Results of Implementing the Care and Feeding Process for Pigs Raised at the Farm

4.2. Results of the project implementation

4.2.1. Results of implementing the care and feeding process for pigs raised at the farm

4.2.1.1. Results of care and feeding for pigs raised at the farm

Care and feeding are indispensable processes of any livestock farm. Therefore, during my internship at the farm, I often participated in the work of feeding and caring for the pigs at the farm. I learned and expanded my knowledge a lot about feeding methods, what food is for which types of pigs, technical operations to take good care of sows... The results of the number of sows I directly cared for and raised during my internship at the farm are presented in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2. Number of pigs directly cared for and raised

(Unit: child)

Month

Sow, nursing sow	Piglets follow their mother
6	60	667
7	58	672
8	60	675
9	60	653
10	60	648
11	57	650
Total	355	3965

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The number of pregnant sows that I take care of is 355, these are pregnant sows in the final stage of about 100 - 110 days, have been transferred to the farrowing pen to wait for birth and get used to the farrowing pen. When the pigs are transferred to the farrowing pen, the sow tag is attached to each feed board at the beginning of the pen, recording the expected birth date, and the feed board for easy feeding and preparation for birth. When taking care of pregnant sows in the 2 weeks before giving birth, it is necessary to pay attention to the food ration of each pig, when feeding the feed

Pigs must look at the bran table of each pig, if fed too much or too little, it will affect the fetus. Therefore, it is necessary to feed sows and piglets on time and with the right amount of nutritional food according to regulations. Sows giving birth and nursing piglets are fed 3 times/day (breakfast, afternoon and evening), pregnant pigs are fed 2 times/day in the morning and afternoon.

Caring for farrowing sows is one of the important tasks for farrowing pens as well as farm production. After the piglets are weaned, the farrowing sows will be moved to the maternity pen to continue mating. The specific implementation results are presented in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3. Results of implementing the pig care and feeding process

Job	Quantity to be made (number of times)	Amount of work done (number of times)	Completion rate compared to tasks assigned deliver (%)
1	Feed the pigs daily	312	312	100
2	Care of farrowing sows	355	355	100
3	Move the pig down weaning pen	6	6	100

During my internship at the farrowing pen, I also participated in the work of transferring piglets to the weaning pen. Usually, piglets at the farm will be weaned after 21 days and raised for another 2-3 days before being transferred to the weaning pen. Before transferring the pigs, the farm engineer will mark the healthy and qualified pigs with blue ink for the convenience of the workers when catching them. The workers will catch the marked pigs and release them into the corridor along the pre-prepared path to the weaning pen. The transfer of piglets is done on average once a month, so in the 6 months of working at the farrowing pen, I participated in 6 times (100%).

* Daily tasks I did during the 6-month internship:

+ Receive shift: check pigs and check fans and light bulbs. Check temperature at the front of the pen (suitable temperature at the front of the pen is 27 o C).

+ Turn over the trough, clean it and feed the sows according to their ration. Feed pregnant sows 2 meals/day, nursing sows 3 meals/day. Add bran to pigs that refuse to eat.

+ Clean the trough and feed the piglets.

+ Sprinkle lime, sweep 3 corridors, end of the cage.

+ Assisting sows in giving birth: Wipe the udder (if dirty), wipe the buttocks, wipe the floor: 2 brooms, 1 broom to wipe the normal pig pen, 1 broom to wipe the pig pen with diarrhea.

+ Give piglets medicine to prevent coccidiosis when they are 3 days old.

+ Iron injection when 1 - 2 days old.

+ Change the disinfectant once a day at 6:30 or 7:00 a.m.

+ Inject antibiotics for sows that have just given birth (inject continuously for 3 days) in the morning.

+ Treatment of mastitis, metritis and paralysis in sows.

+ Count piglets and record in the logbook at the end of the day.

+ Adjust the food table data at the end of the day.

- Weekly work:

+ Monday: Move sows from the gestation pen to the farrowing pen.

+ Tuesday: Weaning piglets (week 3), moving piglets from the farrowing pen to the weaning pen

+ Wednesday: Spray disinfectant around the farm

+ Thursday: Spray disinfectant in the barn, inject Vetri LA into the whole herd for piglets (week 2).

+ Friday: Spray disinfectant around the farm

+ Saturday: Vaccination (3-week-old cage), disinfection spray in cage

+ Sunday: General cleaning of barns, lime and caustic soda removal.

4.2.1.2. Results of performing some technical operations on piglets at the farm

During my internship at the farm, I not only took part in caring for and raising pigs, but also learned and performed some operations on piglets such as delivering pigs, administering coccidiosis vaccine, castrating male pigs, etc. The results are presented in Table 4.4.

Table 4.4. Results of performing some technical operations on piglets

STT

Job	Quantity (child)	Perform (child)	Proportion (%)	Safe (%)
1	Assisting sows in giving birth	355	120	33.80	100
2	Fe injection	3965	1822	45.95	100
3	Small bridge vaccine duplicate	3965	1822	45.95	100
4	Castrate male pigs	1923	982	51.06	100

Through table 4.3, it can be seen that during the internship in the farrowing pen, I performed the procedures on the piglets and achieved high efficiency.

I have delivered 120 sows safely and technically, achieving a 100% safety rate.

I have injected iron into 1822 piglets, achieving a 100% safety rate. I have administered coccidia drops to 1822 piglets, achieving a 100% safety rate.

I participated in castrating 982 male pigs and achieved 100% safety.

4.2.2. Results of implementing disease prevention procedures for pigs

4.2.2.1. Disease prevention by sanitation and disinfection at the farm

In disease prevention measures, disinfection to ensure barn hygiene and destroy pathogens is one of the effective measures and is carried out in all livestock farms. Sanitation in livestock farming is one of the very important steps. If sanitation is done well, livestock will be less susceptible to disease, grow and develop well, veterinary medicine costs will be low, making livestock farming more effective. Therefore, to contribute to protecting the pig herd, during my internship, I regularly cleaned and disinfected

Barns, disinfect livestock equipment and take antiseptic baths before and after entering

livestock area. The results are presented specifically in table 4.5.

Table 4.5. Disease prevention by sanitation and disinfection at the farm

STT

Job	Quantity	Unit of measure	Results vs. Tasks deliver (%)
1	Daily cleaning of barns	2	Times/day	100
2	Spray disinfectant around the farm	2	Times/week	100
3	Spray disinfectant in the barn	3	Times/week	100
4	Sweep and whitewash the path	7	Times/week	100
5	Lime and caustic soda flushing	1	Times/week	100

The results of Table 4.5 show that, during the internship, I always tried to complete all the tasks assigned by the farm owner, engineers and technical staff of the farm. In addition, disinfection is considered a very important step. Realizing this, I tried to do the above work well and completely. Use Omnicide 3 phase at a ratio of 320 ml/1000 liters of water. When spraying disinfectant, it is necessary to mix the correct ratio. If you mix too much, it will be costly and cause damage to the skin surface. If you mix too little, it will not be enough to kill the disease-causing bacteria. I regularly sprinkle lime in the barn. When sprinkling lime, do not sprinkle too much, go from the end of the wind direction to avoid choking the piglets. The person sprinkling lime must wear gloves, boots and a mask to ensure health. Flush the caustic lime under the barn by putting lime in a bucket, then adding water, stirring well to dissolve the lime, then flush it under the barn. Every week, the facility performs lime and soda flushing under the chassis once.

4.2.2.2. Results of disease prevention for pigs at the farm using drugs and vaccines

Vaccination is always a top priority for the facility. This is a very important step in the technical process, a proactive and mandatory measure to avoid major risks of economic loss and prevent the spread of disease.

Vaccination helps livestock create an active immunity in their bodies against invading bacteria, increasing the body's resistance. Therefore, vaccination must be carried out strictly, according to the prescribed schedule to significantly reduce economic losses when an epidemic occurs.

During my internship at the farm, I participated in the disease prevention process for piglets. The results of applying the disease prevention process using drugs and vaccines for piglets at the farm are presented in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6. Disease prevention results for piglets raised at the farm

Time (Days old)

Disease prevention	Vaccines/ Drugs/ Preparations	Dosage (ml/pig)	Number of pigs	Number of children directly working (child)	Achievement rate (%)	Safe (%)
1 - 2	Iron deficiency	Fe + B12	2	3965	1822	45.95	100
3	Bridge duplicate	Baycoc 5%	1	3965	1822	45.95	100
7	Asthma + Polymyalgia sinus	Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae + Glasser 1	2	3900	1950	50.00	100
21	Sinusitis	Glasser 2	2	3885	1442	37.12	100

Through the results of table 4.6, we can see the general results of disease prevention and treatment for piglets at the farm with medicine and vaccines. Piglets from 1 - 2 days old were injected with Fe + B12 to prevent iron deficiency for 1822 piglets, achieving 100% safety. After 3 days of age, drugs were given to prevent and treat coccidiosis, improving resistance for

piglets, 100% of piglets after birth will be given medicine. During the internship in the farrowing pen, I gave coccidia to 1822 piglets and achieved 100% safety. In addition, I also vaccinated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae + Glasser 1 to 1950 7-day-old piglets to prevent asthma and sinusitis. When the pigs were 21 days old, I re-vaccinated 1442 piglets with sinusitis vaccine, achieving safety.

100%.

The number of piglets decreased due to being crushed to death by the mother pig and suffering from diarrhea.

4.2.3. Results of disease treatment for pigs raised at the farm

During the 6-month internship at the farm, I participated in diagnosing and treating diseases for pigs with the farm's engineers. Through that, I have been able to improve my knowledge and experience in diagnosing some common diseases, the causes of the diseases and how to overcome and treat them. Doing a good job of diagnosis will help animals recover quickly, reduce mortality rates, reduce the time of medication and reduce economic losses. Therefore, every day, I and the technical staff monitor pigs in the pens to detect pigs with unusual symptoms.

When the disease first develops, pigs do not show typical symptoms. The animals are often seen as lethargic, tired, eating less or not eating, lazy, and have an increased body temperature. Therefore, to accurately diagnose the disease, it is not only based on the external manifestations of the animal but also on the experience of highly skilled technicians and workers, and sometimes other non-clinical measures must be used. The results of the treatment I performed on the pigs raised at the farm are presented in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7. Results of disease treatment in piglets

STT

Disease name

Number of pigs (pigs)

Number of sick pigs (head)

Treatment regimen

Number of pigs recovered (head)

Incidence (%)

Cure rate (%)

Diarrhea syndrome

3965

380

Interflox + Atropin 1ml/10 kg body weight, intramuscular injection.

Treatment 3 - 5 days.

350

9.58

92.11

The results of Table 4.7 show that the disease rate of 9.58% compared to the total herd is low thanks to good disease prevention and herd care.

The number of pigs cured reached 92.11%. Symptoms of the disease are common in piglets from 5 to 21 days old. Pigs have diarrhea with yellow-white, gray-white, then yellow-green stools, with a foul smell. Pigs become dehydrated and lose electrolytes quickly, lose weight, suckle poorly, and walk unsteadily. If the disease lasts for a long time, the belly will shrink, the fur will be ruffled, and the anus and tail will be covered with feces. If not treated promptly, the piglets will die very quickly. The reason is that newborn piglets have weak resistance, are easily affected by external conditions, and their digestive systems are not yet fully developed, so the chance of recovery is not high.

In addition to diagnosing and treating piglets, I also participated in diagnosing and treating sows. The results of treating sows are shown in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8. Results of disease treatment in sow herds

STT

Disease name

Number of pigs in the group

(child)

Number of infected pigs

(child)

Treatment regimen

Number of pigs cured

(child)

Incidence (%)

Cure rate (%)