Thanks to the ability to promote and mobilize the province's available resources, both crop and livestock farming have developed in the direction of commodity production, product diversification, and increased efficiency in land and labor use. Specifically:
2.2.1.1. Cultivation and animal husbandry..
* First of all, food production in Nam Dinh has grown rapidly, with a fairly stable growth rate compared to before the province was re-established in 1997, especially compared to the pre-renovation period and other localities in our country. Food grain output (including rice and corn) has increased rapidly, from 971.3 thousand tons in 1998 to 1,002.6 thousand tons in 2004. And despite the severe impact of the recent storm No. 7, it is estimated that food grain output in 2005 will reach nearly 1 million tons.
Table 2.1. Some indicators of grain crops
1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Total sown area | 172342 | 171764 | 171470 | 169595 | 168153 | 166938 | 1666521 | 165132 |
planted (ha) | ||||||||
- Rice | 165189 | 165746 | 166278 | 166188 | 165338 | 164035 | 162972 | 161017 |
- Corn | 7153 | 6018 | 5192 | 3407 | 2815 | 2903 | 3549 | 4115 |
Total output (tons) | 927672 | 971444 | 990171 | 976510 | 979924 | 993428 | 958767 | 1002561 |
- Rice | 904456 | 952271 | 973812 | 965618 | 970693 | 983339 | 946169 | 986934 |
- Corn | 23216 | 19173 | 16359 | 10892 | 9231 | 10089 | 12598 | 15627 |
Yield (tons/ha) | ||||||||
- Rice | 54.80 | 57.50 | 58.80 | 58.10 | 58.71 | 59.95 | 58.06 | 61.29 |
- Corn | 32.70 | 31.80 | 32.00 | 31.96 | 32.79 | 34.75 | 35.50 | 37.98 |
Average food head weight (kg) | 499.7 | 518.2 | 523.3 | 512.8 | 511.3 | 514.3 | 495.5 | 514.9 |
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Source: 9,10
Thanks to the average increase in food output of more than 2.5%/year, higher than the population growth rate of the province (less than 2%/year), the average food per capita has also increased over the years: from 449.7kg/person in 1997 to 514.9kg/person in 2004, one of the localities with the highest average food volume in our country. However, in Nam Dinh, if in previous years, agricultural production mainly focused on developing grain crops to ensure food security, in recent years
Here, agricultural production has undergone a strong transformation, diversifying the structure of crops and livestock towards commodity production.
Regarding rice , in Nam Dinh, as well as some other localities, before 2000, the area and output of rice increased over the years, but since 2000, a different trend has appeared: the area has decreased, the output has increased but not significantly. This is a new feature in agricultural production in Nam Dinh.
The trend of changing the crop structure is also a new trend in rice production in Nam Dinh. The winter-spring rice crop has many advantages in terms of season, sunlight, humidity, climate, weather, varieties, intercropping ability, high and stable yield, high selling price, low cost, so it has a rapid growth trend. The winter-spring crop often encounters many difficulties due to storms and floods, but thanks to a good irrigation system and active prevention by farmers, the productivity and output of the winter-spring rice crop still increase every year, but the increase is not significant.
Table 2.2: Area and rice yield by crop
1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Winter-Spring crop | |||||||
- Area (ha) | 80967 | 81938 | 82393 | 82107 | 81252 | 80913 | 79953 |
- Output (tons) | 532756 | 537028 | 554939 | 553402 | 555656 | 556305 | 556461 |
- Productivity (tons/ha) | 65.7 | 65.5 | 67.35 | 67.40 | 68.38 | 68.75 | 69.60 |
Crop | |||||||
- Area (ha) | 84707 | 82797 | 83795 | 83231 | 82783 | 82059 | 81064 |
- Output (tons) | 419464 | 436809 | 410679 | 417291 | 427683 | 389864 | 430473 |
- Productivity (tons/ha) | 49.5 | 52.7 | 49.01 | 50.13 | 51.66 | 47.51 | 53.10 |
Source: 9,10
Along with the change in crop structure, many localities in the province have proactively innovated the rice variety structure in the direction of increasing the proportion of rice varieties with good quality, gradually reducing low quality rice varieties for higher productivity. Although this trend is not yet popular, it initially forms areas for producing specialty rice with suitable rice quality.
with the demand of domestic and export markets. For example, Tam Xoan rice in Hai Hau, Hoa Vang sticky rice in My Loc...
Thus, the fact that the productivity, output and value of rice cultivation have increased rapidly, while the rice cultivation area is on a downward trend, proves that Nam Dinh has effectively implemented intensive farming, especially the introduction of new rice varieties into production, which has ensured stable development of rice productivity throughout the year. This fact shows that the trend of changing crop structure to increase economic efficiency is consistent with the requirements of a commodity economy linked to the market.
In recent years in Nam Dinh, some starchy food crops such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, and cassava have also been focused on, contributing to food production, as shown in the following table:
Table 2.3: Area and yield of some starchy root crops
1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Sweet potato | |||||||
- Area (ha) | 6242 | 6963 | 6968 | 5708 | 5572 | 5612 | 4348 |
- Output (tons) | 47467 | 55413 | 52055 | 41638 | 41890 | 42615 | 33246 |
Hunting | |||||||
- Area (ha) | 164 | 220 | 256 | 320 | 353 | 341 | 354 |
- Output (tons) | 1301 | 1594 | 1996 | 2507 | 2702 | 2397 | 2633 |
Source: 9,10
With such achievements in food production, Nam Dinh has made an important contribution to the stability and development of food, ensuring national food security and turning our country from a country with food shortages (before 1988) into a country ranked 2nd in the world (after Thailand) in rice export.
It can be said that since the province was re-established until now, food production in general and rice production in particular have grown rapidly, thus transforming Nam Dinh countryside from an economic area heavily dependent on self-sufficiency and self-reliance, heavily influenced by the old economic mechanism, into a locality with rapidly developing agricultural commodity production.
* About industrial trees, fruit trees and some other crops.
In addition to improving the level of rice cultivation, the reasonable conversion of crops should not only ensure domestic food security and continue to promote rice export, but also reserve land and other resources to develop industrial crops, fruit trees and other crops. Implementing the motto "what land, what tree", Nam Dinh countryside has actively developed the cultivation of industrial crops and fruit trees, flowers and ornamental plants. The conversion of area from growing food crops with low efficiency and productivity to growing industrial crops such as cotton, jute, sedge, peanuts, soybeans... and growing flowers and ornamental plants with high economic value is a positive and correct trend. Due to the effectiveness of intensive investment, the productivity and output of these crops and industrial crops have increased rapidly in recent years.
Table 2.4: Production situation of some other crops
1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Vegetables, beans - Area (thousand hectares) - Output (thousand tons) | 13.5 138.0 | 13.4 145.8 | 14.3 165.7 | 16.7 202.1 | 18.1 222.6 | 17.8 221.5 | 19.3 244.6 |
Lost | |||||||
- Area (thousand hectares) | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 5.2 | 5.6 | 6.1 |
- Output (thousand tons) | 7.9 | 9.2 | 11.0 | 13.9 | 17.9 | 19.3 | 21.7 |
Soybeans | |||||||
- Area (thousand hectares) | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.8 |
- Output (thousand tons) | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.7 |
Source : 9,10
By using new, high-yielding varieties of crops, the output of these crops has increased significantly. This proves that, along with intensive farming, Nam Dinh farmers have known how to diversify crops to increase the value per unit of cultivated area.
Thus, if we know how to promote existing advantages and grasp market needs, and dare to think and act, farmers will not only rise up from poverty but also rise up to become rich.
* About livestock:
Livestock and poultry farming is also of interest to the authorities and farmers in the province because of the significant economic value it brings. Due to the development of food production and abundant feed for livestock, the number of livestock and poultry has increased steadily.
Table 2.5: Livestock and poultry farming situation
1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Number of buffaloes (thousand children) | 15.3 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 12.6 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 9.3 | 9.1 |
Number of cows (thousand children) | 21.7 | 23.9 | 27.9 | 28.4 | 27.0 | 27.1 | 29.4 | 34.1 |
Number of poultry (thousand children) | 513.0 | 523.0 | 537.6 | 563.7 | 629.1 | 675.4 | 716.2 | 736.8 |
Source : 9,10
In Nam Dinh, in a short time, livestock and poultry such as chickens, egg-laying ducks, lean pigs, cows, etc. have developed rapidly and strongly in number, except for buffalo farming. Currently, like many provinces in our country, increasing cattle farming and reducing the number of buffaloes is not simply to meet the demand for traction but mainly for meat and sale on the market because of the high economic efficiency. It can be affirmed that the trend of diversifying livestock and poultry farming, developing relatively comprehensively towards commodity production in Nam Dinh is very clear, is developing strongly, along with it is the quality of livestock supplied to the market is increasingly improved and guaranteed, many products are exported. Many farming households and farms have also proactively increased investment capital to expand the scale of livestock farming.
Table 2.6: Agricultural production value at current prices
Unit: billion VND
1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 |
Crop
2512.1 | 2581.0 | 2538.7 | 2610.4 | 2771.6 | 2799.6 | 3141.4 | |
Animal husbandry | 633.8 | 692.0 | 708.4 | 737.0 | 881.2 | 995.6 | 1300.0 |
Cultivation services and livestock | 28.5 | 37.5 | 122.9 | 127.4 | 129.6 | 146.7 | 130.7 |
Total product value agricultural export | 3174.5 | 3310.7 | 3370.0 | 3474.8 | 3782.4 | 3942.1 | 4572.8 |
2.2.1.2. Regarding aquatic products:
Source : 39
Nam Dinh is one of the localities with many advantages in aquaculture and fishing. With a large river system, many swamps, lagoons and especially a relatively long coastline, in recent times, the exploitation and aquaculture of aquatic products has increased rapidly in terms of output and economic value. Up to now, Nam Dinh is one of the two provinces (after Hai Phong) with the strongest aquaculture development among the northern coastal provinces. The total output in 1998 was only 28,976 tons, but by 2004 it had reached 60,231 tons, accounting for more than 20% of the total aquatic output of the entire Red River Delta. In which, the proportion of exploitation and aquaculture is also relatively even. That proves that the aquaculture industry of Nam Dinh has developed quite comprehensively.
The rapid development of Nam Dinh's aquaculture industry in recent years has made important contributions to GDP, job creation, and increased export turnover of the province. This is shown in the following table:
Table 2.7: Aquaculture situation
1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Output (tons), of which: - Exploit - Cultivation | 28976 12194 9594 | 38384 16868 10392 | 43946 26319 17627 | 46850 26761 20089 | 51609 29000 22609 | 55071 24308 22714 | 60231 23536 28074 |
Fishery workers (people) | 6258 | 6322 | 6370 | 11345 | 13094 | 14043 | 15489 |
Production value at comparable prices compared to 1994 (tr.đ) | 227547 | 288052 | 328813 | 310725 | 369755 | 429514 | 493008 |
Source: 9,10
Although Nam Dinh's aquaculture output is high, the number of workers in the aquaculture industry is very low, less than 1% of the total number of workers in the agricultural sector. Up to now, it can be affirmed that aquaculture has become
One of the key economic sectors of Nam Dinh, contributing to creating abundant wealth, increasing the volume of agricultural products, contributing significantly to the increase in the export turnover value of the province.
The above results are partly due to the fact that the authorities at all levels in Nam Dinh have created conditions for fishermen to buy boats and ships to fish offshore. The development of Nam Dinh's fisheries industry in recent times shows that the commodity economy has penetrated the lives of rural residents in Nam Dinh. Most localities have strongly developed the farming of high-value seafood specialties to meet the domestic and export markets.
Table 2.8. Export turnover value of rural economic sector
Unit: thousand USD
1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Total export turnover conscious | 26503 | 32132 | 37591 | 45940 | 62849 | 65756 | 78089 | 104529 |
Rural industrial and handicraft products | 2748 | 4123 | 12794 | 14868 | 21000 | 28721 | 42693 | 61487 |
Agricultural products | 3939 | 8231 | 4431 | 6590 | 5089 | 4016 | 3661 | 5270 |
Forest products | 1441 | 1918 | 549 | 2072 | 1348 | 222 | 1226 | 2126 |
Source: 9,10
2.2.2. The structure of the rural economy shifts towards industrialization and modernization.
In recent years of innovation, the CCNKTNT has had positive changes in the direction of intensive farming, diversification and development of commodity agriculture. After a period of not being focused on development, the rural industry and handicrafts have now been revived and begun to develop quite well, followed by the development of the rural service sector.
In Nam Dinh, the government and farmers are very active in gradually eliminating monoculture of rice and food crops, developing integrated business. Therefore, the rural economic structure by production sector in Nam Dinh has shifted towards
The trend is to gradually increase the proportion of industry, handicrafts and services, and gradually reduce the proportion of agriculture in the province's GDP structure.
2.2.2.1. Crop and livestock structure shifts to suit market requirements and regional ecological characteristics.
In Nam Dinh, as well as many localities in our country, during the renovation period, the economic structure of the province's agricultural production sector has had a positive shift.
Table 2.9. Structure of agricultural production value
(including farming and livestock)
1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | |
Production value at current prices | ||||||||
(billion dong): | ||||||||
- Cultivation | 2063.1 | 2512.2 | 2581.0 | 2538.7 | 2610.4 | 2771.6 | 2799.6 | 3141.3 |
- Animal husbandry | 654.6 | 633.9 | 692.0 | 708.4 | 737.0 | 881.2 | 995.8 | 1300.7 |
- Cultivation and livestock services | 27.0 | 28.5 | 37.6 | 123.0 | 127.4 | 129.6 | 146.7 | 130.6 |
Structure (%): | ||||||||
- Cultivation | 75.1 | 79.1 | 78.0 | 75.3 | 75.1 | 73.3 | 71.0 | 68.6 |
- Animal husbandry | 23.8 | 20.0 | 20.9 | 21.0 | 21.2 | 23.3 | 25.3 | 28.4 |
- Cultivation and livestock services | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 3.0 |
Source: 9,10
From the table above, we can see that the trend of change within the agricultural production sector in Nam Dinh is that crop cultivation is gradually decreasing and livestock farming is increasing. In 1997, the value structure of livestock farming was 23.8%, which increased to 28.4% in 2004. It is expected that in 2005, the structure of livestock farming will be over 30%, crop cultivation will decrease to 66.7%.[38-3]
For cultivation, the transformation of crop structure is clearly shown over the years. Particularly for rice cultivation, Nam Dinh has actively innovated the crop structure and cultivated methods. In recent years, the rice area has gradually decreased while developing special, high-quality rice varieties, winter-spring crops, low-lying areas, and seasonal crops have been converted to growing high-value industrial crops, aquaculture such as: growing spring peanuts, summer-autumn soybeans, raising fish, and converting from rice-growing land to growing flowers and ornamental plants. Thanks to the structural transformation