Principles of Socialization of Tourism Activities.

Here also mentions another purpose and meaning of tourism XHHHĐDL, which is to improve the level of enjoyment of tourism products of the people. To achieve this, the process of tourism XHHHĐDL cannot be separated from the specific socio-economic context of the country, which is the process of industrialization and urbanization that is increasingly developing strongly in the conditions of openness, two-way and multi-way exchange between our country and countries in the region and the world. In the dialectical relationship, to achieve high social efficiency, tourism XHHHĐDL is not only a natural necessity in line with the current cultural - economic - social development path of industrialization - modernization, but also must keep up with the tourism development of countries in the region, so this is also a way to increase resources for technological innovation, as well as ways to learn management in the tourism industry.

Thus, the reason for the process of tourism socialization has been initially clarified. And as a two-way, clearly mutual relationship, if the diversity of participating components promotes the development of tourism socialization, then in turn, tourism enriches tourism entities in many aspects. The clear orientation of tourism socialization is an important driving force contributing to mobilizing many intellectual, human, financial resources... of the whole society. The problem is that the State and the whole people, with many rich and vivid forms, pay attention to investing in building and developing the tourism industry, while at the same time maximizing the effectiveness of tourism activities, meeting the increasingly diverse and rich enjoyment needs of all social classes. By doing so, the process of tourism socialization will create strength for tourism and other economic sectors, contributing to improving the quality of life of each individual in the community.

1.3. Principles of socialization of tourism activities.

In the tourism industry with the participation of many components, the first thing to achieve success is the socialization of tourism, which requires the consolidation and development of state tourism and the legalization of tourism. Due to the important role of tourism in particular and culture in general in the formation of personality, raising

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To improve the quality of human life, the State has built a set of laws for tourism (Tourism Law 2005). And after studying many related documents, we have drawn out the basic principles for tourism development.

The first principle is that in the process of socialization of tourism, the more diversified tourism activities are, the more the State's guiding role is required . It can be said that for tourism activities, the State plays the role of a conductor, as Marx stated: "Any social labor carried out on a large scale requires a direction to regulate individual activities. A solo musician controls himself, but an orchestra needs a conductor."

The role of the State as a “conductor” needs to be institutionalized. And for many entities to operate together in a common legal corridor and fulfill their roles, it is necessary to have a unified concept of tourism development in each stage and in a long-term process. Here, the concept of tourism development requires achieving unified aspects such as: “Unity between quality and quantity, between speed and efficiency, between cultural growth and social needs, between modernity and tradition, ...”. Achieving these main unified aspects is to comply with the principle: Tourism development in a balanced, appropriate and sustainable manner.

Once the role of State management has been properly determined, on that basis, policies for the development of the tourism industry are set out, one of which is the method of the State and the people working together. This is also the promotion of the combined strength of society under the leadership of the Party and the management of the State. The issue here is the proper exploitation of the role of State organizations, unions, associations and economic establishments, towards building a fund to support tourism activities. It can be said that this is the third principle of the tourism society. On the other hand, the State "in tourism management needs to implement forms of self-management of

people”. In the development trend of modern society, the demand of society for tourism increases, so if we only rely on the State, it is not enough. However, the State, collectives, social organizations, and individuals together build a career in the cultural tourism industry. However, the socialization of tourism does not mean reducing the State budget, but on the contrary, the State must constantly find additional sources of revenue to increase the budget rate for these activities, and at the same time manage well to increase the efficiency of using that source of funding. These things contribute to simultaneously solving employment for a large number of workers, some urgent social problems are through service activities, satisfying tourism needs and creating healthy competition between economic sectors...

The principle of “the State and the people working together” in its broad sense also means that the State and the people manage and create products together, in line with the current great movement of “the whole people uniting to participate in building cultural life and grassroots”; and in the narrow sense, it means the equitization of State-owned enterprises, subsidies, etc. But reality shows that the method of “the State and the people working together” can only be successful on the condition that it is clear which areas and fields belong to the State and which areas and fields the people can participate in, that is, it is clear that the “multi-subject operating mechanism” is defined. For example, the stages of approving projects and approving major tourism festival programs in tourist areas must be undertaken by no one other than the State, to avoid the situation of being loose in both content and form of expression. The issue here is the harmonious and scientific combination between the State and the people, the people and the State working together in a reasonably divided career.

Another important principle of tourism socialization is not to socialize all areas of tourism activities in the same way. And to implement the motto "socialize to the extent that can be managed". First of all, it is necessary to develop forms of socialization in areas with tourism resources, tourist areas. Then it is socialization of buffer zones, auxiliary areas...

It can be seen that in the process of tourism socialization, the important thing is to build a tourism model and method of operation with different tourism entities. And the next principle is to implement equality before the law between the activities of the participating components , taking that as a basis to exploit and promote the potential of the economic components. Here, it is necessary to avoid mistakes in the concept of tourism socialization. First of all, it would be a mistake to take lightly or assume that people are people who only know how to passively wait to enjoy the values brought by tourism activities without knowing how to participate in activities and create those values. From there, embracing, subsidizing or bureaucratizing all tourism activities leads to results that are both costly and ineffective. And the second mistake is the over-use of the market mechanism, the mechanical concept of socialization leading to marketization, which will lead to another disadvantage: socialization in the form of a blanket assignment or lack of strict management of tourism activities outside of state organizations.

Another principle is that in the process of tourism development, there are always two-way interactions, but we must not only accept it but also promote that two-way process . For example, if the State has an investment strategy in a tourist area or a tourism festival, then in turn, the tourism products there will achieve economic and social efficiency. If the components participating in tourism activities are guaranteed by law and have effective investment, then in turn, they must be responsible, together with other owners, to participate in tourism activities, generating profits for the State... In other words, promoting this two-way process is promoting the exchange of resources to promote the development of tourism. Regarding this, C. Marx stated: "In a state of civilization, everyone is a merchant and society is a commercial society". The above-mentioned two-way process not only creates vitality for the process of XHHHĐDL but also compensates for the deficits in thinking caused by the consequences of one-way management during the subsidy period.

in the two-way relationship in tourism activities with the result of not exploiting the resources of many components, which can be compared to another shortage. Compensating for the shortage or promoting the above two-way process is also because in the tourism sector, the process of socialization of production is always associated with the process of socialization of consumption of tourism products, or in other words, these two processes take place at the same time (that is the characteristic of tourism products). These two processes are organically related, promoting each other's development. Only by promoting socialization and creating attractive tourism products can we promote the diversification of forms of consumption of those tourism products; on the contrary, if there are many rich forms of consumption of tourism products, the more effective (that is, attracting more tourists), it will create conditions for the development of tourism product production. Therefore, organizing and encouraging social and private organizations to participate in tourism activities is not only very necessary in the process of socialization, but also shows the importance of implementing the two-way process of socialization of tourism activities.

1.4. Contents of socialization of tourism activities.

There are many practical bases that say that the unique strength of tourism activities is its socialization ability. That is one of many factors for Vietnam tourism to quickly become a popular spiritual activity for all people, meeting the needs of entertainment, rest, relaxation, enjoyment of beauty, and knowledge gathering... and contributing to improving the intellectual level of the majority of people. Whether in a subsidy mechanism or a market mechanism, economic resources are one of the basic conditions for the tourism industry to develop. And in general, the tourism industry will have great difficulty in building and developing in a poor country. Therefore, in order to increase resources, create capital, exploit tourism resources... the first content of socialization of tourism is to mobilize economic sectors, organizations and the private sector to invest in tourism activities.

The above content of the tourism socialization includes the comprehensive approach of encouraging forms of participation in the tourism activities of all economic and social sectors, from the private sector to foreign-owned enterprises. That also means implementing all forms of joint ventures with all economic sectors, including domestic and foreign private sectors, participating in tourism business, in all stages from investment in infrastructure, to production of tourism products, advertising... to consumption. Along with this is the equitization of tourism companies and tourist areas previously managed by the State, creating conditions for the private sector to participate in organizing activities to attract visitors, major local festivals...

The second content is the socialization of tourism activities at the stage of creating tourism products in tourist areas, tourist regions or localities with tourism resources. For the process of socialization of tourism activities at this stage, it is necessary to carefully study the necessary and sufficient conditions, from which to propose specific and appropriate socialization solutions to innovate and improve the quality of tourism products to meet the diverse and rich needs of all social classes. The issue here is to encourage domestic and foreign resources to invest in this production sector. Specifically, the following issues: increasing investment in infrastructure, technical facilities of hotels and restaurants, surrounding landscapes, auxiliary entertainment areas, and as known, tourism products are produced and consumed at the same time, so the labor force in the tourism industry is an important factor in this stage. But saying that does not mean that every stage is socialized equally. Areas with tourism resources need more investment and more specific measures, because these are areas with the ability to balance revenue and expenditure and generate high profits.

The third content is the socialization of the promotion and consumption of tourism products , or in other words, the promotion and introduction of tourism products, along with the differences and attractiveness of the tourism resources that place brings, and consumption of it. Or to put it more specifically, this is the marketing stage to

sell tourism products. How to socialize this stage depends on market solutions, advertising in many forms and every citizen is a marketing staff, a businessman... they advertise tourism products, the way people in that locality behave towards tourism resources is also a way to advertise for the tourism industry of that place... and they are the most effective tools in this stage, directly serving tourists who consume tourism products. And when the product is being consumed, every individual in society is the target of tourism activities, they will be the consumers of tourism products.

One of the equally important contents, even becoming the specific content of the socialization of tourism, is the issues related to the activities of non-state tourism enterprises . The Government's Decree on the policy to encourage socialization has clearly defined that along with the consolidation of public organizations, "The State encourages the widespread development of non-public establishments in accordance with the State's planning in the fields of education, health, culture, sports, etc., which means that the State and society respect and treat equally the products and services of non-public establishments. In turn, non-public establishments also have a part of the responsibility to collect and provide services to social policy subjects like public establishments. Of course, along with specific regulations for non-state tourism enterprises are regulations on physical facilities for tourism business such as offices and legal capital. At the same time, non-state tourism enterprises must also comply with specific regulations on professional qualifications, knowledge, etc. for key personnel. On the other hand, these enterprises are allowed to compete fairly on product prices, services, and service quality, and do not accept any other form of unfair competition that harms the legitimate interests of others and the State... Thoroughly resolving the above issues can only be due to the application of legal regulations on one hand.

The law - on the part of the State, and on the other hand, dynamism and creativity within the legal framework - on the part of enterprises.

The final content is the socialization of vocational training , the socialization of professional associations. In fact, the socialization of tourism is the task of all classes, of all economic sectors... but first of all, it must be determined that it is the task of those working in tourism, so the activities of professional associations are extremely important. According to the charter and according to the purpose, tasks, and functions, associations or professional associations are places to gather and attract teams with the same purpose of promoting their profession, helping and organizing their practice. In addition to the existing organizational model, it is possible to allow the establishment of specialized associations such as tour guide associations, associations of non-state tourism enterprises... Tourism activists are members of the association, if they have the conditions, they can establish tourism companies, tourism service providers, and are equal before the law in domestic and foreign relations in tourism activities. And the important thing for the association is to “create conditions for tourism workers who are not in State tourism organizations to participate in the profession in many forms. In addition to professional activities for members, the association can open short-term training courses on advanced professional skills for professionals, expand relationships with other tourism professional associations…

Universities, colleges, vocational schools, and vocational schools have been and are doing tourism socialization work by training a workforce to serve in the tourism industry.

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