State management of emulation and rewards in the health sector

The research results of the thesis also contribute to providing scientific bases and foundations for perfecting the state management of emulation and rewards of the Ministry of Health and helping to enhance the effectiveness of implementing emulation and rewards at units under and directly under the Ministry of Health.

7. Structure of the Thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references and appendix, the main content of the Thesis includes 03 chapters:

Chapter 1. Theoretical and legal issues of state management of emulation and rewards.

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Chapter 2. Current status of state management of emulation and rewards in the health sector.

Chapter 3. Viewpoints and solutions to strengthen state management of emulation and rewards in the health sector at present.

Chapter 1

THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF EMULATION AND COMMENDATION

1.1. Emulation, rewards and the need for state management of emulation and rewards

1.1.1. Concept, role and effect of emulation and rewards

1.1.1.1. Concept of emulation and the role and effects of emulation

Researching theoretical issues, some opinions say that emulation is competition, others affirm that emulation is not entirely competition. Competition includes both positive and negative meanings, in which emulation is the positive result arising in the process of human labor production.

When studying competition, C. Marx argued that although it causes many negative consequences, competition is a driving force for development in the capitalist regime. Because "for labor, competition is as important as division of labor... It is necessary for the establishment of equality". Sharing the same view with C. Marx, F. Engels pointed out that the root of competition is the private ownership regime, which also means that in the transition period to socialism, when the capitalist economic component still exists, competition still exists along with the emergence of competition. Competition has many negative effects, but it is impossible to eliminate competition by command. While competition still exists, it is necessary to build a new regime with a new driving force - that is competition.

In the socialist regime, competition inevitably arises, gradually replacing competition. C. Marx highly values the role of cooperation in labor, because it creates a collective strength greater than the combined strength of each individual worker. Competition is born in the process of labor cooperation, in the common and planned activities of modern production. Social contact has created competition.

and increase the productivity of workers. The basic views of C. Marx and F. Engels on competition and emulation have laid the ideological foundation for organizing emulation in building a socialist-oriented market economy and in the future socialist regime.

It can be said that C.Marx was the first person to scientifically study the nature and content of emulation. Based on the fundamental views of C.Marx and F.Engels on emulation, Lenin studied and put forward basic views and ideas on socialist emulation, which is a voluntary movement, contributing to solving difficulties, building a new society of the working masses liberated from oppression and exploitation. Lenin pointed out that emulation is spontaneous in the process of labor cooperation with "social contact" of people, which will change the quality of the socialist regime. Emulation and competition are the driving force of economic development, but emulation is superior to competition in its humanity for the comprehensive development of society and people.

Creatively applying the viewpoints of Marxism-Leninism, President Ho Chi Minh raised the concept of emulation to the level of ideology, political line and revolutionary method. He considered organizing patriotic emulation as the best way to arouse the latent patriotism in every Vietnamese citizen, turning it into strength, into a driving force to promote socio-economic development as well as in defending the Fatherland. Emulation is to bring together all talents and strength to promote each other, to achieve the best results in combat, production, work and study. Daily work is the foundation of emulation, emulation is also a practical and positive way of patriotism.

Therefore, competition is an objective phenomenon, an inevitable law of development in the process of human labor cooperation. And where there is labor cooperation, competition arises.

Under the socialist regime in Vietnam, emulation is always associated with patriotism. Because emulation is a collective movement of workers, farmers and intellectuals. They compete in labor production and follow the principles of solidarity, cooperation for mutual development, dissemination of initiatives and experiences; progressive people help backward people to achieve common progress. Completely different from trade secrets in competition. Socialist emulation not only aims at economic goals but also aims to build new people, train noble personalities for workers. Emulation is an organized activity with the voluntary participation of individuals and collectives to strive for the best results in building and defending the Fatherland. According to President Ho Chi Minh: "Emulation is a very good, very practical way to make everyone progress. Emulation helps to unite more closely and unite closely to compete forever".

In the current period of innovation and market mechanism, Clause 1, Article 3 of the 2003 Law on Emulation and Commendation stipulates: "Emulation is an organized activity with the voluntary participation of individuals and collectives to strive for the best results in building and defending the Fatherland".

1.1.1.2. Concept, role and effect of rewards

In history, rewards were born and existed for quite a long time, closely associated with the rewards and punishments of the state. In feudal times, rewards were mentioned in a variety of ways. There were many forms of rewards applied by the feudal court such as: "Rewarding people who have contributed to the war; Rewarding people who have contributed to the diplomatic mission; Rewarding people who have assisted with meritorious deeds and virtue; Rewarding people who recommend and are talented; Rewarding people who have correct reports; Rewarding subordinates who follow the rules of public service, not showing respect to the powerful and superiors; Rewarding people who have contributed to irrigation; Rewarding people who are talented in literature; Rewarding the elderly..."  33, p.461  . Rewards

During the feudal period, the state applied recognition of the achievements of individuals who contributed to the court and the country. Therefore, rewarding achievements is to promote the deep patriotism of our people.

Rewards in feudal times were also considered a measure of a state's development. According to Nguyen Trai: "A state that rewards and punishes strictly and promptly is a strong state. A state that punishes more than rewards is a declining state. A state that rewards more than punishes is a prosperous state" [33, p.131].

When the country gained independence and established the government, on January 26, 1946, as President of the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, President Ho Chi Minh announced a National Order stipulating 10 points of reward and 10 points of punishment to let "the army and people know clearly what crimes to avoid and what to do". This proves that Uncle Ho paid great attention to rewards and above all, he recognized the importance of rewards in the cause of building and defending the country. President Ho Chi Minh also issued the directive "Rewards for achievements, punishment for mistakes, rewards must have the effect of educating, motivating, setting an example..." [46, p.381], so rewards are also a policy of the state to recognize and honor individuals and groups with achievements in the cause of building and defending the Fatherland.

Accordingly, praise is a positive assessment of a person; an organization, something, something with a positive, satisfying meaning. Reward is a gift in kind or money... Reward is a form of recognition of the State's merits and achievements by a decision of a competent authority as prescribed by law. Thus, reward is an issue in the category of social sciences. Rewards and punishments are formed, arise and exist in the process of human development, which is an issue of social psychology and spiritual life.

The spirit of man, therefore, rewards must reflect the public opinion, and there must be a high sense of responsibility in the process of discovering and considering rewards. Rewards exist with the existence of the State. As long as there is a State, there will still be rewards, which have both spiritual and material motivational meanings.

At present, rewards still have their meaning and value, which is one of the state management tools. The state wants to carry out management work in any field, it cannot lack rewards. Rewards are the realization of the Party's guidelines, policies, the state's laws, the implementation of political tasks of localities, agencies, and units; it is a basic measure to evaluate work results and achievements.

Reward can be understood as the decision of a competent state agency to evaluate the outstanding achievements in work of an individual or organization in a certain form (spiritual, material, etc.) in accordance with the requirements of a specific historical context and period.

According to Clause 2, Article 3 of the 2003 Law on Emulation and Commendation, "Commendation is the recognition, praise, honor of achievements and encouragement with material benefits for individuals and collectives with achievements in building and defending the Fatherland . "

1.1.1.3. The relationship between competition and rewards

Emulation and rewards are two activities that are closely related and interact with each other. If there is emulation, there will be rewards and vice versa, rewards will encourage the development of the emulation movement. President Ho Chi Minh emphasized that emulation must be appropriately associated with rewards; Rewards must have the effect of motivating, educating and setting examples; He summarized the nature of the relationship between emulation and rewards as: "Emulation is sowing, Reward is harvesting" [37, p.264] . According to Uncle Ho, emulation is a spontaneous action.

Voluntary, self-aware, is the whole process of striving, studying and working, dedicating one's efforts to the cause of building and defending the country. Reward is when we reap the results that the whole process of striving has achieved; reward is the function of the management organization to recognize, praise, encourage, and honor the contributions of groups and individuals for the achievements that have been achieved.

Emulation is the basis for rewards. Good emulation will have many achievements to reward. Correct, public and strict emulation voting will help reward accurately. Wide emulation voting, being considerate will lead to widespread rewards, and incorrect rewards will be counterproductive. To do a good job of rewarding, we must lead the emulation movement well, and rewards must accurately reflect the emulation movement. Where there is a strong and widespread emulation movement, there will be many rewards and high praise.

If emulation is the basis for reward, then reward is considered a lever to encourage the development of emulation movements. However, it should not be understood that emulation is only for the purpose of reward. If emulation is only for the purpose of reward, the purpose of emulation will be limited. It is necessary to understand that reward is only encouragement and spiritual motivation for the achievements of individuals and collectives through the process of striving, working and creating. That is the fairness of the organization in managing people, for individuals who have made many contributions to society. In the view of emulation and reward, Uncle Ho pointed out that " emulation and reward are political motivation, ideological education, building new socialist people, all are the driving force for developing society in a better direction ".

At the same time, if we want competition and rewards to become positive driving forces in the development process, competition must have the right leadership. Competition that

Without leadership and organization, division, jealousy, and hatred often arise, which can discourage those participating in the competition. Avoid the phenomenon of individuals and groups participating in the competition being divided, only caring about their own interests without caring about the interests of others or the interests of the group. Avoid the idea of individual heroism and personal achievement.

Thus, emulation and reward are two activities that go hand in hand but are not independent, one activity complements the other. Emulation and reward are closely related, and have a dialectical impact on each other. If emulation is the cause, then reward is the result. Emulation and reward are considered the driving force to improve quality and efficiency in all political, economic, cultural and social fields. It can be affirmed that, in the current period, emulation is an effective measure to build new people and reward is a measure to manage the State and people.

1.1.2. The need for state management of emulation and rewards

In fact, emulation and rewards appear in all sectors and fields in society. Therefore, state management of emulation and rewards is necessary. Because:

- Emulation and rewards are a broad field of activity that attracts all classes of people through emulation movements; Emulation and rewards can mobilize many organizations in the political system to participate in movements, thereby promoting the internal strength of each individual, each collective, and locality in the country, creating a driving force to promote socio-economic development.

- Emulation is a widespread activity in all economic, cultural, social fields, sectors, and levels, very diverse and rich, at the same time the goals, forms, and measures of emulation need to be constantly changed to suit socio-economic development.

State management of emulation and rewards in the health sector - 2

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