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Prices of Safe Vegetables and Regular Vegetables in Thua Thien Hue Province

The limitation is due to the lack of linkage and product consumption contracts with buyers, mainly sold in traditional markets, leading to low selling prices, which is an obstacle in the production of safe vegetables. Table 3.21. Prices of safe vegetables and regular vegetables in Thua Thien Hue province

Unit: VND/kg


Vegetables

Safe vegetables

Common vegetables

RAT/regular vegetables (Times)

1. Vegetables

8,000

7,000

1.14

2. Gotu kola

7,000

6,500

1.08

3. Green onions

14,800

14,000

1.05

4. Bitter melon

18,000

15,000

1.27

5. Malabar spinach

9,000

8,000

1.13

Maybe you are interested!

(Source: Survey data 2020)

3.2.3.3. Consumer awareness and behavior about safe vegetables

To assess consumer awareness of RAT products in Thua Thien Hue province, the author conducted a survey of 120 consumers on information related to RAT. The survey results are shown in Figure 3.11.

Difficult to distinguish RAT from normal vegetables There are no signs to identify RAT

The price of RAT is much higher than that of regular vegetables. Regular vegetables are cheaper and still meet consumer demand. Consumers do not really trust RAT.

Propaganda and promotion of RAT production is still limited.

Few RAT types Few RAT sales points

RAT point of sale is not convenient for purchasing products

No comments

78.3%

75.0%

67.5%

55.8%

51.7%

30.0%

25.0%

22.5%

18.3%

12.5%

Figure 3.11. Factors affecting people's consumption of safe vegetables

(Source: Compiled from 2020 survey results)

The survey results show that 78.3% of consumers think it is difficult and impossible to distinguish between RAT and regular vegetables. According to the opinions of interviewed consumers, they know whether it is a RAT product or regular vegetables through the brand from the place where the product is purchased such as supermarkets, RAT stores and information provided by the seller. Most RAT products do not show information about the production facility on the product packaging. In addition, the price of RAT is also a factor that consumers are interested in. 67.5% of the respondents

The survey found that the price of RAT is much higher than the price of regular vegetables and 55.8% said that although the price of regular vegetables is cheaper, it still meets the consumer's requirements for quality. 36.7% said that the activities to promote, introduce and propagate RAT to consumers in the province are currently limited. Therefore, they often choose to buy RAT based on trust and from the introduction of acquaintances. This is also the reason why up to 45.8% of the surveyed people said that they do not really trust RAT.

This shows that, in order to develop RAT production, it is necessary to build a brand for RAT products and production areas, and implement traceability through QR Code stamps. In addition, it is necessary to have measures to promote and propagate to introduce and provide information about RAT to consumers.

3.2.4. Capacity conditions of safe vegetable production households

3.2.4.1. Household production capacity

Production capacity has a direct impact on the decision and efficiency of household production activities. The capacity of vegetable production households in Thua Thien Hue province is shown in Table 3.22.

Table 3.22. Production capacity of surveyed safe vegetable production households

(Average household)


Target

Unit

Safe vegetables

Common vegetables

BQC

Sig.

1. Number of employees

People

2.5

2.6

2.6

0.161

- Vegetable production workers

People

1.6

1.4

1.5

0.000

2. Production area

m 2

2,932

2,984

2,961

0.695

- Vegetable production area

m 2

1,334

819

1,040

0.000

3. Years of experience

Year

11.8

12.7

12.3

0.035

4. Number of training sessions

Time

3.5

2.6

3.0

0.000

(Source: Survey data 2020)

Labor and production land area are not different between the two groups of households, each household has an average of 2.5 laborers and nearly 3,000 m2 of agricultural land. However, the land area used for vegetable production is different between the two groups of households. The average vegetable production area of ​​RAT producing households is 1,334 m2, higher than

1.6 times that of households producing normal vegetables. Thus, it can be seen that households producing vegetables on a large scale often tend to choose the RAT production form to bring high economic efficiency and sustainable development.

On average, surveyed households participated in vegetable production training 3 times, the most was 6 times. SV producing households participated on average 3.5 times, 1.4 times higher than normal vegetable producing households. This shows that SV producing households have become more aware of grasping information related to SV production, so they have been more active in participating in training. The evaluation results on the application of SV production processes in section 3.1.4.2 further confirm that participating in training courses has changed the production methods of households.

Thus, the resource conditions and production capacity of the production household affect the choice of production organization form. To develop SV production and convert the production model from normal vegetables to SV, the first important issue is to raise awareness for households and expand the production scale.

3.2.4.2. Household awareness level of safe vegetable production

Household awareness of SV production affects compliance with the production process as well as sustainable development of SV production. The results of the survey on household awareness through reasons for choosing the production form and level of understanding of SV production are shown in Figure 3.12, Figure 3.13 and Table 3.23.

Figure 3.12. Reasons for participating in safe vegetable production of surveyed households

(Source: Survey data 2020)

Regarding the reasons for participating in RAT production: 43.3% of surveyed households said that the reason they produce RAT is to ensure safety for producers, 29.3% to ensure the environment. Producers are aware of the application of RAT production processes, especially

Compliance with the process of using fertilizers and pesticides will reduce the risk of pollution of soil, water, air as well as ensure food hygiene and safety, protect the health of consumers and themselves. 30.7% of households choose to produce SV because they think that SV production brings higher economic efficiency and 38.0% of households think that product consumption will be more convenient than normal vegetable production. According to the producers, although the current price of SV is not much higher than the price of normal vegetables, it has an advantage in product consumption. In particular, 21.3% of producers choose to produce SV because they think that along with development, consumers will be concerned about food safety issues, so the demand for SV will increase, and SV production will be suitable for future consumption trends.

100%


80%

68.0%

81.3%

66.5%

60%

44.5%

64.7%

52.5%

40%


20%

14.7% 14.5%

11.3% 12.5%

0%

Self-study

Share your experience

Training

Media

Other

Safe vegetables Regular vegetables

Figure 3.13. Information channels for accessing knowledge on safe vegetable production

(Source: Survey data 2020)

Awareness of SV production processes and standards: The survey results show that the sources of access to knowledge about SV production are quite diverse and there are differences between the two groups of households. In particular, training is the main information channel for accessing knowledge about SV production, with a rate of 81.3% of SV production households and 66.5% of regular vegetable production households. 64.7% of SV production households and 52.5% of regular vegetable production households said that sharing experiences, knowledge and information about SV production from production households in the area is the channel that helps them know and understand SV production. In addition, 68.0% of SV production households and 44.5% of regular vegetable production households access information and knowledge about SV production from self-study through television, books, newspapers, etc.

When interviewed, most households knew about SV production, but the level of understanding was different. Most SV production households understood.

know more clearly and fully about RAT than households producing regular vegetables, specifically 72.7% of households producing RAT know and understand relatively clearly about the content of RAT production, 26.7% of households know clearly and fully about the content of RAT production while this rate is 15.5% in households producing regular vegetables. 55.5% of households producing regular vegetables know but do not understand clearly and 29% of households know little about RAT. Thus, the level of understanding of RAT affects the choice of production form of the household.

Table 3.23. Level of knowledge about safe vegetables of production households

Unit: %


Level of understanding of RAT

Maternity

RAT export

Vegetable production household

often

BQC

1. Completely unaware

0.0

0.0

0.0

2. Know little

0.0

29.0

16.6

3. Know but don't understand clearly

0.7

55.5

32.0

4. Know and understand relatively well

72.7

15.5

40.0

5. Know clearly and fully

26.7

0.0

11.4

(Source: 2020 household production survey data)

3.2.4.3. Orientation and needs for developing safe vegetable production of households

Surveying the production orientation of households in the coming time, 87.4% of interviewed households said they would continue to produce vegetables, of which 92.7% produced RAT and 83.5% produced regular vegetables. According to the producing households, vegetable production brings higher income than other crops and is the main source of income for the family. In addition, vegetable production provides regular income so it can cover the family's living expenses. 9.4% of households have not yet decided on the production orientation in the coming time and 3.1% of households do not continue to produce vegetables because these households are old and have no labor.

Regarding the choice of vegetable production method: 100% of the surveyed households producing RAT said that they would continue to produce RAT, 32.5% of the households producing regular vegetables intended to switch to RAT production, 67.5% of the households producing regular vegetables had no intention of switching to RAT production. The reason why vegetable producing households often intended to switch to RAT production was because RAT products are easier to sell and have a more stable price than regular vegetables, so they provide higher and more stable income. At the same time, when producing in the direction of RAT, the health of the producer is ensured due to limited exposure to pesticides.

Table 3.24. Household vegetable production orientation

Unit: %

Orientation of production households

RAT production household

Regular vegetable production household

BQC

1. Production orientation




- Continue vegetable production

92, 7

83.5

87.4

- Not decided yet

6.7

11.5

9.4

- Not produced

0.7

5.0

3.1

2. Type of vegetable production




- Switch to RAT production

100.0

32.5

61.4

- Continue to produce regular vegetables

-

67.5

38.6

(Source: Survey data 2020)

To have more basis to evaluate production activities and propose solutions to develop SV production, the author interviewed households about difficulties in vegetable production. According to households, there are 8 difficulties in SV production activities including unstable selling prices, not creating a habit of recording production diary, unfavorable weather, not building a brand for SV products, difficulties in accessing new techniques, strict SV production process, lower SV productivity compared to normal vegetables and high certification costs. The results of the assessment of the level of difficulties are shown in Table 3.25.

Table 3.25. Households' assessment of the level of difficulty in producing RAT


Target


% of households selected


BQC

1

2

3

4

5

1. Unstable selling price

0.0

10.0

58.7

31.3

0.0

3.2

2. Production diary recording

0.0

0.7

39.3

58.0

2.0

3.6

3. Unfavorable weather

10.0

74.0

14.7

1.3

0.0

2.1

4. Not yet built a brand

4.0

52.7

37.3

6.0

0.0

2.5

5. Difficulty in accessing new techniques

26.7

57.3

16.0

0.0

0.0

1.9

6. Strict production process

12.0

56.7

26.0

5.3

0.0

2.3

7. Low productivity

0.7

10.7

26.7

47.3

14.7

3.7

8. High cost of certification

0.0

6.0

34.0

45.3

14.7

3.7

(Source: Household survey data 2020) (Note: 1: Very difficult, 2: Difficult, 3: Normal, 4: Favorable, 5: Very favorable)

Unstable product prices have directly affected the production efficiency of households. Although the consumption of vegetable products is relatively favorable, the harvested vegetable volume is consumed, but the selling price of vegetables fluctuates and a large volume of RAT still has to be sold at normal vegetable prices. Therefore, 52.7% of production households believe that the lack of building a RAT brand has caused difficulties in consumption, specifically directly affecting the price of RAT. Through the survey, currently in Thua Thien Hue province, the issue that most production households are most concerned about is the output for the product. They are not concerned about applying the correct technical process of production but are most concerned about how to sell products at prices that ensure RAT quality and stability. In addition, recording production logs and high certification costs are also difficult problems that many production households encounter.

According to vegetable producers, to reduce difficulties and risks in vegetable production as well as improve economic efficiency, producers hope to receive support from local authorities, organizations and enterprises in the production and consumption of vegetable products. In production, 68.7% of producers need support in production training, 82.7% of producers need support in input, 77.3% of producers need support in providing market information. Surveyed households said that currently, agricultural extension training courses mainly support production techniques, and it is necessary to increase training courses on production organization, health protection for producers as well as business planning. In addition, each locality needs to have stores providing agricultural materials so that producers can buy materials with guaranteed quality, avoiding the current situation where some types of materials of unknown origin and quality are still supplied on the market.

In consumption, 88.7% of surveyed households need support for linkage in product consumption, contract production is 83.3%, product consumption support is 82.7%. According to production households, although vegetable consumption is relatively favorable, production households still face difficulties in selling prices, especially no difference compared to normal vegetable prices. Therefore, it is necessary to establish cooperatives or vegetable production groups in localities to act as a bridge between production households and the market. Develop purchasing contracts between production households and collectors, supermarkets, schools, etc. to clearly define the rights and responsibilities of the parties as well as ensure the production process according to RAT standards.

Table 3.26. Household needs to develop safe vegetable production

Unit: %

Needs of production households

Maternity

RAT export

Production household

common vegetables

BQC

1. Production training

68.7

69.5

69.1

2. Links in consumption

88.7

75.5

81.1

3. Production capital support

71.3

65.0

67.7

4. Input support

82.7

78.5

80.3

5. Complete infrastructure system

84.0

83.0

83.4

6. Provide market information

77.3

75.5

76.3

7. Quality control of agricultural materials

76.7

65.5

70.3

8. Contract manufacturing

83.3

75.0

78.6

9. Product consumption support

82.7

68.5

74.6

(Source: 2020 production household survey data) Thus, households have a fairly good awareness of the effectiveness of production activities.

RAT. A large number of vegetable producing households usually have some knowledge about RAT production.

but have not yet understood it clearly enough to apply it to production. One of the reasons affecting the decision to switch from regular vegetable production to SV is due to the small production area. In the coming time, to develop SV production, it is necessary to strengthen training for households on SV production and complete planning and land consolidation to increase the scale of household vegetable production.

3.2.5. Factors affecting households' decisions to produce safe vegetables

Survey results at research sites show that farming households often choose to produce SV or regular vegetables, there are no cases of households producing both SV and regular vegetables. Therefore, using the Logit regression model will indicate the factors affecting households' decisions to produce SV in Thua Thien Hue province. This is the basis for proposing solutions to promote the development of SV production. The Logit model is used with the following variables:

1. Dependent variable: Household's decision to participate in RAT production. (1: Household produces RAT and 0: Household produces regular vegetables).

2. Independent variables: The independent variables used in the model include the gender of the household head, the educational level of the household head, the age of the household head, labor, experience in vegetable production,

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