for Khmer ethnic minorities to have more confidence in the policies and laws of the State, the management and administration of local authorities at all levels in the Mekong Delta region. Moreover, having knowledge and understanding of the law at a certain level, having faith in the law

Only with the law can Khmer ethnic minorities be aware of self-assessing and comparing their behavior with the principles and regulations of the law when participating in social relations; they can effectively access or protect human rights and civil rights, in accordance with legal principles, and improve their quality of life.

Legal education helps strengthen the deep belief of Khmer ethnic minorities in the need to voluntarily comply with the provisions of the law, which are important factors in forming positive legal behavior. The feelings of fairness, responsibility, and intolerance for criminal acts... are psychological and ideological factors that cannot be separated from proactive, voluntary, and positive legal behavior. Only through internal motivation, strong feelings and beliefs in the law can legal, voluntary, and positive behavior be formed among Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta. That shows that one of the extremely important roles of legal education activities for Khmer ethnic minorities is to contribute to raising awareness of voluntary compliance with the law and performing legal behavior for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta.

2.2. ELEMENTS OF LEGAL EDUCATION FOR THE KHMER ETHNIC MINORITY IN THE MEKONG DELTA

The process of legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta region is made up of the following elements: objectives of legal education; subjects and objects of legal education; content, methods and forms of legal education. The connection between the elements creates the dialectical unity of the process of legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta region.

2.2.1. Objectives of legal education for Khmer ethnic people

Determining clearly the objectives of the legal education for the Khmer ethnic minority in the Mekong Delta plays a very important role; because if the objectives are not clearly and correctly determined, the subjects of the legal education cannot provide appropriate content, methods and forms of legal education; the implementation of legal education for them will fall into a state of dogmatism, movement and ineffectiveness. Legal education for the Khmer ethnic minority in the Mekong Delta is a process that has a beginning, develops in specific steps and stages, and ends within a certain space and at a certain time. The subjects of legal education must answer the questions: What is the purpose of legal education for the Khmer ethnic minority? What does this activity include? How is legal education implemented, by

How?.etc. Answering the first question is to determine the goal of GDPL for this audience.

From the above explanation, it can be affirmed that: The goal of legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta is the basic and consistent orientation, which must be achieved in legal education activities for this group. These are legal information and knowledge; attitudes, feelings, and beliefs towards the law; habits, lifestyles, and positive behaviors according to the law that Khmer ethnic minorities can absorb and realize in the process of living, working, and living .

Legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta must achieve the following three specific goals:

Firstly, legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta must achieve the goal of awareness. Legal education for any subject, first of all, aims to provide and equip them with information, knowledge, and legal understanding, contributing to the formation, consolidation, and improvement of their legal awareness. This is the first important goal that legal education activities for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta must achieve; because legal understanding will be the basis for Khmer ethnic minorities to trust in the policies and laws of the State, the management and administration of all levels of government. Legal education helps Khmer ethnic minorities understand human rights and civil rights; know how to use the law to fight to protect their legitimate and legal rights and interests. Moreover, with knowledge and understanding of the law, Khmer ethnic minorities will be proactive and self-conscious in organizing labor and living activities; and self-assess their behavior when participating in social relations.

In our country today, in general, the legal awareness of all classes of people, including the Khmer ethnic minority in the Mekong Delta, is still low due to the influence of conservative ideology and the old lifestyle of small-scale production; many people still do not have a correct understanding of the basic rights and obligations of citizens. In addition, legal education for the people is sometimes and in some places not properly understood and implemented, leading to the underestimation of the role of this work. This is one of the reasons why social discipline and national laws are not strict; at times and in many places, serious violations of the law still occur; and this undermines people's trust in the law. From that reality, our Party and State always pay attention to and promote legal education. The Resolution of the 6th National Congress of the Party emphasized:

Pay attention to education, propaganda, and legal explanation... Managers at all levels, from the central to grassroots units, must have knowledge of administrative management and understanding of the law. It is necessary to use many forms and measures to educate, raise legal awareness and provide legal advice to the people [23, p.121].

The Resolution of the 7th National Congress of our Party continues to affirm "regular legal education, building awareness of living and working according to the law" [24, p.135] .

Second, legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta aims to form their attitudes, feelings and beliefs towards the law. This is also a very important goal; because if they are equipped with legal knowledge but do not create feelings and beliefs in the fairness and strictness of the law, people are very likely to commit deviant acts, straying from the principles and regulations of the law to pursue their own interests. Legal education to form legal feelings is to educate Khmer ethnic minorities about fairness, responsibility and intolerance towards criminal acts.

Educating on the sense of fairness is educating Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta to recognize and evaluate whether a certain behavior is right or wrong, and from there, express their indignation, criticize, and condemn the wrong; defend, support, and fight to protect the right based on the knowledge and understanding of the law. The law is one of the standards and measures of fairness; therefore, when participating in specific social relationships, Khmer ethnic minorities must know how to adjust their behavior to comply with the provisions of the law.

Education on sense of responsibility is to educate Khmer ethnic people to know their legal duties and obligations, to perform their actions in accordance with the provisions of the law, to clearly understand their legal responsibilities and always fulfill those responsibilities in relation to other legal entities. Sense of responsibility is the basis for each Khmer people to live in solidarity, closeness, sharing and responsibility to each other in the Khmer ethnic community.

Educating the Khmer ethnic group on intolerance towards criminal acts is, in essence, educating the Khmer ethnic group to fully recognize the danger to society of criminal acts, that crimes not only infringe upon the interests of the State, collectives, and communities; but also infringe upon life, health, honor,

dignity, property, rights and other legitimate interests of citizens; from there, Khmer ethnic minority groups have a strong fighting spirit, uncompromising against criminal acts. Uncompromising sentiments against criminal acts are very important in forming proactive legal behavior, actively fighting against crime.

Third, legal education for Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta has the specific goal of forming positive legal behavior. This goal must be demonstrated through positive legal behavior of Khmer ethnic minorities themselves. The goal of awareness and the goal of attitude and emotion, in the end, both serve the goal of forming positive legal behavior. Providing legal knowledge and educating a deep belief in the need to voluntarily comply with legal regulations are important factors in forming positive legal behavior. Feelings of fairness, sense of responsibility and uncompromising spirit towards criminal acts are psychological and emotional factors that cannot be separated from the formation of voluntary and positive legal behavior. VI Lenin affirmed: "Without emotions, people cannot and will never seek the truth" [101, p.112]. It is only through internal motivation, emotions, and strong belief in the law that legal, voluntary, and positive legal behavior can be formed among Khmer ethnic minorities in the Mekong Delta.

To achieve the goal of forming positive legal behavior, it is necessary to regularly and persistently educate the Khmer ethnic group in law through many forms and methods so that the Khmer ethnic group understands the necessity, rationality and benefits of legal regulations for society in general and for the Khmer ethnic community in particular. Legal legal behavior must become a habit and lifestyle in the daily work and life of the Khmer people. Education of law helps the Khmer ethnic group in the Mekong Delta to know how to live together and learn how to live with members of the community; to assert themselves, to decide their own thoughts and actions in accordance with the provisions of the law. That explains why the higher the level of legal knowledge, the more effective and efficient the law is.

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