Orientation of Resource Management and Environmental Protection

(4) Developing adventure sports tourism products : This is a type of tourism that can be developed in places with difficult terrain such as sub-regions Ia and Xb.

(5) Developing eco-tourism products combined with medical resorts : this type of tourism develops in areas with mineral water, hot water and cool, fresh climate such as sub-region Va, region I, region VII, region III, region X.

=> Linking sub-regions and extra-regions to diversify tourism products to meet all customer needs. Developing new tourism products associated with museums, urban tourism associated with sports-adventure tourism centers associated with Yen Tu mountain areas, the northern mountainous areas and islands, etc.

3.2.2.2. Space exploitation orientation

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a) Priority development sub-regions

As analyzed above, the zoning of the Northeast region is a scientific and highly objective organization of territorial space. The results of the zoning of the Northeast region are the basis for the assessment and use of territorial resources to serve socio-economic development in general and tourism in particular. Therefore, the zoning of the Northeast region is a scientific organization of space. The assessment of the level of favorable conditions for developing sustainable tourism is based on 22 zoning complexes to find zoning complexes with favorable conditions for ecotourism resources and the attractiveness of tourism resources for each region. From there, there is a basis for concentrating resources, investing in exploitation in the most reasonable and optimal way and ensuring sustainable development of the territory.

From the above analysis and assessment results of the favorable level for community-based ecotourism, the development orientation according to sub-regions is as follows: focus and prioritize the exploitation of sub-regions with valuable ecotourism resources and very favorable for community-based ecotourism development such as region I, sub-regions IIa, IVb, Va, Vc, VIa, VIb, Xb and expand development to sub-regions that are favorable and relatively favorable for community-based ecotourism development such as: region III, region VII, sub-regions IVc, VIc, Ixa; sub-regions IIb, IVa, Vb, VIIIb, IXb (Figure 3.2).

To specify the priority level, based on the comprehensive assessment of the favorable level for the development of Northeast tourism, it is necessary to divide the regions and sub-regions for investment and exploitation in different stages. Specifically (Figure 3.2):

- Phase 1 (within 10 years) : Priority is given to areas with very favorable conditions for developing community-based ecotourism such as region I and sub-regions IIa, IVb, Va, Vc, VIa, VIb, Xb. These are sub-regions with diverse and rich ecotourism resources as well as high tourism attractiveness. Therefore, the task for the above areas in this phase is to complete infrastructure, technical infrastructure to serve tourism and train local communities to participate in ecotourism activities in the most effective way.

- Phase 2 (within 20 years): priority is given to areas that are considered favorable for the development of community-based ecotourism such as Region III, Region VII, Sub-regions IVc, VIc, IXa. In these areas, it is necessary to promote existing strengths and gradually improve factors that are considered unfavorable for ecotourism development such as infrastructure, technical facilities serving tourism or to raise awareness and train the community to participate in ecotourism development.

- Phase 3 (within 30 years): this phase is for areas that are relatively favorable for developing community-based tourism such as: Sub-regions IIb, IVa, Vb, VIIIb, IXb. In these areas, there should be strategies for re-planning space, finding forms of exploitation and development of ecotourism. From there, specific strategies should be developed for building infrastructure, tourism infrastructure as well as attracting and training the community to participate in sustainable tourism development.

- Phase 4 (within 40 years): this phase is for areas that are less favorable for developing community-based tourism such as: sub-region VIIIa and Xa sub-region. In these areas, there should be a plan to survey and plan locations with potential for community-based tourism development in order to propose measures to exploit space, develop products, attract investment and train the community to participate in tourism.

b) Orientation of development according to key points and locations and creating motivation

In each sub-region, the distribution and concentration of resources are uneven. To optimally develop the potential, it is necessary to identify areas of resource concentration - the driving points, key areas as the basis for creating spatial linkages between sub-regions. Based on the results of the assessment of the favorable level of 22 regions and sub-regions. Orientation,

In the research area, spatial development is carried out in 9 key areas including (Figure 3.2):

1) Sapa - Van Ban highland sub-region

Community-based tourism development area: Sa Pa mountain resort eco-tourism area (Lao Cai) : Developing mountain resort tourism combined with visiting cultural villages of the H'Mong - Dao ethnic groups and forms of picnics in the northern mountainous region.

2) Quan Ba - Dong Van mountain sub-region

Area for developing community-based tourism : Dong Van Geopark Ecotourism Area (Ha Giang) Developing tourism to explore and learn about the geological values, landscapes, and indigenous culture of the H'Mong ethnic group.

3) Ba Be - Cho Don low mountain hill sub-region

Community-based tourism development area: Ba Be Lake landscape ecotourism area (Bac Kan) : Developing ecotourism to explore the evergreen forest ecosystem on limestone mountains combined with sightseeing to learn about the indigenous culture of the Tay ethnic group.

4) Chongqing - Ha Lang limestone mountain sub-region

Community-based tourism development area : Ban Gioc waterfall landscape eco-tourism area (Cao Bang) - is a place with beautiful and majestic ecological landscape, culture of the Tay and Nung ethnic groups. Developing sightseeing tourism combined with culture, trade...; Pac Bo relic - Eco-tourism associated with famous revolutionary relics, where Uncle Ho used to work and directly lead the Vietnamese Revolution. The name Pac Bo literally means " source mouth". The relics in this area include: Bo Bam cave, Co Rac beach, Coc Bo cave - where Uncle Ho chose to live and lead the Vietnamese Revolution after 30 years of wandering back to the Fatherland in 1941; Lenin stream, Karl Marx mountain; Nam stream: Where

President Ho Chi Minh directly trained cadres and organized many important meetings of the Central Committee.

Thus, this sub-region can develop eco-tourism to visit landscape protection areas combined with learning about President Ho Chi Minh during the resistance years.

5) Tam Dao - Dinh Hoa hill and low mountain sub-region

DLSTDVCĐ development area: developing eco-tourism associated with the windy resistance capital ATK Dinh Hoa.

6) Van Don - Ha Long island sub-region

Community-based tourism development areas: Van Don tourist area (Quang Ninh): sea and island tourism, eco-tourism and Tra Co tourist area (Quang Ninh) - sea eco-tourism, border gate trade.

7) Low mountainous sub-region of Bao Thang - Yen Binh

Community-based tourism development area: Thac Ba (Yen Bai) - is one of the largest freshwater lakes in our country with attractive natural landscapes, rich vegetation, ethnic minority villages with many cultural characteristics of the northern mountainous region... Developing lake ecotourism combined with the cultural identity of the H'Mong-Dao ethnic group here.

8) Doan Hung - Lam Thao hill and plain sub-region

Development area of community-based tourism: Doan Hung (Phu Tho) - is the ancestral land of the Vietnamese people. Here the Hung Kings established Van Lang - the first nation of Vietnam, with Phong Chau as the capital. The terrain of the sub-region is mainly mountainous with three major rivers flowing through: Red River (Thao River), Lo River and Da River. Cultural tourism area of Hung Temple Festival and Ao Chau Lagoon (Phu Tho).

9) Cao Loc - Dinh Lap lowland sub-region

Areas for developing community-based tourism: Tam Thanh Pagoda, Nhi Thanh Cave, Vong Phu Mountain, Mau Son Mountain (Lang Son). Developing mountain resort tourism combined with visiting cultural villages and other forms of outdoor activities in the Northeastern mountainous region.

Through the above tourist destinations, intra-regional and inter-regional tourist routes will be built, thereby helping areas with very/quite favorable conditions to fully promote their strengths, but at the same time leading to the development of areas with the ability or not yet having the conditions to exploit and develop properly.

c) Orientation of tourism route development

The organization of tourist routes in the study area is based on:

- The distribution of selected tourist spots and areas, and especially the regional and territorial hubs. In the region, 6 important hubs are identified, including: Lao Cai, Lang Son, Thai Nguyen, Cao Bang, Bac Kan and Hanoi, which are the hubs of the entire region and the north of our country.

- Current status of distribution and development orientation of infrastructure, especially traffic

- The ability to provide services and environmental landscapes on routes creates products that have great appeal to tourists.

- The dynamic economic development corridors of the region aim to expand development space to the North and towards the sea. The dynamic development corridors follow the vertical axes of National Highway 18, National Highway 5, National Highway 10 and the regional sea route system.

The orientation of the PTDL route system in the Northeast region is organized into intra-regional routes and extra-regional routes. In which (Figure 3.2):

i) Regional routes include:

+ Lao Cai (Sa Pa) - Yen Bai - Ha Giang - Cao Bang - Lang Son route: This route plays a role in connecting tourist resorts and exploring the Mu Cang Chai terraced fields, the Kasrt cave system such as Tam Thanh, Nhi Thanh and the Mau Son mountain resort eco-tourism area. This route can develop mountain resort tourism combined with visiting cultural villages and forms of picnics in the Northeast mountainous region.

+ Yen Bai (Yen Binh) - Bac Kan (Ba Be) - Lang Son (Dong Mo) route: This route plays a role in connecting tourist destinations such as Mu Cang Chai terraced fields, Ba Be National Park, Kasrt cave systems such as Tam Thanh, Nhi Thanh and eco-resort areas.

Mau Son Mountain. This route can develop mountain resort tourism combined with cultural village visits and other forms of outdoor activities in the Northeastern mountainous region.

+ Thai Nguyen - Ba Be - Cao Bang (Ban Gioc) - Lang Son route: This route plays a role in connecting mountain lake ecological areas such as Nui Coc Lake, Ba Be Lake, Ban Gioc Waterfall or Mau Son Mountain area. These are also areas with many indigenous cultural values preserved intact by the Tay, Nung ethnic groups... Therefore, this route can develop lake ecotourism combined with the cultural identity of the ethnic groups here.

+ Bac Giang - Lang Son - Cao Bang - Bac Kan - Thai Nguyen - Tuyen Quang - Ha Giang route. This is the route connecting national parks, nature reserves, historical sites... which are also home to many ethnic minority communities. This route can develop eco-tourism to explore the evergreen forest ecosystem on limestone mountains; explore and learn about geological values, landscapes, biodiversity and indigenous culture of ethnic minorities.

+ Phu Tho (Viet Tri) - Yen Bai - Lao Cai (Sa Pa) route: The role of the route is to connect areas with geological values, landscapes, biodiversity (Ao Chau lagoon, Mu Cang Chai terraced fields, Thac Ba tourist area, Sa Pa tourist area, Hoang Lien National Park...) and indigenous cultural values such as festivals and customs of the H'Mong-Dao ethnic minorities. This route can develop discovery tourism, learning about geological values, landscapes, biodiversity and indigenous culture of ethnic minorities.

ii) Inter-regional tourist routes include: national and international routes. The focal point for sending visitors and the international transit point is identified as Hanoi. In addition, there are also centers, which are international border gates in the region or on the economic development corridors of the whole region. Inter-regional routes include:

+ Lang Son - Hanoi - Northern Delta provinces (RD).

+ Cao Bang - Bac Kan - Thai Nguyen - Hanoi - provinces in the Red River Delta

+ Ha Giang - Tuyen Quang - Phu Tho - Hanoi - provinces in the Red River Delta

+ Kunming (China)-Lao Cai-Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh.

+ Nanning (China) - Lang Son - Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh.

The above routes not only play a role in promoting the region's strengths in community-based tourism but also promote the advantages of many other types of tourism, contributing to the diversity and uniqueness of tourism products while creating outstanding features of the nature and culture of the Northeast region. From there, they create connections with localities at home and abroad to develop the economy and society of the whole region.

3.2.2.3. Orientation of resource management and environmental protection

a) Sustainable resource management

- Planning PTDLSTDVCĐ in stages and adjusting from time to time to suit the development situation.

- Issue legal documents on tourism activities and protection of natural resources for the entire region and each tourist destination in accordance with development reality.

- Regarding administration, close coordination and connection between localities in managing and exploiting natural resources to serve sustainable development of community-based tourism.

b) Environmental protection for sustainable development

- Developing community-based tourism, focusing on pristine natural elements and indigenous cultural values but ensuring that the environment is the factor that creates attractiveness, determines quality and creates a tourism brand for the region.

- Forecast of areas/points that may be overloaded in terms of environmental capacity: SaPa, Ba Be, Dong Van stone plateau, Ban Gioc waterfall, Pac Bo relic site, Ha Long, Van Don, in sub-regions Ia, IIa, IVa, Va, Xb.'

- Protecting the natural environment in exploiting ecotourism, linking ecotourism activities towards preserving and promoting the value of resources and protecting the environment.

- PTDL goes hand in hand with restoring and promoting unique traditional cultural values in localities.

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