Developing Rural Economic Infrastructure to Better Meet the Demands of the Agricultural and Rural Sector.

- Complete infrastructure, technology transfer system, and agricultural extension system strong enough to meet production and rural life requirements, in which the State plays the leading role.

- Develop household economy into small enterprises in rural areas if conditions permit, with legal status equal to other economic forms.

- Implement insurance policy for agricultural production

- Tax exemption on farmers' production and income.

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* About farm economics:

The farm economy that emerged in recent years in Nam Dinh and our country is a product of the renovation process, the result of the creative application of the Party and State's policies and guidelines, and the response of a segment of farmers who have the will to get rich and the ability to become rich. This is an inevitable process, consistent with the objective laws of the development of the socialist-oriented market economy in our country as well as the requirements of the cause of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas. Currently, the development of the farm economy in Nam Dinh is facing many difficulties and obstacles. Therefore, in order for the farm economy in the province to continue to develop, improve operational efficiency and competitiveness in the market mechanism, it is necessary to implement the following measures:

- The State needs to have appropriate policies and institutions for the development of farm economy;

- We cannot let farms develop spontaneously and without direction, but must be linked to target planning programs and master plans in agricultural and rural development.

- Due to limited area, farms need to accelerate the accumulation and concentration of capital and labor to be more technical, to move towards higher specialization according to the motto "produce what the market needs", production is directly linked to the domestic market and export market.

- Continue to expand cooperation between farms, between farms and household economy and with businesses, and with organizations researching and implementing science and technology.

- Encourage the development of livestock farms and aquaculture farms with high economic value on the basis of effectively exploiting the advantages of each locality.

- Local authorities need to support capital, production techniques, processing, product consumption, infrastructure construction, creating conditions for farms to develop sustainably. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen state management so that farms can develop healthily and have socio-economic efficiency.

* On cooperative development:

In our country's rural areas, since the early years of "renovation", tens of thousands of "cooperative economic groups" have been spontaneously established by farmers everywhere. These are "inter-family" groups with the need to cooperate and help each other, perhaps simply borrowing and exchanging. In the conditions of developing commodity production, with a higher scale, larger organizations, more households participating, with self-established regulations, with an executive department elected by members, everyone contributes capital to buy materials, agricultural tools, then shares profits according to contributed capital and labor... But in the current socio-economic situation of our country, this type of "cooperative group" also needs help from the state and their path forward will be new-style cooperatives, agricultural enterprises, etc.

New-style cooperatives are cooperatives that operate in accordance with the contents and methods prescribed by the Law on Cooperatives (1997). That is, cooperatives only provide production services for member households, not directly managing production. In Nam Dinh, there are currently 312 new-style cooperatives, of which 2 are newly established, the rest are converted cooperatives. However, more than half of the converted cooperatives have not yet been effective, so to let new-style cooperatives

In order for Nam Dinh to develop in the right direction and effectively, the following issues need to be resolved:

- Districts need to proactively develop training plans and foster management and professional staff for cooperatives.

- Continue to innovate and perfect new-style cooperatives in terms of economic content, organizational form and management mechanism on the basis of ensuring that farmer households are autonomous economic units because the new farm household economy is the objective basis for the formation and development of cooperative economic forms in agriculture and rural areas.

- Completely handle the outstanding debts of cooperatives from 1996 and before, creating favorable conditions for cooperatives to borrow capital sources, including preferential capital, to develop production and business.

* Promote economic linkages between households, farms, cooperatives and other economic organizations.

From the practical development of the years of innovation, it can be seen that the production relations in rural areas of our country can change in the following three main directions:

First, the direction of cooperative development. The production of small farmers will sooner or later develop to the point where there is a need for association, from forms of labor exchange to specialized services, from small to large scale. Cooperatives in turn expand their association with many other economic forms, household production is gradually socialized and changes in nature, becoming economic units in the large production machine.

Second , the direction of farm development. Economic development of smallholder farmers according to different types of farms allows for the accumulation of resources through resource accumulation. In places with a lot of land, land is accumulated to grow industrial crops, forest trees, and fruit trees; in plains with little land, capital is accumulated for fishing, animal husbandry, etc. Gradually, farms will link together or with other economic forms to transform the economic structure on a larger, more fundamental scale.

Third, the direction of private enterprise development. Well-off farmers gradually shift to production in non-agricultural fields, becoming owners of tractors, milling mills, transport vehicles, etc. Others shift to business and services. This direction of development can start individually, creating a number of rich people, who transfer technology or create jobs for others, gradually raising the overall income. It can also take place on a village scale, forming craft villages, rapidly changing the CNKKTNT.

All three directions above originate from practical models in many regions of our country and in the world. However, it is difficult to say which form will dominate and become the main economic form in the countryside in the future. Each development direction has its own advantages and limitations. It is very likely that all three directions will spread in the future, intertwined with each other. Because the economic linkage between households, farms, cooperatives - the subjects of rural economic development with other economic organizations, training organizations, research and application of science and technology is an inevitable part of production development and social division of labor. In our country in recent years, many such linkage models have emerged, the most prominent of which is the model of "Song Hau Farm".

3.2.2. Developing rural economic infrastructure to better meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

Economic infrastructure is the basis for promoting the production and circulation of goods, increasing labor productivity, reducing product costs, contributing to increasing income for producers and traders of goods. Therefore, in the current conditions, economic infrastructure must be continuously developed and always one step ahead of the development level of the economy.

Economic infrastructure includes many factors, but for the process of rural economic development, the factors that play a major role are the rural transport network; irrigation system and electricity system.

village

3.2.2.1. Building, developing and perfecting the rural transport network

Rural transport network is the most important part of infrastructure.

The rural infrastructure is decisive for the development of the rural economy. Therefore, for Nam Dinh as well as many other localities, the development of the transport network, especially rural transport, is a particularly important solution to transform the rural economy, which still bears the imprint of the natural economy, into a socialist-oriented market economy. At the same time, this is also the basis for gradually implementing international economic integration. In the process of accelerating the rural transport network, it is necessary to implement a number of contents as follows:

- Authorities at all levels continue to upgrade the inter-provincial and inter-district road system in a basic and modern manner according to national standards, specifically the following routes: upgrading National Highway 21, Nam Dinh City - Thinh Long section, Highway 56, Vu Ban - My Loc section, renovating and upgrading provincial roads 51B, 55, 56, 57, 12... Because, although they are inter-provincial and inter-district roads, because Nam Dinh has a high density of motor vehicles, they not only serve localities in the province and district but also serve localities in the Northern region.

Central.

- Linking the redistribution of population towards the formation of residential clusters, towns, industrial zones, tourist areas... with the construction of roads to ensure the right requirements and quality from the beginning, in order to serve well the residential areas, economic zones to carry out development, production of goods, avoiding the phenomenon of doing things over and over again, repairing many times causing economic waste, especially in the local areas. At the same time, it is necessary to link with the plan to build the key economic zone of the southeast of the Northern Delta and the Government has approved.

- Promote investment in development and upgrading the quality of inter-commune roads. Strive for 100% of communes to have motor vehicle roads to economic centers.

national standards and year-round access. Asphalt or concrete some key routes, serving localities with strong industrial conditions, traditional industries and rural tourist attractions.

- Particularly for waterway traffic, it is necessary to restore and build more large wharves; dredge the riverbed to facilitate both the circulation of goods and ensure the landscape and environment for tourism by boat.

But the difficult problem here is where to get capital and how to use it, when capital is low but the capital demand of all localities is high. In our opinion, capital from the State and international support projects in the coming time should be focused on modernizing national highways, waterways, and bridges on national highways. For inter-provincial, inter-district, and inter-commune roads, capital mobilization should be carried out according to the motto "State and people work together". Specifically, capital should be mobilized to the level of construction and development at which level. When developing and upgrading inter-commune roads, it is necessary to mobilize more working days of the people in the commune. It is important to note that during the implementation process, it is necessary to base on the actual income situation of rural residents to calculate the appropriate contribution level for each place. And there must be a public financial regime in spending the money spent by the commune, district, and province, the money supported by superiors (if any) and the money contributed by the people, to avoid the phenomenon of "muddy water, fattening the brokers" causing loss of State and people's money.

3.2.2.2. Development of irrigation systems.

Irrigation system serves for irrigation and drainage, directly affects the productivity and economic efficiency of agriculture, so it is very important for the development of Nam Dinh's rural economy now as well as in the future. The development of irrigation system in Nam Dinh in the coming time must well solve the following contents:

- Speed up the implementation of projects in progress such as the investment project to upgrade the Hai Hau - Giao Thuy - Nghia sea dike route.

Hung; Ninh Co River dredging project (Xuan Truong district); So River upgrading project (Giao Thuy district), and continue to implement new projects.

- Continue to build and modernize key works, accelerate dredging, repairing, and completing the intra-field canal system and speed up the solidification process to overcome the leakage that causes water loss, save land, reduce irrigation costs, and concretize 100% of intra-field canals.

- Authorities at all levels continue to invest and gradually increase investment in the coming years to enhance dredging and repair of major rivers and canals outside the fields. Weakened dykes (including river and sea dykes) need to be promptly reinforced to withstand all conditions of heavy rain and storms. When conditions permit, continue to gradually upgrade the quality of all river and sea dykes in the entire province, especially the sea dyke route severely affected by storm No. 7 (2005).

- Speed up the repair and replacement of degraded irrigation works. Continue to build new and technically innovate pumping stations that have been used for many years and do not meet design capacity, especially those managed by irrigation companies, which need to be modernized. In the immediate future, increase the number of high-capacity pumps for vertical and diagonal shafts. In particular, it is necessary to reinforce dikes, protect embankments, reinforce dike bodies and dike foundations, enhance flood drainage capacity, prevent termites for dikes and dams, and develop and strengthen underground prefabricated concrete structures and underground surfaces. The State needs to create capital and technical conditions for localities to be proactive in irrigation and drainage, improve crop productivity and efficiency, contribute to promoting stable and sustainable development of commodity agriculture with productivity and quality; promote the process of shifting the agricultural sector in a positive direction, creating a material basis as a premise for industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas now and in the future.

3.2.2.3. Development of rural power grid.

Electricity plays a very important role in the socio-economic development of the country in general, and the development of rural economy in particular. For Nam Dinh, in the coming years, there must be practical measures to consolidate and develop the rural electricity system. Specifically:

- Construct, repair and upgrade transformer stations in localities, especially those with strong development in industry, handicrafts and services, to ensure regular and sufficient supply of electricity for production and consumption.

- Power lines in communes, villages and hamlets must be upgraded, the power pole system must be reinforced, there must be specific planning on the quality of conductors, safety dikes of power lines... to ensure safety for consumers and rural residents, and to avoid electricity theft.

- Localities need to diversify investment methods in electricity production and business; have appropriate policies on electricity use in rural areas and electricity prices in rural areas. In fact, in many localities, farmers have to use electricity at prices that are still very high compared to the state price.

- Increase electricity capacity for water pumping stations, install additional transformers, complete electrical equipment and individual equipment with small to large capacity in districts and communes, fully, promptly and proactively serve water drainage and drought prevention.

3.2.3. Actively mobilize and use investment capital sources reasonably and effectively to serve rural economic development.

Among the resources for developing the rural economy in general and agriculture in particular in the direction of commodity production, capital is an extremely important resource. Capital directly affects the transformation of the rural economy, mobilizing all resources and potentials to serve the development of the rural economy while contributing to solving employment for rural workers, developing transportation, education, training, health care... for rural areas.

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