Current Status of Forestry Land Use in An Tinh Commune

Thus, according to the above planning, it shows that the planning for the commune's forestry land is not clear in terms of area, location and species of plants. This is one of the bases we need to pay attention to for the future forest protection and development planning.

4.2.3 Current status of forestry land use in An Tinh commune

4.2.3.1 General natural characteristics of current forestry land

According to the survey results in June 2008, the forestry land area is 1661.82 ha, accounting for 74.43% of the total natural area, including 637.82 ha of production forest land and 1024.00 ha of special-use natural forest area. The main tree group includes many species of trees, mainly newly regenerated young forests and mixed bamboo forests. Production forests and special-use forests of An Tinh commune are mainly located in the buffer zone of Kim Hy nature reserve, concentrated in 2 sub-areas 188 and 194.

Table 4.14: Current status of agricultural and forestry land use in An Tinh commune in 2008

Unit: ha

Soil type	Code	Area (ha)	Structure (%)
1	2	3	4	5
	Total natural land area		2232.70	100
	Agricultural land	NNP	1826.29	81.80
1	Agricultural land	Production	161.41	7.23
1.1	Annual crop land	CHN	147.41	6.60
1.1.1	Rice land	LUA	77.10	3.45
1.1.2	Other annual crop land	HNK	70.31	3.15
1.2	Land for perennial crops	CLN	14	0.63
2	Forest land	LNP	1661.82	74.43
2.1	Production forest land	RSX	637.82	28.57
2.1.1	Land with natural production forest	RSN	577.48	25.86
2.1.2	Land with production forests	RST	26.44	1.18
2.1.3	Land for production forestry	RSM	33.90	1.52
2.2	Protective forest land	RPH
2.3	Special use forest land	RDD	1024	45.86
2.3.1	Land with special natural forests	RDN	1024	45.86
	Non-agricultural land	PNN	60.43	2.71
	Unused land	CSD	345.98	15.50

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4.2.3.2 Assessment of crop suitability

Through investigation in An Tinh commune, it shows that there are currently 3 models in the commune.

The main forestry land use forms occupy a relatively large area:

+ Model of natural forest protection and conservation

+ Star Anise Planting Model

+ Hybrid Acacia planting model

Table 4.15: Forestry land use model in An Tinh commune

Model Name	Area (ha)
1	2	3
1	Natural forests are protected and maintained.	577.48
2	Anise	3
3	Hybrid Acacia	8

With an area of 26.44 hectares of land with production forests, in addition to the area for growing star anise (3 hectares) and acacia (8 hectares), the remaining area is for growing some fruit trees, mixed bamboo...

* The natural forest model is mainly newly regenerated young forest with many species of trees such as acacia, fat, sau sau, xoan ta... and mixed bamboo forest. All areas are located in sub-area 194 on the map.

* Star anise planting model:

With the policy of supporting people in economic development while at the same time aiming to develop and increase forest cover, based on the characteristics of land, climate... of the locality, which showed that it was suitable for star anise to grow well, in 2005, the state supported the people of An Tinh commune to plant 3 hectares of star anise.

Biological and ecological characteristics and value of star anise:

It is a small tree, 8-14m high, 15-30cm in diameter, with light brown bark and thin, cracked scales. It is a relatively slow-growing tree. There are two fruit crops a year, the winter crop flowers in February-March and the fruit ripens in August-October, the summer crop flowers in August-September and the fruit ripens in February-March of the following year. The tree starts to flower when it is 7-8 years old. Star anise is a drought-resistant tree.

shade, when young need >50% cover. Grows well on sandy soil with slightly acidic, moist soil layer.

and drainage.

Star anise is a valuable local specialty, the leaves, seeds, and fruit peel contain a lot of aromatic essential oils. Star anise essential oil can be used as medicine and flavoring with high export value. The wood is pinkish brown, the annual rings are not clear, the wood grain is smooth and even, and is resistant to termites, so it can be used to make household items.

- Acacia planting model:

With the characteristics of growing and developing quickly on many types of soil, easy to plant, fast growing, early canopy closing, has the effect of covering and improving the soil. Loves light, can live in places with an average annual temperature of 26 - 30 0 C, rainfall of 1000 - 1750mm, 5 - 6 dry months in a year. The tree can withstand poor soil, can live on soil lacking O2 , heavy soil and even sandy soil. Acacia has the ability to regenerate seeds and shoots well. From there, it can be harvested early, quickly recover capital, and at the same time has high economic value... That is why many families in An Tinh commune choose acacia as a tree species to grow forestry.

To evaluate the suitability of crop species, we use the PRA method (with people's participation). According to this method, we conduct analyses and discussions on a number of key indicators such as resistance to pests and diseases, soil improvement ability, economic value, suitability to local conditions... The summary of analysis results is presented in the following table:

Table 4.16: Summary of evaluation results of forest models in An Tinh commune

Plant species Criteria	Natural forest	Recall	Hybrid glue	Bamboo mixed
1	2	3	4	5	6
1	Local conditions	7	9	10	10
2	Easy to find seeds	6	7	10	10
3	Easy to grow	6	8	9	10
4	Fast Harvest	6	7	8	9
5	High selling price	7	10	9	6
6	High economic value	7	10	9	6
7	No pests	6	9	9	8
8	Stability	6	9	8	9
9	Soil improvement	7	7	9	6
10	Easy to consume	8	10	10	9
	Total score	66	86	91	83
	Order of priority	4	2	1	3

The summary results in Table 4.16 show the suitability of forest models that will be planted by people in the future in the following order of priority: Acacia hybrid, anise, bamboo, natural forest.

4.2.3.3 Analysis of some models of forestry land use

Conducting analysis and evaluation of current forestry land use models in the area to grasp the current status of forestry land use, predicting economic efficiency as well as social efficiency, and overall efficiency is the basis and basis in the process of planning for forest protection and development at the commune level. These are also important bases for the commune-level forest protection and development planning to be close to the actual situation in the locality.

* Evaluate the economic efficiency of the models

To estimate costs and income for some models and topics based on the following:

following basis:

- Based on the system of economic and technical indicators and norms in Decision 38/2005/QD-BNN of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development dated July 6, 2005 applicable to a number of current tree species.

- Based on technical and economic standards applied to some types of trees.

Bac Kan Forestry Department.

- Based on the results of a survey of some economic models in the area on prices

including labor and agricultural and forestry material costs at present.

The production cycle of the business model of the natural forest protection and clear-cutting model at the end of the cycle is 35 years, the anise tree model is 10 years, the hybrid acacia tree model is 8 years. The calculation of the model construction cost includes: Design cost, labor cost, material cost, bank interest rate (for models with interest rate).

+ Construction cost results for 01 hectare in natural forest model as follows:

after:

Investment in construction and protection of the model for 35 years is 12,110,000, of which:

Material cost is 3,200,000 VND, labor cost is 8,900,000 VND. (table)

+ The result of cost construction for 01 hectare in the star anise planting model is:

The total cost for building and protecting the model is 11,766,335 VND, of which labor cost is 8,339,814 VND, material cost is 1,245,000 VND, and 10% management cost is 2,181,521 VND.

+ The results of the construction cost for 01 hectare in the hybrid acacia model are:

The total cost for building and protecting the model is 14,306,218 VND, of which labor cost is 9,013,262 VND, material cost is 3,595,300 VND, and 10% management cost is 1,697,656 VND.

Table 4.17: Cost of building economic models using forestry land in An Tinh commune.

Unit: VND/ha

Model	Expense	Average cost/year
1	2	3	4
1	Natural forest	12110000	346000
	Labor	8900000
	Other costs	3210000
2	Recall	11766335	1176633
	Labor	8339814
	Material costs	1245000
	Management fee 10%	2181521
3	Hybrid glue	14306218	1788277
	Labor	9013262
	Material costs	3595300
	Management fee 10%	1697656

Through table 4.17, it can be seen that the average cost/year of the hybrid acacia model is the highest (1788277 VND/ha), slightly lower is the star anise model (1176633 VND/ha) and the lowest is the natural forest model (346000 VND/ha).

To see more clearly the effectiveness of the models, we can rely on economic efficiency. Economic efficiency is assessed through the costs and income of the models and we use the dynamic evaluation method that takes into account the fluctuations in the value of money over time. At the same time, here we calculate the economic efficiency of the models under normal conditions; other impacts affecting the economic efficiency of the models have not been eliminated.

Economic indicators used to evaluate economic efficiency include: Current profit value indicator NPV; internal rate of return IRR; income to cost ratio BCR. The results of calculating economic indicators are shown as follows:

Table 4.18: Indicators for evaluating the economic efficiency of the forestry land use model in An Tinh commune.

Target	Natural forest	Recall	Hybrid glue
1	2	3	4	5
1	NPV	6709.9	65749825	27072622
2	IRR	24.3%	56%	44%
3	BCR	2.4	8.42	3.29

Looking at the results table above shows:

The lowest NPV index is in natural forests, the highest in the Islamic model, and the next

The following is a hybrid glue model.

The natural forest model has a very low return on investment (BCR) of only (2.4). If you invest 1 VND in the natural forest model, you will only get 2.4 VND. The model with the highest BCR return if you invest 1 VND, you will get 8.42 VND. Next is the hybrid acacia model. If you invest 1 VND, you will get 3.29 VND.

The results of calculating the internal rate of return (IRR) show that the natural forest model is the lowest at only 24.3%; followed by the hybrid acacia model (44%) and the highest is still the restoration model (56%).

Thus, through comparison of economic indicators, it can be seen that based on all three indicators, the natural forest model has the lowest economic efficiency, followed by the hybrid acacia planting model, and the highest is the anise planting model.

* Assessing the social effectiveness of the models

Due to many reasons, the project only evaluates the social efficiency of the models through a number of indicators such as the ability to attract labor and the investment level per unit area.

Table 4.19: Social effectiveness assessment of models

Social indicators	Labor cost (work)	Investment (VND)
1	2	3	4
	Natural forest (35 years)
1	Total	356	12110000
	Average/year	10	346000
	Back (10 years)
2	Total	736	11766335
	Average/year	74	1176633
	Hybrid glue (8 years)
3	Total Average/year	2132 267	14306218 1788277

The results in Table 4.19 show that the natural forest model has the lowest labor attraction capacity, 10 workers/year; followed by the anise planting model with 74 workers.

/year, the hybrid acacia planting model attracts the highest labor force of 267 workers/year. In terms of investment value per unit area, the natural forest model also has the lowest investment level, followed by the anise planting model, the hybrid acacia model has the highest investment level of 1,788,277 VND/ha/year.

4.2.4 Assessment of current land use status in 2008 compared to planning

According to the results of the field investigation, the current status of forestry land use compared to the planning, although only less than two years old, has a difference in both the planning area and the scale of land use models. The investigation results are shown in Table 4.21 below:

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