Initial Results and Comments

for agricultural workers (farmers) is an urgent requirement of the State to meet the aspirations of the majority of farmers. The Vietnam Farmers' Association is very interested in building and implementing a retirement regime for farmers, but because there is no unified policy and guidelines, the formation of funds and regulations on revenue and expenditure levels in each locality are also different. each other. Through the survey, we can summarize the situation of implementing social insurance regimes for farmers in some provinces as follows: The social insurance regime implemented for farmers is a retirement regime built according to the following: form called farmers' pension fund. This fund is organized by the farmers' association on the basis of a combination of cooperatives and local authorities, mainly built in areas with good income, typically Van Tao commune (Thuong Tin, Ha Tay) and many other areas. commune in Phu Xuyen, Ha Tay.

Pension fund source: Mainly built by farmers who voluntarily participate in the construction, with young people contributing many times, but the total amount of rice contributed by young and old people is equal. Currently, the farmer's fund in some provinces is quite large, enough to pay benefits to local old people, for example, the farmer's pension fund in Van Tao commune has up to 200 million VND, while in Phu Xuyen district had 1 billion VND [19, pp.18-20].

The mechanism for formation, management and use of farmers' pension funds is specifically regulated as follows:

- Fund formation mechanism: The pension fund is contributed by members, the contribution level of a cooperative member during the entire participation process ranges from 80 kg of rice to 100 kg of rice depending on the locality.

Cooperate and support by allocating land areas for use by farmers and Farmers' Associations. After harvesting, minus expenses, the balance is entered into the Social Insurance fund.

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The support budget is set aside to support the farmers' pension fund 1% each year (each commune is responsible for 4-5 million a year for the fund, interest is deposited from 3 sources

above enter into the fund. Conditions to enjoy: Pay the full amount according to regulations and if you are old enough (60 years old) for both men and women, you can enjoy it. The pensioner's benefit level ranges from 10,000 VND to 18,000 VND/month.

Fund management regime: The Vietnam Farmers' Union relies heavily on its existing apparatus and is under the direct leadership and direction of farmer's branches (each branch has from 30 to 50 householders). ).

Up to now, the Farmers' Association of 4 provinces: Ha Tay, Ha Bac, Nghe An, Ha Tinh has built farmers' pension funds in 482 communes and 28 districts with 121,254 participants. Of these, 20,765 people have been granted pension books with an average allowance of 10 kg of rice/person/month [19, p. 20]. The results of implementing farmer pensions, on the one hand, ensure a part of the life of retirees, mobilize a lot of idle money to create capital for the state to borrow and invest in socio-economic development goals, step by step. The first step is to make farmers feel secure and confident when participating in social insurance.

* The implementation of voluntary social insurance laws in some localities:

For farmers and workers working in agricultural areas, based on the reality of life and the legitimate aspirations of farmers, the Farmers' Union organization has mentioned to the Party committee and the government to direct the pilot. "Farmers' pension" fund. In 1978, Dai Hoa commune, Tan Yen district, Bac Giang province organized the "Farmers' Pension" fund.

In 1986, the provinces of Ha Tay, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, and Quang Binh built a "Farmer's Pension" fund or "old age support" fund. In particular, Nghe An province, from 1985 to 1997, had 172 grassroots Farmers' Associations building a "Farmers' Pension" fund, with an amount of 6 billion VND. This type of fund is formed by the Agricultural Cooperative deducting part of the transferred welfare fund and farmers contributing in rice or money. When they reach the end of working age (60 years old for men and 55 years old for women), each month they will receive from 5 kg to 10 kg.

rice, depending on the farmer's contribution and the fund's growth [32]. But during this period, our country's economy was slow to develop, the inflation rate was high, people's deposits in banks and credit funds were always devalued, and there was no balance between revenue and expenditure, so some places The fund collapsed and could not continue to be implemented.

Since Vietnam's law on social insurance was introduced, the lives of a part of workers and their families have been more stable and guaranteed when workers are sick, pregnant, or have occupational accidents. work, occupational diseases, loss of working capacity, retirement, death. It can be said that social insurance is a very humane policy of our Party and State.

Social insurance policy becomes even more effective when social insurance activities are innovated under the Labor Code (effective January 1, 1995) and with the establishment of a social insurance agency from China. focus on the local area. After 7 years of implementing the Labor Code and the Social Insurance Regulations, social insurance activities across the country have gradually come into order and achieved good results.

However, realizing the role of social insurance policy for farmers, after studying and summarizing practice, the Central Vietnam Farmers' Union has summarized and learned from the experience of building a "Farmers' Pension" fund. in Quynh Luu district, Nghe An to report to the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and People's Committee of Nghe An province for piloting farmer social insurance.

On April 28, 1998, the People's Committee of Nghe An province issued a decision to establish Nghe An Farmers' Social Insurance under the Provincial People's Committee. The Charter includes 7 chapters and 27 articles with basic content [16]. At that time, the province had a population of nearly 3 million people, the total number of workers was 1,351,823 people, of which 1,171,298 workers in rural areas, accounting for over 90% of the entire province's workers [32]. To meet the wishes of a large number of farmers, the People's Committee of Nghe An province has directed the Farmers' Association to pilot the organization

Social insurance for farmers On August 20, 1998, Nghe An Farmers' Social Insurance was officially born. Up to now, social insurance for Nghe An farmers is being implemented according to the Farmers' Social Insurance Charter amended in 2001, replacing the temporary Farmers' Social Insurance in 1998.

* Implementation of Farmers' Social Insurance and lessons learned from reality in Nghe An:

The Charter of Nghe An Farmers' Social Insurance is built on the principle of voluntariness, contribution and benefit, ensuring fairness between contribution and enjoyment [16].

- Farmers' social insurance subjects are working-age citizens who are not subject to compulsory social insurance, permanently residing in Nghe An, and voluntarily participate.

- Regarding the regime: In the immediate future, due to economic and management conditions, all 5 regimes such as mandatory social insurance have not yet been implemented, but the monthly allowance regime, also known as the "retirement" regime, has been implemented. This is the most necessary regime for all workers, one-time allowance and death benefit. Other employee benefits are gradually expanded as the employee's income increases.

- The current minimum payment is 20,000 VND/month, suitable for economic development and the lives of the majority of workers. As living standards improve, the minimum level is also increased, encouraging collective economic units such as cooperatives and socio-political organizations to contribute more to their members.

- Conditions for receiving retirement benefits: When participants reach 60 years old for men and 55 years old for women, and have at least 240 months of participating in farmer social insurance, they will receive "pension" until they retire. passed away. People aged 41 years or older for women and 46 years or older for men, if they pay the corresponding high rate, will still be eligible to enjoy benefits when they are 55-60 years old.

pension. The monthly "pension" depends on the amount actually paid and the time of payment for farmer social insurance.

Pension is calculated by taking the total amount actually paid plus net interest during the payment period and dividing by 120. When receiving pension, you will be issued a voluntary health insurance card paid by Farmers' Social Insurance.

When a pensioner dies, the family also receives a death benefit (unreceived pension) and is paid a portion of the funeral expenses (200,000 VND), demonstrating profound humanity.

If the employee is not eligible to receive a pension, he or she is entitled to a one-time benefit calculated as follows: If the employee has paid social insurance for 1 to 4 years, he or she will receive 100% of the paid amount; If you have paid social insurance for 4-11 years, you will receive 110% of the amount paid; If you have paid social insurance for 11 to 16 years, you will receive 125% of the paid amount; If you have paid social insurance for 16 years or more, you will receive 145% of the amount paid.

Nghe An Farmers' Social Insurance Fund is mainly contributed by employees, used to pay for farmers' social insurance regimes, and idle money is invested for profit. The Farmers' Social Insurance Fund is protected by the Provincial People's Committee during its operation. The Provincial People's Committee is the managing entity, setting policies and orientations for all social insurance activities. farmer.

Nghe An farmers' social insurance organization system is formed at three levels: province, district, and commune. At the provincial level, there is also the Farmers' Social Insurance Management Council consisting of members: representatives of the Provincial People's Committee Office, Department of Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs; Department of Finance, Department of Home Affairs, Farmers' Association, Cooperative Alliance and Director of Provincial Farmers' Social Insurance to help the Provincial People's Committee direct Farmers' social insurance activities.

At the district and commune levels, there is a Farmers' Social Insurance Management Board.

The Management Board of District and Urban Farmers' Social Insurance (district level) includes 01 head of the department headed by the head of the Department of Home Affairs - Labor, War Invalids and Social Affairs, 1 full-time deputy head, and 1 deputy head representative. The concurrent Farmers' Association, 1 full-time officer and a number of other concurrent members are representatives of the Finance and Accounting Department, Office of the People's Council and District People's Committee. Directly organizing the implementation of farmer social insurance is the on-duty deputy committee and a number of specialized officials.

The Management Board of the Farmers' Social Insurance of communes, localities and towns (commune level) includes 1 head of the committee chaired by the chairman or vice chairman of the Commune People's Committee, 1 full-time officer and a number of concurrent members. Responsibilities are decided by the Chairman of the Commune People's Committee and proposed to the District Management Board.

Performance results of Nghe An Farmers' Social Insurance:

The process of farmers' social insurance activities has been mixed with difficulties and advantages, but has been responded to by a large number of workers, bringing about specific results: As of December 31, 2006, there were 314 communes, Wards and towns of 11 districts and urban areas issued social insurance books to farmers with 86,891 participants, of which the level of 10,000 VND/month was 25,503 people, the level of 20,000 VND/month was 34,892 people, collecting nearly 70 billion in funds. That's 10 billion VND from profitable investment. In particular, 37 farmers received "pensions". Many districts such as Quynh Luu, Dien Chau, Yen Thanh, Nghia Dan, Hung Nguyen, and Chua Lo town have over 10,000 participants and have issued social insurance books to 100% of communes, wards, and towns, most Nghia Dan district, a midland and mountainous district has 32 communes, including 9 communes in remote areas, 100% of communes have implemented farmer social insurance. Farmers' social insurance activities in recent years have mainly been revenue-based, but the giving regime has been promptly resolved

1,030 people with an amount of 796 million VND, of which 188 died, the rest transferred to compulsory social insurance and moved to areas without insurance.

Farmers' social insurance. Currently, the Provincial Farmers' Social Insurance Office is established with 3 departments (Facilities Management Department, Financial Accounting Department and Administrative Organization Department), with 19 officers, including 15 staff members funded by the budget. insurance and 6 contracts paid by the farmers' social insurance fund, with a 3-story, 600m 2 headquarters . District farmers' social insurance has 3-5 full-time officers, including 1 full-time staff guaranteed by the budget, the rest is paid by the farmers' social insurance fund, and in the commune there is 1 full-time officer. receive allowances. A new feature of Nghe An farmers' social insurance activities since 2003 is that nearly 20,000 people have participated with 20,000 VND or more, the average level is 35,000 VND. The number of participants previously at 10,000 VND has voluntarily increased to over 20,000 VND [18].

Nghe An Farmers' Social Insurance Fund is centrally managed and deposited at the Agricultural Bank. This fund is invested for growth through sources: bank deposit interest, buying bonds, promissory notes. As of December 31, 2006, fund revenue was more than 97 billion VND, investment growth was about 20 billion VND [18].

According to the provisions of the Farmers' Social Insurance Charter, the Provincial Farmers' Social Insurance uniformly manages fund expenditure throughout the province. Expenditure content includes: Payment of farmer social insurance benefits, management costs, and other expenses (if any). Each district is allowed to open a specialized account, social insurance for commune-level farmers should receive money directly at the district management board and pay participants no more than 3 days after receiving money [16].

Currently, the implementation of farmer social insurance in Nghe An is in the propaganda stage, not many people are entitled to the benefits. As of December 31, 2006, benefits have been paid to 96 people and one-time benefits to 3,252 people [18].

After more than 8 years of implementing social insurance for farmers in Nghe An, the results of implementing social insurance for farmers in Nghe An are not high,

There is still much work to be done, but it has been fully proven in both theory and practice that it is a social policy consistent with the inevitable development trend of social insurance in a market economy, most importantly. is in line with the Party and State's policies towards universal social insurance, ensuring equal rights of workers in different economic sectors in enjoying social insurance policies. affirmed that the policy of implementing social insurance policies for farmers is correct, in line with the trend of developing social insurance in a market economy, meeting the aspirations of workers, and actively contributing to creating social insurance in the market economy. driving force for the development of the rural agricultural economy and vice versa, as the economy develops and people's lives improve, the cause of social insurance for farmers will develop more sustainably. In establishments that do well in the work of farmers' social insurance, the social movement there is more vibrant, the activities of organizations are of higher quality, especially the Farmers' Union organization is strengthened and active. more practical activities, creating a new source of vitality in the countryside, farmers can feel secure in their productive labor. Young people feel secure in starting their careers in their homeland.

However, Nghe An Farmers' Social Insurance is a type of voluntary social insurance for rural workers in Nghe An to create conditions for workers to save part of their income to stabilize their lives when they reach old age. old. But the feasibility of this pilot organization has not been evaluated according to the province's policies, especially regarding the fund's financial balance. The Social Insurance Fund also cannot grow because it is only deposited into the Bank at the savings interest rate, while rising inflation causes the actual value of the Fund to decrease.

2.3.2. Initial results and comments

From the practice of social insurance activities for agricultural workers and workers in the non-state sector, we can make some of the following comments: