Developing tourism economy associated with ensuring environmental security in Ninh Binh province

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS

NGUYEN THI MINH TAN

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED WITH TOURISM

ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

IN NINH BINH PROVINCE

DOCTORAL THESIS

FIELD: POLITICAL ECONOMY

HANOI - 2021

HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS

NGUYEN THI MINH TAN

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED WITH TOURISM

ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

IN NINH BINH PROVINCE

DOCTORAL THESIS

FIELD: POLITICAL ECONOMY Code: 931 01 02

Scientific supervisor: 1. Associate Professor, Dr. HOANG THI BICH LOAN

2. Prof. Dr. CHU VAN CAP

HANOI - 2021

COMMITMENT

I hereby certify that this is my own research work. The data and results presented in the thesis have clear and honest sources, and are fully cited according to regulations.

Author

Nguyen Thi Minh Tan

INDEX

INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF RELATED RESEARCH 6

TO THESIS TOPIC

1.1. Domestic and foreign research works related to the topic of the 6 theses

1.2. General assessment of the results of published works and the “gaps” that need further research

Chapter 2: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 30

TOURISM ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY

2.1. General issues on tourism economic development and ensuring environmental security

2.2. Theoretical basis for tourism economic development associated with ensuring environmental security 49

2.3. International and domestic experiences in developing tourism economy associated with ensuring environmental security and lessons learned for Ninh Binh province

Chapter 3 : CURRENT STATE OF TOURISM ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN NINH BINH PROVINCE IN THE PERIOD 2010-2019

3.1. General overview of natural and socio-economic conditions of Ninh Binh province 74

3.2. Analysis of the current status of tourism economic development associated with ensuring environmental security in Ninh Binh province

Chapter 4: ORIENTATION AND SOLUTIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM ASSOCIATED WITH ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY IN NINH BINH PROVINCE TO 2030

4.1. New context and orientation for tourism economic development associated with ensuring environmental security in Ninh Binh province until 2030

4.2. Solutions for developing tourism economy in conjunction with ensuring environmental security

in Ninh Binh province by 2030

116

133

CONCLUSION 150

LIST OF WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS 152

LIST OF REFERENCES 153

APPENDIX 165

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS IN THE THESIS

ANMT: Environmental Security

Climate change

BVMT: Environmental protection

DLST: Ecotourism

DBANMT: Ensuring environmental security

GDP : Gross Domestic Product

KTDL: Tourism economics

Socio-economic: Socio-economic

State budget: State budget

Publisher: Publishing House

ONMT: Environmental pollution

PTBV: Sustainable Development

PTDL: Tourism Development

Economic Development: Economic Development

PTKTDL: Tourism economic development

People's Committee: People's Committee

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1:

Tourist accommodation facilities of Ninh Binh province	Page 83
	period 2010 - 2018
Table 3.2:	Summary of some taxes and fees related to insurance	105
	environmental protection in Ninh Binh province
	2010-2019 period
Table 3.3:	Environmental career funds are allocated for	109
	tourism industry 2010-2019
Table 3.4:	Statistics of the number of storms and tropical depressions that hit	115
	set foot in Ninh Binh province from 2010-2017

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LIST OF TABLES

Chart 3.1:

Revenue from tourism activities of Ninh Thuan province	Page 81
	Period 2010 - 2019
Chart 3.2:	Number of tourists to Ninh Binh during the period	82
	2010 - 2019
Chart 3.3:	Number of tourists to the World Heritage Site	83
	Trang An victory from 2014-2019
Chart 3.4:	Revenue from tourism services of the province	84
	Ninh Binh period 2010 - 2018
Chart 3.5:	Current status of tourism human resources in Ninh Binh province	103
	Period 2010 - 2017
Chart 3.6:	Investment capital for environmental protection work	104
	2010-2019 period

INTRODUCTION

1. Urgency of the research topic

Tourism is a comprehensive, interdisciplinary, inter-regional and highly socialized economic sector. In addition to meeting the increasing needs of tourists, the activities of this economic sector also play an important role in the on-site export of goods and services. Nowadays, many countries in the world have considered tourism as a "smokeless industry", contributing greatly to the socio-economic development of the country, creating momentum for other sectors to develop, contributing significantly to job creation and income, poverty reduction, and being a means of promoting the country's image, ...

After 60 years of formation and development, Vietnam tourism has grown and achieved encouraging results. According to the General Department of Tourism, in 2019, the number of international visitors to Vietnam reached 18 million. Domestic visitors reached 85 million. Total revenue reached 755,000 billion VND (of which total revenue from international visitors reached

421,000 billion VND and domestic visitors reached 334,000 billion VND); contributing 9.2% to GDP [127], creating about 1.3 million jobs in the tourism industry (accounting for 2.5% of the total number of workers in the country) [138].

However, in the context of promoting industrialization, modernization, integration and climate change (CC), the tourism industry is facing many difficulties and challenges, such as: increasing environmental pollution (ONMT), biodiversity loss, extreme weather... Meanwhile, the resources needed for tourism activities, such as: investment capital for tourism activities, quality of human resources, science and technology, etc.

- technology is at a low level... has made tourism activities ineffective, not commensurate with the country's potential and advantages. This has limited the development of the tourism industry and environmental security (ANMT). To overcome this situation, in recent years the Party and State have emphasized developing the tourism industry in a sustainable direction.

Ninh Binh is a province in the Red River Delta with a lot of potential.

to develop tourism, typically: Trang An Scenic Complex - Cultural Heritage

World cultural and natural heritage; Tam Coc - Bich Dong area; Cuc Phuong National Park; Thung Nham eco-tourism area, ... Besides, Ninh Binh also owns historical - cultural tourism resources with 1,499 historical and cultural relics, including a number of important historical and cultural relics, including: Hoa Lu Ancient Capital, King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple, King Le Dai Hanh Temple, Thai Vy Temple, Truong Han Sieu Temple, Bai Dinh Pagoda, Bich Dong Pagoda. On the other hand, with a convenient geographical location, well-developed road, rail and sea transport, creating favorable conditions for tourism in Ninh Binh to promote its advantages and attract tourists.

In recent years, the tourism industry of Ninh Binh province has had encouraging developments, tourism growth has made great contributions to the socio-economic development of the country in general and the province in particular. According to statistics from the Department of Tourism, in 2019, the tourism industry achieved a revenue of 3,600 billion, creating jobs for

21,500 local workers [73, pp.60-61]. Gradually combining the conservation of natural landscapes and sustainable use of natural resources, contributing to promoting sustainable development (SD). However, the current development of Ninh Binh tourism is not really associated with environmental protection (EP), so it has also caused significant impacts on the ecological environment, such as: degradation of natural resources, environmental degradation; putting pressure on the ecosystem, natural environment and social environment; destroying natural landscapes and historical relics, etc.

To contribute to solving this problem, it is necessary to have basic research on theory, practice and to have analysis and assessment of the current situation, thereby finding the causes and proposing solutions for Ninh Binh tourism industry to develop sustainably. With that meaning, the doctoral student chose the topic "Developing tourism economy associated with ensuring environmental security in Ninh Binh province" as his doctoral thesis in economics, majoring in political economy.

This research aims to answer the questions:

- How is tourism economic development (PTKTDL) associated with ensuring environmental security (ĐBANMT)?