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Initial proposal of biodiversity conservation action plan in Bac Huong Hoa nature reserve - Quang Tri province for the period 2007-2011 - 1


Ministry of Education and Training Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development


Forestry University

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Initial proposal of biodiversity conservation action plan in Bac Huong Hoa nature reserve - Quang Tri province for the period 2007-2011 - 1

Van Ngoc Thang


Initial proposal of biodiversity conservation action plan in Bac Huong Hoa nature reserve - Quang Tri province for the period 2007-2011


Master's thesis in forestry science


Ha Tay, 2007


Ministry of Education and Training Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development


Forestry University

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Van Ngoc Thang


Initial proposal of biodiversity conservation action plan in Bac Huong Hoa nature reserve - Quang Tri province for the period 2007-2011

Major in Forestry

Code: 60.62.60


Master's thesis in forestry science


Science instructor


Associate Professor, Dr. Le Dien Duc


Ha Tay, 2007


Thanks


The topic: "Initial proposal of a plan for biodiversity conservation activities in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve - Quang Tri Province for the period 2007-2011" was carried out within the framework of a master's thesis at Vietnam Forestry University.

During the process of implementing the topic, the author received enthusiastic help and valuable comments from teachers, leaders of Quang Tri Forestry Department, Huong Hoa Forestry Department, People's Committees of Huong Lap, Huong Viet, Huong Phung, Huong Son, Huong Linh communes and colleagues.

The author would like to sincerely thank the leaders of Vietnam Forestry University and teachers for their dedicated teaching during the study period as well as during the implementation of the topic.

The author would like to express his sincere thanks to Associate Professor Dr. Le Dien Duc, the direct supervisor, who spent much of his precious time on this thesis.

I would like to sincerely thank the leadership of Quang Tri Forestry Department for creating favorable conditions during the study and implementation of the topic.

We would like to sincerely thank the People's Committees of Huong Lap, Huong Viet, Huong Phung, Huong Son, Huong Linh communes and district-level departments.

helped the author get the necessary information to serve the thesis construction. I would like to sincerely thank my colleagues who helped me in every way to complete this thesis.


Author: Van Ngoc Thang

INTRODUCTION


The Bac Huong Hoa region is located in the northwest of Quang Tri province, in the south of the North Truong Son region, with an altitude of 450 meters to 1,770 meters. This is the transition zone between the North-South and East-West climatic zones of the Truong Son range. Due to its special geographical location, many types of forests have been formed in the region, such as: tropical evergreen closed forests, subtropical broadleaf-coniferous mixed closed forests, bamboo forests, and limestone mountain forests. The forest ecosystems here are still less affected, so they still have many primitive characteristics.

According to the initial survey of Birdlife International and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, this is a highly biodiverse area with: 920 plant species, 42 mammal species, 171 bird species, 30 amphibian species, 31 reptile species. Of which, 17 plant species, 11 mammal species and 12 bird species are listed in the Vietnam Red Book; 23 plant species, 11 mammal species and 9 bird species are listed in the World Red Book. This is considered the homeland of endemic pheasants in Indochina, an important bird area according to international criteria due to the presence of endemic birds; large mammals and primates that are globally threatened.

This area is also a vital headwater protection forest of four rivers: Ben Hai River, Cam Lo River (Hieu River), Xe Pang Hieng River (flowing into the Mekong River in Laos) and especially important is Rao Quan River (Quang Tri River) where Rao Quan Hydropower Plant is located, which is about to be completed. This place also has many special landscapes, it is possible to build eco-tourism spots and routes combined with the Ho Chi Minh road running along the North - South direction through the villages of the Van Kieu and Pa Co ethnic groups, supplementing the tourist routes of Central heritages such as Sa Mui Cave, Dan Chu Slope, Tri Cave, Voi Mep Cave...

After many years of fierce war, the economic, cultural and social life of the people, especially ethnic minorities such as Van Kieu and Pa Co, still faces many difficulties. Notably, the population growth and animal hunting have increased.


Illegal logging, deforestation and slash-and-burn farming… have been going on for many years and have put significant pressure on forest resources in the region.

Implementing the resolution of the 14th Congress of the Quang Tri Provincial Party Committee - term 2005 - 2010 "Comprehensive forestry development towards socialization of forestry. Focus on protecting and developing forest resources, paying attention to planting protective forests, protecting the ecological environment; economic forests ensure raw materials for forest product processing facilities. Ensure forests and forest land have real owners, associated with increasing income, eliminating hunger and reducing poverty, contributing to the implementation of the Government's National Target Program on Poverty Reduction for the period 2006 - 2010 (Decision No. 20/2007/QD-TTg, dated February 5, 2007); increase coverage to 43% by 2010. Effectively prevent illegal exploitation and trading of forest products, forest fires, and slash-and-burn cultivation".

Realizing the importance of the Bac Huong Hoa forest area in many fields, after more than 2 years of implementing the procedures for proposal, construction and appraisal, on March 14, 2007, the People's Committee of Quang Tri province issued Decision No. 479/QD-UBND approving the Project for planning and investment in the Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Huong Hoa district with a total area of ​​25,200 hectares. Up to now, the Management Board of the Nature Reserve is being promoted to be established. However, there has not been a conservation action plan developed here. In order to meet the requirements for biodiversity conservation of the reserve but at the same time ensure the needs for sustainable development, I have chosen the topic " Initial proposal of a biodiversity conservation action plan in the Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve - Quang Tri for the period 2007-2011". Conservation activities must be appropriate to the actual situation, linked to local activities and consistent with the state's policies, requiring all activities, whether short-term or long-term, to aim at combining conservation with sustainable development. The conservation action plan built on that basis will contribute to the Management Board of the conservation area and related partners to effectively implement their management plans in the coming time .


Chapter 1

OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ISSUES


1.1. Biodiversity conservation

1.1.1. Basic concepts of biodiversity

The 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity defines biodiversity as follows:

"Biodiversity is the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part. It also includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. It includes genetic resources, organisms or parts of organisms, populations, and other biotic components of ecosystems, of which there are actual or potential uses or values ​​for humanity"[16, p.11].

So biodiversity is the richness of life on earth of millions of species of plants, animals, microorganisms along with their genetic resources and the ecosystems they create. Biodiversity or biodiversity is an umbrella term for the differences in the living world. This term is often used to describe the quantity, differences and variability of individual organisms. Usually biodiversity is determined by genes, species and ecosystems, corresponding to three levels of biological organization, which are 1) Genetic diversity also known as gene diversity, 2) species diversity and 3) ecosystem diversity.

Genetic diversity is the diversity of genotypes. Gene and chromosome mutations through the process of recombination will create genetic variations that serve as raw materials for natural selection in the evolutionary process to create the face of species as they are today.

Species diversity is often used to refer to the richness of species, specifically the number of

species in an area sharing the same site or habitat conditions. The world's species diversity is characterized by the total number of species in different taxonomic groups.

Ecosystem diversity is a measure of the richness of ecosystems, which are the complex interactions between organisms and their abiotic components. This diversity is reflected by the variety of habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes in nature.

From these three perspectives, one can approach biodiversity from three different levels: molecular (gene) level, organism level and ecosystem level (IUCN, 1994).

Thus, biodiversity includes the richness of all living things in all their forms, taxonomic levels, levels and combinations. It is not only the total number of ecosystems, species, genetic material but also includes all the complex relationships within and between them, with the inanimate world and with human society (Because humans are also considered a component of the ecosystem). Therefore, it can also be said that biodiversity is the result of the interaction between two natural and social systems.

1.1.2. Conservation of biodiversity in the world

Nowadays, biodiversity conservation has become a global strategy. Biodiversity plays an extremely important role in the cause of socio-economic development, in the material and spiritual life of people, in maintaining natural cycles and ecological balance. It is the basis for the survival, prosperity and sustainability of mankind as well as of the earth in general. However, due to the increasing population and demand for natural resources, humans have been exploiting this resource excessively, especially in the tropics, leading to the degradation of ecosystems, the depletion of biodiversity, and even the destruction of this precious resource to meet the increasing needs of people.

To date, more than 40% of the original tropical forests have been destroyed, with an average of 6-7 million hectares of arable land losing its productivity due to erosion each year. It is estimated that 5-10% of the world's species will disappear between 1990 and 2020, and the number of species destroyed will increase to 25% by around 2050 (IUCN, UNEP, WWF, 1996). Faced with this situation, many international organizations such as IUCN, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), WWF, the International Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), etc. have guided, assisted and organized the assessment, conservation and development of biodiversity worldwide. The basic needs and survival of mankind depend on the earth's resources, especially biodiversity resources. If those resources are reduced, our lives and those of our future generations will be threatened. Humans have over-exploited the earth's resources without thinking about the future, which can be said to be a disaster. Realizing the importance of biodiversity to the existence of human society and facing the increasingly rapid decline of biodiversity, humans have begun effective activities to conserve this precious resource. Many conferences have been held and many books with related content have been published since the early 90s of the last century. All of these documents are strategic and action programs to guide biodiversity conservation, laying the foundation for conservation and development in the future. Governments around the world have adopted 05 international conventions related to biodiversity conservation:

- The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was signed at the Rio de Janeiro Summit in June 1992 and came into effect at the end of 1993. To date, it has been ratified by 127 countries.

- Convention on Wetlands (RAMSAR)

- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES)

- World Heritage Convention

- Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS)

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