This is the period when evaporation is many times higher than rainfall, causing the moisture in the topsoil layer to always be much lower than the moisture that causes plants to wilt, so it is very difficult to cultivate short-term crops during this period if you cannot proactively control the source of irrigation water.
- Rainfall: The average total rainfall in 2016 was 1,379.8 mm/year with 118 rainy days/year. Rainfall is unevenly distributed, concentrated mostly in the months of June, July, August, and September, accounting for 67% of the annual rainfall.
- Sunshine: The total number of sunny days in 2016 was 2,010.2 hours, mainly concentrated in April, May, June with hot winds (Lao wind).
- Wind: Prevailing in two directions are the Northeast monsoon from October to February of the following year and the Southwest wind from March to September. Especially from March to May, it is also affected by hot winds (Lao wind). The number of days affected by hot winds is 15 - 18 days/year. The average measured speed is 0.8 - 1.90 m/s, the maximum wind speed is 28 m/s. Son La city is inland next year, protected by mountain ranges and not affected by storms, but there are occasional local whirlwinds.
3.1.1.4. Hydrology
Due to the complex and strongly divided terrain, the city has a fairly rich system of streams and creeks, but they are unevenly distributed, mainly concentrated in low-lying areas. In general, the city's hydrological regime is mainly dominated by two main hydrological systems, Nam La and Nam Pan, which are tributaries of the Da River, flowing in the Southwest - Northeast direction.
In addition, the city also has a dense system of irrigation works: 05 dams, concrete dams, 06 medium and small stone-laying steel cages, 15 temporary dams, 06 water wheel stations and 48 reservoirs of all kinds. The Ban Mong irrigation project invested by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is under construction with a reservoir of nearly 8 million m3 of water in the Nam La stream source area. Due to the special geological and hydrological tectonic mechanism located in the limestone area, the karst process takes place strongly, creating many underground caves and this is also the reason that greatly affects the hydrological regime of the city.
41
3.1.1.5 Resources
a. Land resources
Table 3.1: Structure of land area by commune and ward in Son La city, Son La province
TT
Unit | Total natural area | Agricultural land | Non-agricultural land | Unused land | |||||
Acreage | % of total revenue | Acreage | % of total revenue | Acreage | % of total revenue | Acreage | % of total revenue | ||
Citywide | 32,351.45 | 100.0 | 21,051.55 | 100.0 | 2,479.78 | 100.0 | 8,820.12 | 100.0 | |
1 | Chieng Le Ward | 267.49 | 0.83 | 113.44 | 0.54 | 112.40 | 4.53 | 41.65 | 0.47 |
2 | To Hieu Ward | 187.43 | 0.58 | 88.77 | 0.42 | 95.42 | 3.85 | 3.24 | 0.04 |
3 | Quyet Thang Ward | 417.05 | 1.29 | 233.38 | 1.11 | 130.94 | 5.28 | 52.73 | 0.60 |
4 | Quyet Tam Ward | 255.56 | 0.79 | 92.50 | 0.44 | 126.93 | 5.12 | 36.13 | 0.41 |
5 | Chieng An Ward | 2,246.48 | 6.94 | 1,389.93 | 6.60 | 129.66 | 5.23 | 726.89 | 8.24 |
6 | Chieng Coi Ward | 1,113.09 | 3.44 | 755.55 | 3.59 | 225.95 | 9.11 | 131.59 | 1.49 |
7 | Chieng Sinh Ward | 2,261.38 | 6.99 | 1,377.65 | 6.54 | 539.78 | 21.77 | 343.95 | 3.90 |
8 | Chieng Co Commune | 3,957.06 | 12.23 | 2,958.99 | 14.06 | 169.43 | 6.83 | 828.64 | 9.39 |
9 | Chieng Den Commune | 6,761.04 | 20.90 | 4,507.08 | 21.41 | 114.61 | 4.62 | 2,139.35 | 24.26 |
10 | Chieng Ngan Commune | 4,561.50 | 14.10 | 2,852.59 | 13.55 | 277.88 | 11.21 | 1,431.03 | 16.22 |
11 | Chieng Xom Commune | 6,159.65 | 19.04 | 3,289.68 | 15.63 | 137.15 | 5.53 | 2,732.82 | 30.98 |
12 | Hua La Commune | 4,163.72 | 12.87 | 3,391.99 | 16.11 | 419.63 | 16.92 | 352.10 | 3.99 |
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![Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
zt2i3t4l5ee
zt2a3gsconsumer,consumption,consumer behavior,marketing,mobile marketing
zt2a3ge
zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts
- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in peoples daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone companys network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
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Mobile Phone Usage in Hanoi Inner City Area
zt2i3t4l5ee
zt2a3gsconsumer,consumption,consumer behavior,marketing,mobile marketing
zt2a3ge
zc2o3n4t5e6n7ts
- Test the relationship between demographic variables and consumer behavior for Mobile Marketing activities
The analysis method used is the Chi-square test (χ2), with statistical hypotheses H0 and H1 and significance level α = 0.05. In case the P index (p-value) or Sig. index in SPSS has a value less than or equal to the significance level α, the hypothesis H0 is rejected and vice versa. With this testing procedure, the study can evaluate the difference in behavioral trends between demographic groups.
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH RESULTS
During two months, 1,100 survey questionnaires were distributed to mobile phone users in the inner city of Hanoi using various methods such as direct interviews, sending via email or using questionnaires designed on the Internet. At the end of the survey, after checking and eliminating erroneous questionnaires, the study collected 858 complete questionnaires, equivalent to a rate of about 78%. In addition, the research subjects of the thesis are only people who are using mobile phones, so people who do not use mobile phones are not within the scope of the thesis, therefore, the questionnaires with the option of not using mobile phones were excluded from the scope of analysis. The number of suitable survey questionnaires included in the statistical analysis was 835.
4.1 Demographic characteristics of the sample
The structure of the survey sample is divided and statistically analyzed according to criteria such as gender, age, occupation, education level and personal income. (Detailed statistical table in Appendix 6)
- Gender structure: Of the 835 completed questionnaires, 49.8% of respondents were male, equivalent to 416 people, and 50.2% were female, equivalent to 419 people. The survey results of the study are completely consistent with the gender ratio in the population structure of Vietnam in general and Hanoi in particular (Male/Female: 49/51).
- Age structure: 36.6% of respondents are <23 years old, equivalent to 306 people. People from 23-34 years old
accounting for the highest proportion: 44.8% equivalent to 374 people, people aged 35-45 and >45 are 70 and 85 people equivalent to 8.4% and 10.2% respectively. Looking at the results of this survey, we can see that the young people - youth account for a large proportion of the total number of people participating in the survey. Meanwhile, the middle-aged people including two age groups of 35 - 45 and >45 have a low rate of participation in the survey. This is completely consistent with the reality when Mobile Marketing is identified as a Marketing service aimed at young people (people under 35 years old).
- Structure by educational level: among 835 valid responses, 541 respondents had university degrees, accounting for the highest proportion of ~ 75%, 102 had secondary school degrees, ~ 13.1%, and 93 had post-graduate degrees, ~ 11.9%.
- Occupational structure: office workers and civil servants are the group with the highest rate of participation with 39.4%, followed by students with 36.6%. Self-employed people account for 12%, retired housewives are 7.8% and other occupational groups account for 4.2%. The survey results show that the student group has the same rate as the group aged <23 at 36.6%. This shows the accuracy of the survey data. In addition, the survey results distributed by occupational criteria have a rate almost similar to the sample division rate in chapter 3. Therefore, it can be concluded that the survey data is suitable for use in analysis activities.
- Income structure: the group with income from 3 to 5 million has the highest rate with 39% of the total number of respondents. This is consistent with the income structure of Hanoi people and corresponds to the average income of the group of civil servants and office workers. Those
People with no income account for 23%, income under 3 million VND accounts for 13% and income over 5 million VND accounts for 25%.
4.2 Mobile phone usage in Hanoi inner city area
According to the survey results, most respondents said they had used the phone for more than 1 year, specifically: 68.4% used mobile phones from 4 to 10 years, 23.2% used from 1 to 3 years, 7.8% used for more than 10 years. Those who used mobile phones for less than 1 year accounted for only a very small proportion of ~ 0.6%. (Table 4.1)
Table 4.1: Time spent using mobile phones
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Alid
<1 year
5
.6
.6
.6
1-3 years
194
23.2
23.2
23.8
4-10 years
571
68.4
68.4
92.2
>10 years
65
7.8
7.8
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The survey indexes on the time of using mobile phones of consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very impressive for a developing country like Vietnam and also prove that Vietnamese consumers have a lot of experience using this high-tech device. Moreover, with the majority of consumers surveyed having a relatively long time of use (4-10 years), it partly proves that mobile phones have become an important and essential item in people's daily lives.
When asked about the mobile phone network they are using, 31% of respondents said they are using the network of Vietel company, 29% use the network of
of Mobifone company, 27% use Vinaphone company's network and 13% use networks of other providers such as E-VN telecom, S-fone, Beeline, Vietnammobile. (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1: Mobile phone network in use
Compared with the announced market share of mobile telecommunications service providers in Vietnam (Vietel: 36%, Mobifone: 29%, Vinaphone: 28%, the remaining networks: 7%), we see that the survey results do not have many differences. However, the statistics show that there is a difference in the market share of other networks because the Hanoi market is one of the two main markets of small networks, so their market share in this area will certainly be higher than that of the whole country.
According to a report by NielsenMobile (2009) [8], the number of prepaid mobile phone subscribers in Hanoi accounts for 95% of the total number of subscribers, however, the results of this survey show that the percentage of prepaid subscribers has decreased by more than 20%, only at 70.8%. On the contrary, the number of postpaid subscribers tends to increase from 5% in 2009 to 19.2%. Those who are simultaneously using both types of subscriptions account for 10%. (Table 4.2).
Table 4.2: Types of mobile phone subscribers
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Prepay
591
70.8
70.8
70.8
Pay later
160
19.2
19.2
89.9
Both of the above
84
10.1
10.1
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The above figures show the change in the psychology and consumption habits of Vietnamese consumers towards mobile telecommunications services, when the use of prepaid subscriptions and junk SIMs is replaced by the use of two types of subscriptions for different purposes and needs or switching to postpaid subscriptions to enjoy better customer care services.
In addition, the majority of respondents have an average spending level for mobile phone services from 100 to 300 thousand VND (406 ~ 48.6% of total respondents). The high spending level (> 500 thousand VND) is the spending level with the lowest number of people with only 8.4%, on the contrary, the low spending level (under 100 thousand VND) accounts for the second highest proportion among the groups of respondents with 25.4%. People with low spending levels mainly fall into the group of students and retirees/housewives - those who have little need to use or mainly use promotional SIM cards. (Table 4.3).
Table 4.3: Spending on mobile phone charges
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<100,000
212
25.4
25.4
25.4
100-300,000
406
48.6
48.6
74.0
300,000-500,000
147
17.6
17.6
91.6
>500,000
70
8.4
8.4
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The statistics in Table 4.3 are similar to the percentages in the NielsenMobile survey results (2009) with 73% of mobile phone users having medium spending levels and only 13% having high spending levels.
The survey results also showed that up to 31% ~ nearly one-third of respondents said they sent more than 10 SMS messages/day, meaning that on average they sent 1 SMS message for every working hour. Those with an average SMS message volume (from 3 to 10 messages/day) accounted for 51.1% and those with a low SMS message volume (less than 3 messages/day) accounted for 17%. (Table 4.4)
Table 4.4: Number of SMS messages sent per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
142
17.0
17.0
17.0
3-10 news
427
51.1
51.1
68.1
>10 news
266
31.9
31.9
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
Similar to sending messages, those with an average message receiving rate (from 3-10 messages/day) accounted for the highest percentage of ~ 55%, followed by those with a high number of messages (over 10 messages/day) ~ 24% and those with a low number of messages received daily (under 3 messages/day) remained at the bottom with 21%. (Table 4.5)
Table 4.5: Number of SMS messages received per day
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
<3 news
175
21.0
21.0
21.0
3-10 news
436
55.0
55.0
76.0
>10 news
197
24.0
24.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
When comparing the data of the two result tables 4.4 and 4.5, we can see the reasonableness between the ratio of the number of messages sent and the number of messages received daily by the interview participants.
4.3 Current status of SMS advertising and Mobile Marketing
According to the interview results, in the 3 months from the time of the survey and before, 94% of respondents, equivalent to 785 people, said they received advertising messages, while only a very small percentage of 6% (only 50 people) did not receive advertising messages (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6: Percentage of people receiving advertising messages in the last 3 months
Frequency
Ratio (%)
Valid Percentage
Cumulative Percentage
Valid
Have
785
94.0
94.0
94.0
Are not
50
6.0
6.0
100.0
Total
835
100.0
100.0
The results of Table 4.6 show that consumers in the inner city of Hanoi are very familiar with advertising messages. This result is also the basis for assessing the knowledge, experience and understanding of the respondents in the interview. This is also one of the important factors determining the accuracy of the survey results.
In addition, most respondents said they had received promotional messages, but only 24% of them had ever taken the action of registering to receive promotional messages, while 76% of the remaining respondents did not register to receive promotional messages but still received promotional messages every day. This is the first sign indicating the weaknesses and shortcomings of lax management of this activity in Vietnam. (Table 4.7)
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Identify Rating Levels and Rating Scales
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zt2a3gstourism,quan lan,quang ninh,ecology,ecotourism,minh chau,van don,geography,geographical basis,tourism development,science
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of the islanders. Therefore, this indicator will be divided into two sub-indicators:
a1. Natural tourism attractiveness a2. Cultural tourism attractiveness
b. Tourist capacity
The two island communes in Quan Lan have different capacities to receive tourists. Minh Chau Commune is home to many standard hotels and resorts, attracting high-income domestic and international tourists. Meanwhile, Quan Lan Commune has many motels mainly built and operated by local people, so the scale and quality are not high, and will be suitable for ordinary tourists such as students.
c. Time of exploitation of Quan Lan Island Commune:
Quan Lan tourism is seasonal due to weather and climate conditions and festivals only take place on certain days of the year, specifically in spring. In Quan Lan commune, the period from April to June and from September to November is considered the best time to visit Quan Lan because the cultural tourism activities are mainly associated with festivals taking place during this time.
Minh Chau island commune:
Tourism exploitation time is all year round, because this is a place with a number of tourist attractions with diverse ecosystems such as Bai Tu Long National Park Research Center, Tram forest, Turtle Laying Beach, so besides coming to the beach for tourism and vacation in the summer, Minh Chau will attract research groups to come for tourism combined with research at other times of the year.
d. Sustainability
The sustainability of ecotourism sites in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes depends on the sensitivity of the ecosystems to climate changes.
landscape. In general, these tourist destinations have a fairly high level of sustainability, because they are natural ecosystems, planned and protected. However, if a large number of tourists gather at certain times, it can exceed the carrying capacity and affect the sustainability of the environment (polluted beaches, damaged trees, animals moving away from their habitats, etc.), then the sustainability of the above ecosystems (natural ecosystems, human ecosystems) will also be affected and become less sustainable.
e. Location and accessibility
Both island communes have ports to take tourists to visit from Van Don wharf:
- Quan Lan – Van Don traffic route:
Phuc Thinh – Viet Anh high-speed boat and Quang Minh high-speed boat, depart at 8am and 2pm from Van Don to Quan Lan, and at 7am and 1pm from Quan Lan to Van Don. There are also wooden boats departing at 7am and 1pm.
- Van Don - Minh Chau traffic route:
Chung Huong high-speed train, Minh Chau train, morning 7:30 and afternoon 13:30 from Van Don to Minh Chau, morning 6:30 and afternoon 13:00 from Minh Chau to Van Don.
f. Infrastructure
Despite receiving investment attention, the issue of infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism on Quan Lan Island is still an issue that needs to be resolved because it has a direct impact on the implementation of ecotourism activities. The minimum conditions for serving tourists such as accommodation, electricity, water, communication, especially medical services, and security work need to be given top priority. Ecotourism spots in Minh Chau commune are assessed to have better infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism because there are quite complete and synchronous conditions for serving tourists, meeting many needs of domestic and foreign tourists.
3.2.1.4. Determine assessment levels and assessment scales
Corresponding to the levels of each criterion, the index is the score of those levels in the order of 4, 3, 2, 1 decreasing according to the standard of each level: very attractive (4), attractive (3), average (2), less attractive (1).
3.2.1.5. Determining the coefficients of the criteria
For the assessment of DLST in the two communes of Quan Lan and Minh Chau islands, the students added evaluation coefficients to show the importance of the criteria and indicators as follows:
Coefficient 3 with criteria: Attractiveness, Exploitation time. These are the 2 most important criteria for attracting tourists to tourism in general and eco-tourism in particular, so they have the highest coefficient.
Coefficient 2 with criteria: Capacity, Infrastructure, Location and accessibility . Because the assessment area is an island commune of Van Don district, the above criteria are selected by the author with appropriate coefficients at the average level.
Coefficient 1 with criteria: Sustainability. Quan Lan has natural and human-made ecotourism sites, with high biodiversity and little impact from local human factors. Most of the ecotourism sites are still wild, so they are highly sustainable.
3.2.1.6. Results of DLST assessment on Quan Lan island
a. Assessment of the potential for natural tourism development
For Minh Chau commune:
+ Natural tourism attractiveness is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined as average (2 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of Capacity criterion is 2 x 2 = 4.
+ Exploitation time is long (4 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Exploitation time criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is assessed as good (3 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 3 x 2 = 6 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Minh Chau commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 4 + 12 + 4 + 4 + 6 = 42 points
Similar assessment for Quan Lan commune, we have the following table:
Table 3.3: Assessment of the potential for natural ecotourism development in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of self-tourismof course
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
CommuneMinh Chau
12
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
42/52
Quan CommuneLan
6
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
33/52
b. Assessment of the potential for humanistic tourism development
For Quan Lan commune:
+ The attractiveness of human tourism is determined to be very attractive (4 points) and the most important coefficient (coefficient 3), so the score of the Attractiveness criterion is 4 x 3 = 12.
+ Capacity is determined to be large (3 points) and the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Capacity criterion is 3 x 2 = 6.
+ Mining time is average (3 points), the most important coefficient (coefficient 3) so the score of the Mining time criterion is 3 x 3 = 9.
+ Sustainability is determined as sustainable (4 points), the important coefficient is the average coefficient (coefficient 1), so the score of the Sustainability criterion is 4 x 1 = 4 points.
+ Location and accessibility are determined to be quite favorable (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), the criterion score is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
+ Infrastructure is rated as average (2 points), the coefficient is quite important (coefficient 2), then the score of the Infrastructure criterion is 2 x 2 = 4 points.
The total score for evaluating DLST in Quan Lan commune according to 6 evaluation criteria is determined as: 12 + 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 36 points.
Similar assessment with Minh Chau commune we have the following table:
Table 3.4: Assessment of the potential for developing humanistic eco-tourism in Quan Lan and Minh Chau communes
Attractiveness of human tourismliterature
Capacity
Mining time
Sustainability
Location and accessibility
Infrastructure
Result
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Point
DarkMulti
Quan CommuneLan
12
12
6
8
9
12
4
4
4
8
4
8
39/52
Minh CommuneChau
6
12
4
8
12
12
4
4
4
8
6
8
36/52
Basically, both Minh Chau and Quan Lan localities have quite favorable conditions for developing ecotourism. However, Quan Lan commune has more advantages to develop ecotourism in a humanistic direction, because this is an area with many famous historical relics such as Quan Lan Communal House, Quan Lan Pagoda, Temple worshiping the hero Tran Khanh Du, ... along with local festivals held annually such as the wind praying ceremony (March 15), Quan Lan festival (June 10-19); due to its location near the port and long exploitation time, the beaches in Quan Lan commune (especially Quan Lan beach) are no longer hygienic and clean to ensure the needs of tourists coming to relax and swim; this is also an area with many beautiful landscapes such as Got Beo wind pass, Ong Phong head, Voi Voi cave, but the ability to access these places is still very limited (dirt hill road, lots of gravel and rocks), especially during rainy and windy times; In addition, other natural resources such as mangrove forests and sea worms have not been really exploited for tourism purposes and ecotourism development. On the contrary, Minh Chau commune has more advantages in developing ecotourism in the direction of natural tourism, this is an area with diverse ecosystems such as at Rua De Beach, Bai Tu Long National Park Conservation Center...; Minh Chau beach is highly appreciated for its natural beauty and cleanliness, ranked in the top ten most beautiful beaches in Vietnam; Minh Chau commune is also home to Tram forest with a large area and a purity of up to 90%, suitable for building bridges through the forest (a very effective type of natural ecotourism currently applied by many countries) for tourists to sightsee, as well as for the purpose of studying and researching.
Figure 3.1: Thenmala Forest Bridge (India) Source: https://www.thenmalaecotourism.com/(August 21, 2019)
3.2.2. Using SWOT matrix to evaluate Quan Lan island tourism
General assessment of current tourism activities of Quan Lan island is shown through the following SWOT matrix:
Table 3.5: SWOT matrix evaluating tourism activities on Quan Lan island
Internal agent
Strengths- There is a lot of potential for tourism development, especially natural ecotourism and humanistic ecotourism.- The unskilled labor force is relatively abundant.- resource environmentunpolluted, still
Weaknesses- Poorly developed infrastructure, especially traffic routes to tourist destinations on the island.- The team of professional staff is still weak.- Tourism products in general
quite wild, originalintact
general and DLST in particularalone is monotonous.
External agents
Opportunity- Tourism is a key industry in the socio-economic development strategy of the province and Van Don economic zone.- Quan Lan was selected as a pilot area for eco-tourism development within the framework of the green growth project between Quang Ninh province and the Japanese organization JICA.- The flow of tourists and especially ecotourism in the world tends toincreasing
Challenge- Weather and climate change abnormally.- Competition in tourism products is increasingly fierce, especially with other localities in the province such as Ha Long, Mong Cai...- Awareness of tourists, especially domestic tourists, about ecotourism and nature conservation is not high.
Through summary analysis using SWOT matrix we see that:
To exploit strengths and take advantage of opportunities, it is necessary to:
- Diversify products and service types (build more tourism routes aimed at specific needs of tourists: experiential tourism immersed in nature, spiritual cultural tourism...)
- Effective exploitation of resources and differentiated products (natural resources and human resources)
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Current Status of Forestry Land Use in An Tinh Commune
(Source: Son La City People's Committee 2016)
In the total natural area of 32,351.45 hectares, according to the calculation results on the soil map at a scale of 1/100,000 of Son La province, it shows that in Son La city there are the following main types of soil:
Red-yellow soil on clay (Fsx) with an area of about 4,565.8ha. Light yellow soil on clay (Fqx) with an area of about 12,774.1ha. Red-brown soil on limestone (Fvh) with an area of about 5,197.9ha.
Reddish brown soil on neutral igneous rock (Fkx) area of about 3,853.3ha. Yellowish red soil on metamorphic rock (Fj) area of about 1,726.0ha.
Red-yellow ferralitic humus soil on metamorphic rock (FHj) area 3,692.8ha. Ferralitic humus soil on mountains (FHa) area about 682.36ha.
b. Water resources
Water for production and daily life of people in the city is taken from two sources:
- Surface water sources: The current water surface area is about 161.68 ha, accounting for 3.48% of the natural area of the City, including: Nam La stream, Bo Ho stream, Bung Bong stream, Nam Pan stream, regulating lakes... However, most of the water surface of the streams are lower than the level of cultivated land and residential areas, which significantly limits the ability to exploit and use for production and life. Currently, the Ban Mong irrigation project invested by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is under construction with a lake with a capacity of nearly 8 million m3 of water in the Nam La stream source area. The completed project will improve the ecological environment, combine tourism development, create a source of industrial and domestic water with a flow of 27,500 m3/day and night, providing irrigation water for 947.0 ha of agricultural land.
- Groundwater source: Although there are no official survey results, the actual exploration and exploitation of the Urban Water Supply Company in the Chieng Sinh area shows that the city's groundwater is unevenly distributed, the water level is low, and exploitation is difficult. Groundwater exists mainly in two forms: 1/ Groundwater contained in rock cracks; 2/ Kaster groundwater.
c. Mineral resources
The city has a mountainous terrain divided by streams, complex geological structure, minerals here have been investigated and researched in many areas at different levels but not fully. In the coming years, there needs to be more specific research and exploration of this resource to have an effective investment and exploitation plan. Currently, in the city, there are a number of mines such as: Original gold in Cam village, Hua La commune; cement clay in Chieng Sinh ward, with a reserve of 110,000 tons; brick and tile clay in Ban Dun, Chieng Ngan commune; Chieng Sinh cement limestone; and limestone in Hom village, Chieng Co commune.
3.1.2 Socio-economic conditions
According to the report on the socio-economic situation, national defense and security in 2019, the socio-economic development plan in 2020.
The city's economy continued to maintain growth, with production value in 2019 (2010 comparable prices) estimated at VND 11,469 billion, up 13.51% over 2018; of which: agriculture, forestry and fishery (comparable prices) was estimated at VND 1,098 billion, up 4.97%; industry - construction (comparable prices) was estimated at VND 5,211 billion, up 12.74%; service sector (comparable prices) was estimated at VND 5,160 billion, up 16.32%.
The economic structure continued to shift in the right direction, in which the service sector (current price) was estimated at VND 7,903 billion, accounting for 47.78%; the industry and construction sector (current price) was estimated at VND 7,129 billion, accounting for 43.1%; the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector (current price) was estimated at VND 1,509 billion, accounting for 9.12% (compared to 2018, the proportion of the service sector increased by 1.18%, the proportion of the industry and construction sector decreased by 0.37%, the proportion of the agriculture, forestry and fishery sector decreased by 0.81%). The estimated balanced budget revenue in the area is 460,379 billion VND, equal to 91.2% of the provincial estimate, 88.5% of the city People's Council estimate, equal to 98.1% over the same period in 2018. - Total production value is estimated at 20,821 billion VND, reaching 100.2% of the plan, up 11.7% over the same period.
- Economic structure: Industry - services - agriculture are respectively: 43.1% - 47.78% - 9.12%.
Service Industry
Agriculture
Chart 3.1: Economic structure of Son La city in 2019
3.1.2.1 About trade - Services
Trade and service activities were maintained and stabilized, the market of goods and services met the production activities and people's lives. Total retail sales of goods and services were estimated at VND 9,717 billion, equal to 100.1% of the plan, up 9.91% compared to 2018, of which: the state economy accounted for 12.41%, the collective and individual economy accounted for 32.36%, the private economy accounted for 55.23%. Types of transportation services continued to develop, meeting the needs of the people, transportation revenue (goods, passengers) was estimated at VND 1,096 billion, up 17.01% compared to 2018.
3.1.2.2. On industrial production and construction
Construction investment activities in 2019 in the area continued to develop, with total social investment capital estimated at 6,229 billion VND, equal to 100.14% of the plan, up 11.2% compared to 2018. Industrial and handicraft production establishments have actively accelerated progress, improved productivity and quality, created products to serve production and consumption of local people, compared to 2018, 21/23 products increased production volume.
3.1.2.3. Agricultural, forestry and fishery production
a) Agriculture
Agricultural activities continue to shift positively towards commodity production, improving the quality and competitiveness of products, focusing on brand building and applying safety standards. Conduct surveys and assessments of production and business scale, support the development of high-tech agriculture for 05 safe agricultural cooperatives (for mango, longan, plum, tangerine, passion fruit, hydroponic vegetables and coffee products). Complete the construction and development of 04 safe food chains (safe vegetables, honey, coffee, pork) in the city (an increase of 02 chains compared to 2018). Support the introduction of the city's key agricultural products to participate in trade promotion programs (at Vinmart, BigC supermarket systems...). Deploy and implement the One Commune One Product (OCOP) Program to increase the economic value of agricultural products associated with rural economic development. Quality management and food safety assurance in agricultural, forestry and fishery production are implemented synchronously.
The total annual crop area reached 3,812 hectares, down 4.75% (190 hectares) compared to 2018, of which the area of some main crops included: 840 hectares of rice, down 2.02% (17 hectares); 2,330 hectares of corn, down 3.72% (90 hectares), 500 hectares of various vegetables and beans, up 5.66% (20 hectares) (of which the area of high-tech vegetable cultivation was 12.5 hectares); 57 hectares of starchy root crops, up 18.82% (9 hectares); 89.1 hectares of flowers and ornamental plants, up 15.2% (11.8 hectares); 77 hectares of oilseed crops, down 48.6% (73 hectares). As of November 15, the whole city had harvested
4,389 tons of rice (average yield of 5.25 tons/ha); 9,700 tons of corn (average yield of 4.16 tons/ha); 10,275 tons of vegetables (of which high-tech vegetable output reached about 315 tons, average value of specialized vegetables reached about 120 - 150 million VND/ha/year).
The total area of perennial trees is estimated at 9,123.8 hectares, up 2.9% (258.6 hectares) compared to 2018, of which: fruit tree area is 4,239.8 hectares, up 6.5% (258.6 hectares); coffee is 4,884 hectares (the same area as in 2018). The total output of fruit trees harvested in the year is estimated at 27,031 tons of all kinds of fruit, equal to 107.8% of the 2019 plan, up 22.4% compared to 2018.
Livestock development is stable, the total herd of livestock and poultry in the year is estimated at about 538.92 thousand heads, down 13.46% compared to 2018, equal to 115.6% compared to the plan for 2019. Strengthening animal quarantine and controlling the transportation, trading, and slaughter of livestock and poultry. As of November 15, 2019, African swine fever has appeared in 26 groups and villages in 9 communes and wards; of which 23/26 outbreaks (6/9 communes and wards) have not had any new cases of infection for more than 30 days; the total number of pigs culled is 657 (weighing 37.2 tons); the situation of African swine fever in the city is basically under control. Directing the implementation of disease control measures and supporting households whose pigs were forced to be destroyed due to African swine fever with an amount of more than 720 million VND.
b) Forestry
Forest management, protection and development work has been actively implemented, maintaining the protection and prevention of forest fires. Organizing and launching the planting of 60,270 scattered trees on the occasion of the Lunar New Year 2019 and the 129th anniversary of President Ho Chi Minh's birthday (planting on traffic routes and school campuses in Son La city in 2019). Continuing to carry out well the work of caring for and protecting protective forest land, the forest cover rate in 2019 reached 33.5%, achieving the set plan. Organizing 71 propaganda sessions in communes and villages with 6,115 participants on forest fire prevention, guiding people to produce swidden fields according to the prescribed boundaries. In 2019, there was 01 forest fire with an area of 0.45 ha of forest (forest damage level 25%); detecting and handling
22 cases of illegal deforestation, damaged forest area 20,609 m2 , administrative fine 434 million VND.
3.1.2.4. Education and training work
Directing the improvement of teaching and learning quality; maintaining and improving the quality of universal education standards at all levels and grades. Organizing competitions and exams, motivating teachers and students to compete in teaching and learning well. Organizing surveys and testing the capacity of primary and secondary school teachers in the 2018-2019 school year, the results were 401/412 teachers (97.3% achievement rate) at primary level and 252/274 teachers (91.97% achievement rate) at secondary level met the requirements.
3.1.2.5. Medical work
Directing the improvement of the quality of primary health care for people; implementing well measures to prevent and control epidemics, ensuring food hygiene and safety; propagating and mobilizing people to participate in health insurance. During the year, there were no major epidemics in the city. Effectively implementing expanded immunization programs, preventing some dangerous diseases for the community, taking care of reproductive health and improving nutrition for children. Strengthening state management of private medical practice and food safety. Deploying a model of food safety control points in Mong village hot spring tourist area and Hoang Quoc Viet food street, Son La city for the period 2018-2020. Paying attention to allocating resources to invest in infrastructure of the city's medical center and commune and ward health stations; The province recognized 3 more communes and wards (Chieng Ngan commune, Quyet Thang ward, Chieng An ward) as meeting the National criteria for health. Thus, by 2019, 12/12 communes and wards of the city had met the National criteria for health.
3.1.3. General assessment of natural conditions
a. Advantages
- Favorable weather conditions, rich vegetation suitable for people's life. The city is the central urban area of the province, in the process of