Means of Transporting Tourists to Tourist Destinations.

Research on human travel motivation has an important meaning in exploiting the tourist market as well as solving the supply-demand relationship of the tourism industry.

- Purpose of travel of guests:

Based on the purpose of the trip: People travel for many different purposes, but the main purpose of the trip includes:

+ Cultural-historical sightseeing: This is one of the most popular purposes and the core of tourism programs. People travel for different purposes, but the core is still to learn about the cultural traditions, customs, and lifestyles of the communities where they travel. Therefore, exploiting human and social tourism resources here to serve tourists (including both domestic and international tourists) plays a decisive role. For example: When tourists come to Hanoi, everyone wants to know when Hanoi was founded and even people in Hanoi cannot know all the famous historical sites here and want to visit and learn.

+ Relaxation: Tourism is considered a means to restore human labor after months and years of hard work. Vacation trips have existed for a long time, especially when tourism had not yet become a popular social phenomenon but was only for the wealthy and ruling classes. Nowadays, vacation travel has become popular with many participating classes of people. The most numerous are workers with relatively high incomes, people living in cities under pressure from noise, environmental pollution due to smoke and dust, the elderly with money accumulated after many years of work or having successful children who subsidize vacation travel.

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+ Business purposes: Nowadays, many people travel for work, attend conferences, seminars, explore investment, trade and combine it with tourism purposes. The number of visitors traveling for this purpose is very large and many countries set the goal of becoming

World and regional conference, seminar and exhibition centers. When traveling for this purpose, visitors often have high paying ability, they are senior officials of the State, of organizations and large corporations. In addition to the high cost of the trip sponsored by these organizations, they also have high paying ability, so the revenue from this type of tourism is very large. On the other hand, due to the relationship, they are also the ones promoting investment, trade and tourism for the country they visit and travel to.

+ Purpose of visiting relatives: Travel for the purpose of visiting relatives is growing stronger and stronger in the open world, people can work and settle anywhere on earth, they want to return to their homeland to visit relatives combined with tourism.

- Medical tourism: Medical tourism has developed since ancient times, mainly in places with mineral water sources, mountainous and coastal areas with the aim of exploiting natural resources (land, water, air, natural plants, etc.) to serve human care and treatment.

+ Sports purpose: People who travel for this purpose include two types: Athletes competing and tourists who go to watch sports events. For the first type, tourism serves athletes competing in world and regional tournaments (Olympics, World Cup, Sea Games, etc.) or training combined with sightseeing. The second type is fans and spectators who go to watch sports competitions combined with sightseeing. It is not by chance that countries often compete with each other in hosting international and regional sports competitions to develop tourism activities.

+ Religious and belief purposes: Beliefs and religions have been formed and existed for thousands of years, the lives of a part of the population depend on gods and lords. In addition to material life, people also have a spiritual life, including spiritual issues. A part of the population has formed religions: Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, Cao Dai Hoa Hao, Christianity, Islam... Believers

Religion forms the need for belief which is clearly expressed in pilgrimages to places of spiritual significance. For example: In early spring, tens of thousands of Vietnamese people go on pilgrimages with spiritual purposes to pagodas and temples to pray for a good life or every year, millions of people from all over the world go to the Vatican (Italy) to visit the holy land of Christianity... etc. Originating from the above needs, the type of religious tourism has been formed, existed for a long time and is popular in many countries.

+ Entertainment: Entertainment is an active resting activity of people after tiring working days to rest and restore physical and mental strength. To satisfy human needs, an entertainment industry has been formed to serve people including: theaters performing various art forms, cinemas, dance halls, casinos (gambling centers), horse racing betting, theme parks, etc. Many countries have formed large and famous Casino centers to attract tourists for entertainment such as: Macao (China), Lavegas (USA), etc.

1.2.2.2. Means of transporting tourists to tourist destinations .

- Air travel: This is the type of travel that most tourists use. Tourists who use air transportation such as airplanes often have a high ability to pay for the trip.

- Road travel: The number of tourists traveling by car is very large, this is the most chosen type. When choosing to travel by road with a car as the means of transportation, it will help customers save costs, and this is the type chosen by most domestic tourists because it is suitable for their ability to pay.

+ Travel by rail: Modernized railway vehicles with luxurious amenities, fast speed and safety are competing with airlines for tourists. Customers who choose this means of travel have a very high spending ability and value the safety of the service.

+ Cruise tourism: This type of tourism is strongly developed in Europe and America, and is now developing in the Asia-Pacific region. Tourists who follow this type of tourism are mainly rich people not only in money but also in time.

+ Cruise tourism: This type of tourism is mainly developed in areas with many rivers and with rivers flowing through many countries such as the Danube River (Europe), the Mekong River (Asia), etc. Tourists traveling on this cruise visit countries with rivers passing through. This type of waterway tourism is very developed when combined with cultural-historical tourism. Visitors who choose this means of tourism are often researchers, artists, teachers, etc.

* Based on the means of transport used by tourists at tourist destinations. Means of transport for tourists at tourist areas and tourist attractions are very rich and diverse, first by car, then by rudimentary vehicles such as: Cyclo, horse-drawn, buffalo, cow-drawn or by boat, by battery-powered cart, cable car, etc. Tourism businesses also create many means of transport with special, unique and attractive characteristics to attract customers. At the same time, based on the type of means of transport chosen by customers, it will be possible to assess the customer's ability to pay during the trip.

1.2.2.3. Tourist needs

The more modern life becomes, the higher the demand for travel of people. Travel is no longer the privilege of the aristocracy and the rich in society, but it is increasingly popularized. People travel for many different reasons: Because of the stressful pace of modern life, people want to rest, because of environmental pollution, because of the repetitive work life, because of the spread of psychology... However, the demand for travel depends on many factors: Seasonality, natural landscape, economic situation, politics... It is for many reasons that the demand for travel is considered: A special secondary demand, because this demand is only satisfied when there are 2 conditions where there are tourism resources and facilities

Technical quality. High-end secondary needs: Requires tourists to have higher spending ability than normal, have free time and intellectual level. Because tourism needs are needs that tend towards enjoyment. The needs are highly synthetic. That means it requires the following three groups of needs to be met:

-Essential needs: These are basic human needs such as: the need to eat, drink, stay, travel... Although they do not play a decisive role in creating the motivation and drive that motivates people to have the need to travel, they always exist in all conditions and circumstances. Especially when traveling, this need of the customer needs to be met with higher quality than usual in the usual place of residence.

- Typical needs: Such as rest, entertainment, sightseeing, enjoying beauty, learning, communicating... This need creates the cause of the trip, creates the motivation for travel and that is the purpose of travel. Based on typical needs to build services that meet the needs of tourists.

- Additional needs: These are the needs that arise during the travel process, in addition to the two needs above such as aesthetics, information, beauty, etc. Building products and services that meet these needs according to tourists' wishes helps find solutions to increase the length of stay, increase tourists' spending, and contribute to increasing the efficiency of tourism business.

In addition to satisfying essential and specific needs, tourism managers need to pay attention to additional needs to create diversity and differentiation of tourism products to increase attractiveness, determine the competitiveness and appeal of tourism products.

1.2.2.4. Length of stay of visitors

The length of stay of tourists is shown through the number of days/nights of tourists to better reflect the accommodation needs of tourists. Based on this indicator, tourism managers use it to plan and make plans for tourist destinations and tourist areas.

At a tourist destination, the number of arrivals of tourists is the same, but the longer the stay, the more tourism goods and services will be consumed. In other words, the increase in the number of visitors does not necessarily lead to an increase in the number of tourist days because it also depends on the average length of stay of tourists. An increase in the average length of stay of tourists will increase the number of tourist days. This growth process depends on the attractiveness of tourism resources at the tourist destination and the diversity in quantity and quality of tourism goods and services of tourism businesses.

Total guest days stayed = Total number of guest arrivals x Average guest stay

1.2.2.5. Tourist spending

The amount of money spent by tourist destinations reflects the most meaningful demand for tourism, but it is very difficult to determine because tourist destinations forget or intentionally hide the amount spent. Therefore, there are several ways to calculate as follows:

+ Estimate the spending of the tourist area through the number of days/nights staying at the tourist area and the average daily spending of the tourist area.

Amount of money spent by the tourist = Total number of days/nights stayed at the tourist x Average daily spending by the tourist

Or :

Amount of money spent by the tourist area = Number of arrivals to the tourist area x Average number of days spent by a tourist area x Average daily spending by a tourist area.

Thus, the spending of the tourist area increases when the number of visitors increases, the average length of stay in the tourist area is longer or visitors are stimulated to spend more in a day.

+ Estimate KDL spending through taxes: From the state taxes collected on tourism business activities and tax rates for each activity, determine the total revenue of tourism business activities and deduce the total amount of money tourists spend.

1.2.2.6. Seasonality in tourism consumption

Seasonality in tourism is the annual recurring fluctuations in supply and demand, tourism goods and services that occur under the influence of certain factors. This is a common, objective phenomenon, depending on each type of guest, the level of exploitation of tourism resources and the conditions for welcoming and serving guests, the type of tourism and the tourism development conditions of the country and locality.

Seasonality in tourism consumption is formed and influenced by many factors such as natural factors (climate, weather, types of tourism resources...), socio-economic and technical organizational factors (free time, travel habits, mass tourism, customs, readiness to welcome guests...), psychological factors and some other factors such as the reasonable allocation of entertainment activities, pricing policies, advertising and propaganda policies...

In tourism business, to limit seasonality, people can use some measures such as market research, diversifying reception capacity, actively using economic incentives, advertising and propaganda measures... To extend the tourism season of a certain type of tourism or diversify the type and determine the conditions for the second tourism season...

In short: Researching customer characteristics is to provide suitable products, services and goods with high efficiency, meeting customer satisfaction. That means effective business.

1.3. Factors affecting the attraction of tourist destinations

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1.3.1. Macro factors

1.3.1.1. Value of tourism resources

Resources and their value to tourism activities are factors

The first factor determines the ability of a tourist destination to attract visitors. Quantity, quality, density, reputation, recognition, distance from the tourist destination to the sending market, the capacity of the tourist destination... are indicators to measure the ability of a tourist destination to attract visitors.

The ability to use resources for tourism activities is the basis for planning tourism development in the region and the country. The type of resources is also a factor that contributes to determining the type of tourism, the seasonality of the flow of visitors and of the tourist destination. In other words, tourism resources are the basic factor to form tourism products, an important basis for developing tourism types and a component of the organization of the tourism territory. The richness, diversity and uniqueness of tourism resources create the diversity and richness of tourism products, increasing the attractiveness and ability to attract tourists.

Tourism resources are divided into two basic types:

+ Natural tourism resources: Terrain and geographical location, climate, hydrology and flora and fauna.

+ Human tourism resources: Heritage and relics, festivals and craft villages, objects associated with ethnology, events.

1.3.1.2. National tourism development policy

The tourism development perspective of each country has a great influence on the ability to develop tourism of that country. The state's management policy can support or not support tourism activities. Through its management tools, the state can propose guidelines to encourage tourism development, issue synchronous policies and measures, carry out streamlined management mechanisms, perfect the legal system from the stage of issuing legal documents to the stage of implementing, inspecting and supervising their implementation. This, on the one hand, creates social awareness to synchronously combine activities to orient tourism development; on the other hand, creates safety and convenience to increase the attractiveness, appeal and competitiveness of tourism products.

National and regional tourism development policies are of great significance, creating great motivation to promote tourism, such as the national tourism development strategy in each period has built strategies on tourism products, improved the quality of tourism services, preserved and embellished tourism resources.

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