History of Formation and Development of Thanh Hoa Province

Currently, Thanh Hoa's transportation system has been significantly improved, the whole province has over 7,000 km of roads, of which asphalt and concrete account for about 25% of the total number of roads in the province; public transport and passenger transport are constantly increasing in quantity and quality, especially now Thanh Hoa has put into operation a bus route connecting Thanh Hoa City with districts and towns in the province, creating favorable conditions for people and tourists to travel. Currently, with the investment and attention of the province, people's lives are increasingly improved. According to statistics in 2007:

. Regarding communication: 3.7 devices/100 people, 100% of communes, wards and towns have

phone

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.Regarding culture - Sports: Up to now, there are 4,188 villages, hamlets, and cultural agencies. .Health: 60% of communes have doctors, 30% of communes meet national health standards, 98.2% of communes have medical stations.

Electricity supply: 90% of total households in the province have been supplied with national grid electricity.

Thanh Hoa is an ancient land, which can be considered the cradle of the first ancient people living on our country's territory. This is also the beginning of the country's history, of the settlement history of Thanh Hoa residents. About 6,000 - 5,000 years ago, they advanced to Da But, Hoa Loc to conquer the coastal areas and about 2,000 years ago, they dominated the plains and created the brilliant Dong Son culture famous throughout the world. That is also the true culture of Van Lang country.

Regarding the place name, the name Thanh Hoa has existed since the Ly Dynasty, called Thanh Hoa Road, through the periods it changed its name a couple of times and in the 12th year of Minh Mang (1831) it was called Thanh Hoa Province. Everyone knows that Thanh Land is the birthplace of many heroes and great men for the country. It is a land of talented people,

the birthplace of the Le dynasty, Ho dynasty, and Trinh lords.

Thanh Hoa is one of the most populous provinces in the country, after Ho Chi Minh City and the capital Hanoi. However, the average population density in Thanh Hoa is not high. However, the natural population growth rate of Thanh Hoa is still quite high. Thanh Hoa's population structure is quite young. The working age group accounts for about 45% of the total population. Up to 90.5% of the population lives in rural areas, only 9.5% live in urban areas. The above ratio shows that Thanh Hoa's economy mainly relies on agricultural production and the urbanization rate is not high.

According to statistics, Thanh Hoa is a province with ethnic minorities. In the ethnic structure, Kinh people account for 84.7%; Muong people account for 8.7%; Thai people account for 6.0%; the remaining 0.4% are other ethnic groups such as: Hmong, Dao, Hoa... Ethnic minorities live mainly in the mountainous districts in the West of Thanh Hoa such as: Quan Hoa, Ba Thuoc, Lang Chanh...

Although these ethnic groups are not numerous, they have a unique culture, expressed in their customs, folk cultural activities, festivals and even farming activities, especially the Muong ethnic group. Thanh Hoa has been named the capital of the Muong ethnic group. From a tourism perspective, this is a valuable asset, a unique resource that attracts tourists, especially international tourists.

Currently, the whole province has urban areas including 1 type II city, 2 towns and

24 towns. Urban areas are being invested in, developed and upgraded to become economic centers, traffic hubs, service - tourism centers to promote

promote the development of the district and the province. Sam Son town is gradually becoming a tourist city, creating favorable conditions for organizing tourism activities.

Thanh Hoa is a populous province, ranked 3rd after Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi, with a very abundant labor force of working age with a relatively high level of education compared to the whole country. Every year, the number of students enrolled in universities, colleges, vocational schools and vocational training increases significantly. This is a valuable human resource for the economic sector in general and tourism in particular.

1.2.3. History of formation and development of Thanh Hoa province

The history of Thanh Hoa province is a long history, closely linked to the history of our country's formation and construction. It is also a history of thousands of years with many mergers, separations, and name changes. However, basically, the province's boundaries have not changed much compared to today.

- Thanh Hoa used to be the Cuu Chan department of Van Lang country.

- Han Dynasty: Thanh Hoa belonged to Cuu Chan district.

- During the Three Kingdoms period, the Eastern Wu Dynasty divided Cuu Chan district into two districts: Cuu Chan and Cuu Duc. Cuu Chan district belongs to present-day Thanh Hoa and part of Ninh Binh.

- During the Liang Dynasty: Emperor Liang Wu changed Cuu Chan to ¸ i Chau.

- The Sui Dynasty called it Cuu Chan district.

*Dinh, Tien Le, Ly dynasties

- Dinh and Tien Le dynasties called it Ai Chau religion .

- Dinh and Tien Le dynasties called it Ai Chau religion.

- The early Ly Dynasty called it Ai Chau camp, later in the year Thuan Thien 1 it was called Thanh Hoa prefecture (Thanh: clear; Hoa: transform).

*Tran and Ho dynasties

In 1397, Tran Thuan Tong changed it to Thanh Do town, including 3 prefectures and 7 districts: Thanh Hoa prefecture (including Nga Lac, Te Giang, Yen Lac, Loi Giang); Ai prefecture (including Ha Trung, Thong Binh, Tong Giang, Chi Nga); Cuu Chan prefecture (including Co Chien, Ket Thue, Duyen Giac, Nong Cong); Co Dang district; Co Hoang district, Dong Son district; Vinh Ninh district, Yen Dinh district; Luong Giang district, Co Loi district.

*Thuoc Minh

The Ming Dynasty changed it back to Thanh Hoa prefecture as before, adding two more districts: Loi Duong and Thuy Nguyen. The boundaries remained unchanged.

*Nguyen Dynasty

- Le Dynasty, Thanh Hoa was Thanh Hoa province, including the land of Thanh Hoa province today and Ninh Binh province (at that time was Truong Yen prefecture, directly under) and Sam Neua province of Laos (at that time called Chau Sam).

- In 1802 (Gia Long 1st year), called Thanh Hoa town

- In 1831 (Minh Mang 12th year), the town was changed to a province, and began to be called Thanh Hoa province (Hoa: essence).

- In 1841 (the first year of Trieu Tri), it was changed to Thanh Hoa province and no longer exists.

changed since then.

During the French colonial period, Thanh Hoa province was under the administration of the Hue court. On May 1, 1994, in Decree No. 07/CP, the Government decided to establish Thanh Hoa city on the administrative basis of Thanh Hoa town.

On November 18, 1996, the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam issued Decree No. 72/CP on adjusting administrative boundaries of districts. On December 6, 1996, the People's Committee of Thanh Hoa province issued Directive No. 31 TC/UB to implement Decree No. 72/CP.

Decree 72/CP. According to this directive, from January 1, 1997, districts officially operate.

operating under new administrative units including 24 districts, 2 towns, 1 city.

Since the State implemented the open-door policy, with the attention and investment of the Government, along with the country's innovation, Thanh Hoa has gradually developed strongly in terms of economy and society and achieved important achievements: the economy has grown at a relatively high rate, the economic structure has shifted towards increasing the proportion of industry and services, reducing the proportion of agriculture, infrastructure has received investment attention, many important projects have been and are being built. The cultural and social fields have had many progressive changes, the material and spiritual life of the people has been improved and enhanced, the national defense and security potential has been consolidated, and social order and safety have had positive changes. Thanh Hoa has become a

dynamic economic development point of the State

1.2.4. Thanh Hoa coastal area

Thanh Hoa is not only a land of "spiritual people" but also a province with "silver seas, golden forests, vast fields, and endless villages" as President Ho Chi Minh said when he visited Thanh Hoa.

When talking about Thanh Hoa, we cannot help but mention the coastal area. The coastal area of Thanh Hoa includes the districts of Nga Son, Hau Loc, Hoang Hoa, Quang Xuong, Tinh Gia and Sam Son town. Along the coast are the marshlands of Nga Son and the mouths of the Hoat, Ma, Yen and Bang rivers. The coastline is long, relatively flat, with the famous Sam Son beach.

Although all 5 districts are located in coastal areas, each district has its own characteristics in terms of natural conditions and economic and social conditions that affect the exploitation of cultural tourism products in the province.

*Nga Son District

Nga Son district is located in the extreme northeast of Thanh Hoa province, 42km from Thanh Hoa city, bordering Ninh Binh province and Bim Son town to the north and east, Ha Trung district to the west, and Hau Loc district to the south. With a 20km long coastline, Nga Son encroaches on the sea from 80 to 100m each year due to the alluvium deposited by the Red River and the Day River.

Nga Son is a newly established district due to reclaiming the sea. According to the legend of Mai An Tiem, during the Hung Kings' time, Nga Son land was just an island in the open sea, including mountain ranges such as: Thiet Giam mountain, Van Son mountain, Van Nham mountain, Than Dau mountain, Song Ngu mountain, Chich Tro mountain and rivers such as Hoat river, Bao Van river, Len river. The natural land area is 15,617.95ha. In recent years, Nga Son has had strong economic development steps: speed

GDP growth rate in the period 1996 - 2000 reached 7.2%/year, an increase of 1.7% compared to the period 1990 - 1995. In 2002 alone, the average GDP growth rate

reached 9.5%/year. GDP per capita reached 2.94 million VND/person/year, increased 16.2% compared to 2000, food (rice equivalent) reached 367 - 370 kg/person/year.

* Hau Loc District

Hau Loc (Thanh Hoa) has a 12.4 km long coastline, 1 commune specializing in the sea, 5 communes with the profession of exploiting, farming, processing aquatic products, 2 communes producing salt. Hau Loc sea area is more than 2,000 km2, with many precious seafood species. Hon Ne shrimp beach has a large reserve among the shrimp beaches in the Gulf of Tonkin. Since ancient times, Hau Loc people have had the saying "first sea, first profession". The seafood output of Hau Loc district has always occupied a high position in the total output of the whole province for many years, however, compared to the potential, it is still limited because most of the fishing and exploitation means of fishermen are old and outdated. In recent years, the district has focused more on increasing the capacity of fishing vessels, so the whole district currently has 717 fishing vessels (total capacity of 47,035 CV, average capacity of each vessel is 65.6 CV). Besides the exploitation and fishing at sea, aquaculture in Hau Loc has had strong development steps. In the 80s, aquaculture here was still small and fragmented; up to now, the total aquaculture area of the district is nearly 1,100 hectares; of which the saltwater and brackish water farming area is more than 400 hectares; providing jobs for 4,275 workers, bringing in an average income of more than 9 million VND/person/year. Da Loc industrial shrimp farming area, coastal tidal flats for mollusk farming in Hai Loc, Da Loc with an area of hundreds of hectares are gradually taking effect and initially bringing high economic efficiency.

However, due to the characteristics of its geographical location, Hau Loc has to suffer many serious consequences from natural disasters every year, causing a significant decrease in the district's economic growth rate for many years. However, in recent years, Hau Loc's GDP has always grown at over 10%, although it still has to cope with storms, floods and severe salinity. Hau Loc people are trying to escape poverty.

to rise up and get rich, including an important contribution from the marine economy.

*Hoang Hoa District

Hoang Hoa is a coastal plain district, bordering the sea to the east, Hau Loc district to the north, Thieu Hoa, Yen Dinh and Vinh Loc districts to the west, Quang Xuong district, Thanh Hoa city and part of Dong Son district to the south. With the advantage of geographical location and potential of land, resources and people, in the years of renovation, the Party Committee, government and people of Hoang Hoa district have promoted the heroic revolutionary tradition, strived to rise up, creating a strong change in the restructuring of the rural economy, developing industry, and developing tourism services.

Hoang Hoa is considered a district with a large population and rich potential.

for socio-economic development. Therefore, in recent years, along with strong economic growth (average annual economic growth rate is 9.8%), Hoang Hoa has great potential to strongly develop industry and occupations: agricultural, livestock, fishing and aquaculture products are very rich and diverse; relatively large reserves of natural resources (construction sand with the ability to exploit 200,000 m3/year, brick and tile production 50 million pieces/year); favorable infrastructure (national power grid system with 94 low-voltage substations, medium-voltage system with a capacity of nearly 9,000 kVA covering 100% of communes and towns, meeting production needs in the area). Many occupations tend to stabilize and develop. According to statistics of the People's Committee of Hoang Hoa district, the agricultural and food processing industry with the current production scale has accounted for 28.5% of the total industrial production value of the district. The forestry processing industry such as rattan and bamboo weaving, and household wooden products have been maintained and increasingly expanded. The textile industry has been restored. In addition, the district has also opened the carpet and sedge mat weaving industry because this product has a relatively stable market, with the potential to account for up to 10%. The construction materials industry has met the basic construction needs. Many communes have created favorable conditions.

favorable conditions for industry development, from investing in building infrastructure, planning industrial and commercial centers, restoring traditional occupations, to finding consumer markets...

*Quang Xuong District

As a coastal plain district with a natural land area of 227.63 km2 , Quang Xuong has long been considered the province's rice key. With a coastline of nearly 18km, Quang Xuong is one of the districts with potential for aquatic and seafood products. Moreover, it is located on National Highway 1A, National Highway 45, 47, Provincial Road No. 4, to the north is Thanh Hoa city with Le Mon Industrial Park, to the south is Nghi Son - Tinh Gia Dynamic Industrial Park, and at the same time, the district has an important position in terms of security and defense of the province. This is a particularly important advantage.

to attract investment for economic development and defense consolidation.

Quang Xuong is considered a poor district of Thanh Hoa province, Dong Nai province.

The land is not very favorable, and it is also subject to many natural disasters. However, at present, the district's economy is considered quite good in the province, GDP has continuously increased over the years, per capita income has increased quite a bit (498.7 USD in 2006), and people's lives are improving. In addition, the economic structure has shifted positively towards reducing the proportion of agriculture - forestry, increasing the proportion of industry - handicrafts and commercial services. That miraculous change is due to Quang Xuong's innovation in thinking, thinking and doing.

* Sam Son Town

Sam Son is 16 km east of Thanh Hoa city. The natural area is about 18 km2 , bordering the Ma River to the north, the sea to the east and south.

East, West borders Quang Xuong district. Sam Son has 3 wards (Bac Son, Truong Son, Trung Son), 2 communes (Quang Tien, Quang Cu)

Nature has blessed Sam Son with a wonderful, poetic beach with many historical relics - a priceless asset of Sam Son from ancient times.