Coastal economic development policy of Thanh Hoa province in the period from 2000-2010

be solved on the basis of a team of technically qualified and highly skilled workers, while applying new scientific and technological advances to improve the production process to improve product quality, increase productivity and reduce product costs. Therefore, human resource training policies and scientific and technological policies must be given special attention in policies, resolutions as well as in practice in the coming years. Currently, Thanh Hoa has a training system with quite large universities, high schools, colleges and vocational schools, with a large number of teachers at all levels of 2,500 people. This is a condition for Thanh Hoa to develop a human resource training system for the province in general and the coastal region in particular.

In 2010, the number of working-age laborers in Thanh Hoa province will be 2,575.7 thousand people and is forecasted to be 2,788 thousand people in 2020. This is a very important resource to meet the development requirements of the province in the coming time, but it is also a great pressure on the issue of job creation. Currently, most of the laborers in the province are unskilled laborers, coming from agricultural production, so the technical level and skills of the laborers are limited, their competitiveness is poor, and they have not met the current labor recruitment requirements of enterprises. In the coming time, the demand for labor is very large, capable of solving jobs for most of the province's surplus laborers, but the requirements for the level and quality of human resources are also increasing. Therefore, in the coming time, there needs to be a plan and active policies to train and improve the quality of human resources to meet the development requirements of the province. To ensure the above goals, it is necessary to synchronously implement the following solutions:

Building marine human resources must include researchers, managers, experts and a team of highly trained and skilled workers in all sectors required by the coastal economy, such as maritime (shipping, shipbuilding, seaports); oil and gas exploitation and processing, fishing, aquaculture and seafood processing, services, coastal tourism, marketing human resources, etc.

- Strengthen training of highly qualified staff (PhD, Master), promote the role of intellectuals in the socio-economic development of the province.

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- Expanding forms of training and vocational training, focusing on industries such as: construction, mining, construction materials production, mechanical engineering, electricity, petrochemicals, tourism, foreign languages, information technology, healthcare, education, agricultural, forestry and fishery processing, economic management... in many forms, including full-time, part-time, short-term, long-term... Coordinate with businesses to organize training and recruit local workers.

- Strengthen the training capacity of universities, colleges, and vocational high schools in the area, moving towards establishing multidisciplinary universities to expand human resource training, meeting the development requirements of the province and the North Central region. Focus on investing in vocational training centers, well-equipped with facilities and infrastructure, consolidating the teaching staff, and improving training capacity. Encourage businesses to participate in vocational training for the province's workforce.

- Continue to promote the connection between the province's training facilities and training and vocational training centers in Hanoi to expand the scale and forms of training for the province's workforce. Prioritize the training of skilled workers and highly qualified technical staff. Focus on improving foreign language proficiency to access new science and technology.

- Expand vocational training and transfer of skills in many appropriate forms. Have policies to encourage artisans to transfer their skills and support vocational training for the workforce. Policy to grant scholarships to the poor with good learning ability and to social policy beneficiaries. Organize well the forms of promotion, support and job introduction for the province's workforce, especially the young workforce.

- Encourage and promote the socialization of education and training, encourage businesses to spend their own money to train their workforce, and at the same time support the province's education and training work.

- The province needs to allocate appropriate resources to focus on investing in a number of necessary stages and fields of education and training; have a policy of collecting tuition fees and mobilizing contributions from employers of trained workers according to the principle that whoever pays for the training has the right to use it.

- Strengthen inspection and supervision of the implementation of labor laws. Improve social insurance mechanisms, health care for workers, social subsidies, and mobilize people to effectively implement family planning.

For specific industries, attention should be paid to the following issues:

Firstly, for the fisheries sector . Regarding labor resources, the current workforce of the fisheries sector has 45,616 specialized workers and 48,500 fisheries workers combined with other occupations. According to forecasts, by 2020, there will be 82,000 people specializing in fisheries and 85,000 people combined with fisheries. The problem is that there needs to be a policy of vocational training of all kinds through schools, classes with high school diplomas, Captains, chief engineers, CNKT, etc., reaching only about 4,000 people, workers trained through Fisheries Extension and Agricultural Extension programs account for about 6,000 people.

Workers in the aquaculture industry, especially those in aquaculture and aquatic seed production, are workers who use biotechnology and require a certain level of expertise to manage, direct, operate and perform technical operations. The number of workers increasing in the coming period will mainly be those in aquaculture and aquatic seed production due to the increase in area, subjects and forms of farming.

For mining workers in key positions such as Captain, Chief Engineer, Electrician, Mechanic, 100% must be trained; mining workers must be trained at least 30%.

For workers in shipbuilding and ship repair, at least 30% must be trained, ensuring that facility owners, managers, and key positions in teams and groups must be trained. For workers in aquaculture and aquatic seed production, 40-50% must be trained. Owners of aquaculture and seed production facilities, key positions in teams and groups, and workers directly involved in aquaculture and seed production must be trained.

To meet the above training requirements, it is necessary to have an investment policy to upgrade the Fisheries High School into a Fisheries College to train workers in the Fisheries industry to reach vocational college level in specialized fields of ship control, ship engine use, aquaculture, seafood processing, industrial electricity and production accounting.

In addition, attention should be paid to investment in training at college, university and post-graduate levels, ensuring that each offshore fishing vessel, each facility and each farming area

Fresh, brackish, salty, key positions in production, business, service and research establishments have staff and workers with college, university and post-graduate degrees.

- Second, for the industry . Along with strengthening the training of highly qualified staff, it is necessary to expand vocational training in many forms, including formal, on-the-job, short-term, and long-term to increase the professional qualifications of workers. Coordinate with enterprises in the program to organize programs, train and recruit local workers; prioritize training skilled workers and highly qualified technical staff; Have policies to encourage artisans to pass on their skills and support vocational training for the workforce, organize many forms of promotion, support and job referrals.

Third, for the tourism industry, through measures to diversify training and through large programs to improve the quality of human resources; attract good experts and highly skilled workers from outside, especially from localities where the tourism industry is developing, into priority areas where the local workforce is still too thin; implement outsourcing of external experts for some specific tasks.

Fourth, for farmers , focus on guidance, introducing experiences, and building effective production and business models for farmers to learn.

3.2.5. Promote policies to encourage research and application of science and technology in production and business sectors in coastal areas.

Along with solutions to increase investment capital, develop human resources, improve production efficiency and increase product competitiveness requires continuous technological innovation. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to science and technology work, focusing first on key stages, development and application programs, bringing scientific and technological advances to support development.

In the basic construction capital of the State budget, it is necessary to allocate an appropriate proportion depending on each industry for technological innovation, ensuring that the growth rate of costs for technological innovation is higher than the growth rate of general basic investment. In addition, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of using

Use of investment capital in science and technology. Allocate a portion of investment capital to strengthen agencies providing science and technology services (measurement, product testing, etc.).

Increase funding for scientific research in the agricultural sector, ensuring a minimum rate within the annual budget expenditure limit as prescribed. Focus research on testing new plant and animal varieties of high economic value for local production. Allocate adequate funding for the mass application of experimental scientific advances in production, linking research with local production practices.

Promote investment in construction, gradually form high-tech zones, high-tech agricultural zone models, focus on applying science and technology in identifying new selected varieties, specialty varieties in aquaculture, increase the proportion of main products from selected crops and livestock and apply intensive farming techniques to reach 80.0% of production value by 2020.

There are preferential policies for enterprises investing in applying new and advanced technologies in production. Build and replicate good production models, good business, high economic efficiency, especially in the fields of agriculture, forestry and handicrafts. For agriculture, it is necessary to promote the application of high-yield, disease-resistant plant and animal varieties suitable to the province's conditions; apply advanced technologies in the stages of preserving and processing agricultural products and other manufacturing industries.

Focus on building and developing information networks. Quickly deploy the construction of information infrastructure to widely apply information technology in production and business as well as state management activities.

There are synchronous policies to encourage and promote industries and enterprises to actively apply new science and technology. Tax exemption for capital of enterprises for technological innovation. Tax exemption for a limited period for enterprises conducting trial production. Encourage increased investment in technological innovation implementation in the industrial and agricultural sectors of the province.

Particularly for coastal economic development, some important science and technology solutions are:

- For the fisheries sector . The areas and issues that need to be further studied and applied in the fisheries sector in the coming period include exploitation, aquaculture and processing. The province needs to have a policy of coordination between education and training, research and technology transfer, within the province and with leading scientific institutions nationwide such as the Institute of Marine Research, the Institute of Aquaculture Research I, II and III, the University of Fisheries and especially the North Central Sub-Institute of Aquaculture Research to carry out research on topics, models, projects and apply scientific and technological advances transferred by those units.

There is a policy to build experimental and practice facilities in the fields of training and research (especially in the fields of mechanics, exploitation, seed production, aquaculture, disease prevention, preservation and processing) for the Aquatic High School. Establish an environmental warning department under the Quarantine Station (Sub-Department of Aquatic Resources Protection) to monitor environmental developments, promptly detect and issue warnings, measures to prevent, remedy and handle environmental issues for aquaculture areas and activities in the aquatic sector.

Establish a Center for Research and Production of Aquatic Seeds such as a Freshwater Seed Farm and a Saltwater and Brackish Water Seed Farm to provide high-quality plant and animal varieties to farmers.

- For industry. Allocate an appropriate proportion of budget capital for technological innovation, strengthen agencies providing scientific and technological services (measurement, product testing, etc.);

There are preferential policies for enterprises investing in applying new and advanced technologies in production, encouraging enterprises to apply advanced quality management systems according to international standards, creating a Science - Technology market associated with Trade Promotion and brand building, especially specific brands of Thanh Hoa industrial products, promoting the establishment of science and technology enterprises...;

Building and replicating models of applying advanced technologies in the stages of preserving and processing agricultural products and other manufacturing industries...;

Investigate the level of enterprise technology. Develop a roadmap and strategy for technological innovation for enterprises, promote research and application, and gradually form new, high-tech industries;

- For sedge and peanuts, to promote intensive cultivation, improve productivity, quality and economic efficiency of sedge and peanuts, it is necessary to pay attention to some measures such as: Selecting and improving sedge varieties to achieve high productivity, focusing on research and building high-quality breeding models; transferring technology to sedge and peanut communes; Strengthening pest control, care and fertilization, processing and preservation techniques; It is necessary to focus on building product brands for sedge and peanuts, and strengthening trade promotion; The State needs to have policies to support the construction of infrastructure for traffic systems, planning irrigation in sedge and peanut areas, meeting irrigation needs, and having plans to maximize irrigation capacity; pumping stations, regulating sluice systems on irrigation and water intake canals, etc.

- For food vegetables and fruits . Build a model for producing vegetables and fruits using advanced technology. Research and build a model for producing food vegetables and fruits using high technology, providing good, disease-free varieties, providing high-quality products to the market, thereby transferring technology to farmers to promote the rapid application of advanced techniques.

Safe vegetable production models using advanced techniques have been built in some places in the province. However, there are still too few models, and the models are still small-scale, with monotonous products, so the efficiency is not high. In the coming time, it is necessary to mobilize financial resources from agricultural extension, from scientific research, and investment to build many safe vegetable production models, on a large scale, with more diverse products, gradually reducing costs to compete with vegetables that do not meet safety standards. Gradually expand the form of vegetable and fruit production in greenhouses, watering using water-saving methods...

In planting, care and intensive farming techniques, it is necessary to encourage, guide and eventually force farmers in specialized areas to comply with safe and clean vegetable cultivation techniques issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Apply the process of safe vegetable production in greenhouses to be proactive in cultivation, avoid harmful effects such as rain, wind and storms on vegetables and fruits, limit the penetration of pests and diseases... Apply the process of integrated pest control IPM to produce safe vegetables, limit the use of pesticides, causing environmental pollution and affecting the health of producers and consumers. Build facilities to preserve fresh vegetables and fruits, process and package them appropriately for domestic consumption and export such as pickled cucumbers and pickled eggplants.

3.3. CONDITIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING POLICY SOLUTIONS FOR COASTAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THANH HOA PROVINCE TO 2015, WITH A VISION TO 2020

3.3.1. Perfecting the institutional environment for coastal economic development in Thanh Hoa province

The State needs to soon build a legal system on coastal economic development. To turn potential and advantages into reality and develop Vietnam's marine economy sustainably are opportunities but also full of challenges, because the exploitation and use of seas and islands in our country are revealing many limitations, because: The assessment and recognition of the potential of marine and island resources are still not at the right level; the coordination between relevant ministries and functional branches to build an institutional environment for the use of seas and islands still lacks unity; lacks mechanisms; the State does not have appropriate policies to build a comprehensive, unified and synchronous plan (due to limited State investment for the task of exploiting marine economic potential, it is not commensurate with the existing potential, as well as the current situation of the country). Furthermore, in the context of many ministries and sectors participating in sea management, coordination is still lacking, management functions are overlapping, leading to inadequacies in planning management as well as exploitation and use of sea and island potential. To overcome this situation, we recommend:

Coastal economic development policy of Thanh Hoa province in the period from 2000-2010 - 21

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