MI The Relationship Between Ethnic Culture and Community Tourism

According to the theoretical basis drawn by many organizations and researchers as well as from the development practice of community tourism in the world and in Vietnam, community tourism can be understood as a sustainable development method in which the local community has direct and primary participation in the development stages and all tourism activities. The community receives cooperation and support from domestic and international organizations and individuals; from local authorities as well as the government and receives the majority of profits from tourism activities to develop the community, preserve and exploit sustainable environmental resources, meet the diverse tourism needs of high quality and reasonable of tourists, so that all classes of residents can use and consume tourism products.

1.1.3. The relationship between ethnic culture and community tourism

Ethnic culture includes material and spiritual values created by that ethnic group in the process of interacting with the natural and social environment. Accordingly, it can be seen that there is an interactive relationship between ethnic culture and community tourism. However, to some extent, both culture and community tourism need to have certain boundaries.

Community tourism develops in the direction of promoting the cultural identity of ethnic groups to create profits for local communities while preserving cultural values. However, it can be said that there are elements of ethnic culture that must be preserved intact, not preserved for development, including the so-called secret ceremonies. These ceremonies, to ensure their sacredness, cannot be used as models or continuously performed for tourists to see. Moreover, during the viewing process, many tourists have actions of dissemination through filming and taking photos, which will directly affect the local community. In the culture of ethnic groups, secret ceremonies include worship ceremonies, funerals, etc. because they believe that these rituals are the connection between the living and the dead, between gods and humans, so these rituals cannot be arbitrarily organized. This is something that cultural researchers must grasp firmly if they want to use these rituals to serve the development of community tourism. There are specific solutions such as if they want to see these rituals, viewers must comply with

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follow the rules of the ritual, perform the ritual like a local. In addition, these rituals can be dramatized, performed through simulation, not real performance, artistically turning spiritual belief activities into secret ceremonies. Secret ceremonies must be preserved intact to ensure their sacredness, which is also the way tourism workers show respect to the local community.

On the other hand, community tourism is best understood as a process, not a special type of tourism product. This process ensures that local communities can directly participate in, and directly manage, plan and create tourism products and services that attract customers with the basic characteristics of that local community.

1.1.4. Basis for proposed solution

Research and practical studies show that the development of solutions to develop community tourism in Phu Tho associated with Dao ethnic culture requires decisive scientific and practical bases as a new orientation to ensure the feasibility of this topic.

Scientific basis

Community-based tourism is a new form of tourism in Vietnam, which not only brings economic and social benefits to the community but also contributes to the preservation of indigenous cultures and the preservation of the natural landscape of the region. Therefore, community-based tourism initiatives aim to attract local people to participate in the operation and management of small tourism projects as a means of generating alternative income and reducing poverty for the community. The initiatives also encourage respect for local traditions and cultures as well as natural heritage. Community-based tourism is based on tourists' curiosity and desire to learn more and experience the daily lives of people from different cultures, explore nature, volunteer, and help the community.

Types of tourism suitable for community tourism include: Ecotourism; agricultural and rural tourism; craft village tourism; ethnic or indigenous tourism and cultural tourism. In addition, the promotion of local arts and crafts can be an important component of community tourism projects and in mainstream forms of tourism.

The characteristic of this type of tourism is the diversity of participants: from local authorities, tourism management agencies, conservation agencies, travel companies, travel agencies, non-governmental organizations, local communities and tourists to residential communities, related partners and tourists who are responsible for protecting local cultural and natural resources. Community members all share the benefits from tourism activities. However, the scale of this type of tourism is often not large, the tourist market is quite narrow in terms of target and small in number; the products and services - tourism developed must be suitable to local natural and cultural conditions.

The main target audience of community-based tourism is often characterized by respect for natural, historical, cultural values and attractions. Concerned about the impact of tourism on the environment and other sustainable values. Prefers small-scale accommodation of local people; seeks authentic aspects of life such as: Local specialties, rustic and natural designs, elements imbued with indigenous traditions. Seeks interaction with people, their own lifestyles and cultures. Not attracted by mass marketing. Visitors are often educated and have high incomes. They do not have children or have children old enough to stay home alone. Backpackers and young tourists with small travel budgets can also participate in community-based tourism because the accommodation and travel services of this type of tourism are often cheaper than those of other types of tourism.

Legal basis

Community tourism is currently focused on development, with potentials in cultural and historical resources, diverse landscape and natural conditions. “Principles

“Sustainable tourism development” has been defined in the 2015 Tourism Law. Accordingly, sustainable tourism development is tourism development that simultaneously meets socio-economic and environmental requirements, ensuring the harmony of interests of subjects participating in tourism activities, without harming the ability to meet future tourism needs” 6 This is also one of the consistent principles of the Tourism Law.

2017, shown in the following aspects:

Tourism development meets both socio-economic and environmental requirements. Tourism is a comprehensive economic sector with profound cultural content, interdisciplinary, inter-regional and highly socialized, so the 2017 Tourism Law has made many adjustments to ensure that business activities in the tourism sector comply with market rules, limit administrative intervention by the state through respecting the rights of subjects in economic relations (Article 11, Article 37, Article 47, Article 53...), classifying tourist accommodation establishments based on voluntary registration of organizations and individuals (Article 50); tourism development must be associated with the development of other services to ensure the overall sustainability of the economy (Article 55). In addition, the law strictly prohibits acts that harm national sovereignty, social order and security, and the tourism business environment (Article 9), and stipulates the responsibilities of organizations and individuals in protecting the tourism environment (Article 8), maintaining security, order, and social safety (Articles 6, 9, 13, Point d, Clause 2, Article 25, Point d, Clause 1, Article 29, Point b, Clause 1, Article 49, etc.). Tourism planning must be consistent with the country's socio-economic development, defense, and security strategies and plans; tourism development strategies and other plans approved by competent state agencies from time to time (Clause 1, Article 20).

Tourism development must ensure the harmony of interests of the subjects participating in tourism activities. In addition to ensuring the interests of tourists and creating favorable conditions for the business activities of tourism enterprises, the law also recognizes the right to

6 Tourism Law 2017

participate in and enjoy legal benefits from tourism activities of the community; develop diverse industries, occupations and types of services, culture and arts to serve tourists (Article 6, Article 55); attract organizations and individuals to participate in exploiting and developing community tourism and sharing benefits from tourism activities with the community, contributing to improving the material and spiritual life of local people (Article 19).

Tourism development must not harm the ability to meet future tourism needs. This aspect is reflected in the fact that tourism resources (including natural tourism resources and cultural tourism resources) must be protected, preserved, embellished, promoted, exploited and used reasonably. The Law stipulates that the State prioritizes funding for activities of investigation, assessment, protection, embellishment and development of tourism resource values (Point a, Clause 3, Article 5); determines the responsibilities of organizations and individuals in respecting, protecting and preserving the landscape, environment, cultural identity, customs and practices of the nation; protecting, preserving, exploiting reasonably and promoting the value of tourism resources (Clause 1, Article 6; Article 8; Clause 1, Article 12; Article 17); strictly prohibits acts of encroachment on tourism resources (Clause 3, Article 9); Organize investigation, assessment and classification of tourism resources for management, exploitation and promotion of tourism resource value (Clause 1, Article 16); tourism planning must ensure rational and effective exploitation and use of tourism resources (Clause 2, Article 20).

In order for the 2017 Tourism Law to be effective and bring positive impacts to Vietnam tourism, it requires the proactive and active participation of all entities operating in the tourism sector as well as related organizations, individuals and communities. Specifically:

State management agencies continue to perfect the legal system on tourism, promptly develop detailed regulations assigned by law to soon put the Law on Tourism into practice and propose to amend relevant legal documents to create conditions for tourism development; coordinate with ministries, branches, Vietnam Tourism Association and relevant agencies and organizations to deploy the dissemination and education of tourism laws to tourism businesses and workers in the field.

tourism sector, tourists and social community; strictly implement state management of tourism according to the provisions of law.

After the 2017 Tourism Law was passed, the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism coordinated with the Ministry of Justice to compile a list of documents detailing the Tourism Law. It is expected that the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism will be assigned to preside over the drafting of the following documents: Decree of the Government detailing a number of articles of the Tourism Law; Decree detailing the Tourism Law on the establishment, management and implementation of tourism planning; Decision of the Prime Minister on the establishment and approval of the Charter of organization and operation of the Tourism Development Support Fund; Circular of the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism detailing a number of articles of the Tourism Law. Completion time is October 2017.

Enterprises operating in the tourism sector need to proactively learn and update the Tourism Law and detailed regulations; voluntarily comply with the law in general and the law on tourism in particular; ensure that they meet and maintain all business conditions and strictly perform their obligations as prescribed by law.

Workers in the tourism sector need to proactively study, practice, and improve their knowledge, expertise, and skills; comply with the law and always be aware of preserving the national image to serve tourists.

Tourists need to raise their sense of responsibility, cultural behavior, as well as understanding of their rights and obligations when traveling."

It can be seen that the Law on Tourism has created a legal framework and created an environment for tourism development in general and community tourism in particular. The 16th Phu Tho Provincial Party Congress also affirmed: "Strongly develop tourism services, gradually build tourism into a spearhead economic sector of the province"; by the 17th Provincial Party Congress, the Provincial Party Committee oriented tourism development as one of the three breakthroughs in socio-economic development in the period 2011 - 2015. Over the past 10 years, the province has focused on exploiting, investing and developing tourism in many aspects: Policy mechanisms, infrastructure, culture - society, human resources, environment... and has achieved

achieved some results. From 2000 to 2012, the number of tourists to Phu Tho increased nearly 6 times, from 1 million to about 6.1 million. The number of guests staying increased nearly 8 times, from 63.8 thousand to 500 thousand. Revenue had a growth rate of 9.25%/year (in 2006 it was 403 billion VND, estimated in 2012 it was 700 billion VND, and in the first 6 months of 2012 it was 501 billion VND). Tourism GDP achieved a growth rate of 13.3% (in 2006 it was 138.9 billion VND, in 2012 it was 295 billion VND); estimated in 2012 it was 354 billion VND. Tourist accommodation facilities from 75 establishments (23 hotels, 52 motels) with a total of

1,292 rooms (2006) to 190 establishments (32 hotels and 168 motels) with 2,900 rooms. The tourism industry's workforce in 2006 was 6,700 people (756 in accommodation establishments, 455 in restaurants, 5,489 in other services); by 2012 it is estimated to reach

15,500 people (3,000 people in accommodation facilities, 2,086 people in restaurants, 10,414 people in other services)” 7 .

The basis of the money

1.2.1. Developing community tourism in the world

In the world, community tourism is considered a strategy, a deeply humane solution, contributing to sustainable socio-economic development, improving the quality of life of the community. In the world, community tourism has been developed very early with typical models in countries such as:

“The community tourism model in the US, in the Indian village in Massachusetts, the local community directly participates in indigenous cultural performances, accommodation businesses in their families providing food services, tour guides, and passenger transportation. There, local people benefit from tourism, they live in comfortable houses, and tourists enjoy life and the indigenous cultural environment in the traditional model village. When there is a group visiting, local people are notified 24 hours in advance so they have time to prepare. Tourists will experience cultural activities, they also recreate the battles against invaders, and tourists can also share

7 http://thanhthuy.phutho.gov.vn/bao-cao-de-an-phat-trien-du-lich-cong-dong-vuon-quoc-gia-xuan-son.htm

my feelings, eating traditional dishes of the Indians. Including economic production activities... although the cost of tourism activities in this village is quite high, it still attracts tourists because these experiences give them a new feeling" 8 .

For a long time, the concept of "community tourism" has been widely mentioned in many countries and territories around the world, specifically:

In Thailand, the concept of Community-Based Tourism is defined as: “Community-based tourism is a type of tourism that is managed and owned by the local community, aiming at environmental, cultural and social sustainability. Through community tourism, tourists have the opportunity to learn and raise awareness about the lifestyle of the local community” (REST, 1997).

This concept is also mentioned in the research programs of many social organizations in the world. Pachamama (Organization aiming to introduce and preserve indigenous cultures in the Americas) has given its view on Community-Based Tourism as follows: “Community tourism is a type of tourism in which visitors from outside come to the local community to learn about customs, lifestyles, beliefs and enjoy local cuisine. The local community controls both the impacts and benefits through the process of participating in this form of tourism, thereby enhancing self-management, enhancing livelihoods and promoting local traditional values”. Istituto Oikos (an organization that aims to support research and mobilize financial resources for the conservation of natural and human ecology in developing countries around the world, founded in Italy, 1996) refers to the content of community tourism in the direction: "Community tourism is a type of tourism in which visitors from outside come and stay overnight in the living space of local communities (usually rural communities or poor communities or living in areas with difficult economic conditions). Through this, visitors have the opportunity to explore the wild natural environment or learn about traditional cultural values, respecting the

8. Community tourism - Bui Thi Hai Yen (editor)

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