Current Status of Domestic Solid Waste in Ha Long City and Management Situation

Ha Long Bay is also very rich in aquatic animals and plants. According to research, there are 950 species of fish, 500 species of mollusks and 400 species of crustaceans, including many species of seafood with high economic value such as mackerel, mackerel, grouper, salmon, sea bream, pomfret and shrimp, crab, squid, pearl, abalone, blood cockles... 117 species of coral belonging to 40 families, 12 groups [40].

- Water resources: Surface water resources in Ha Long city are concentrated in Yen Lap lake area (total storage capacity of the whole lake including Yen Hung and Hoanh Bo districts is about 107,200,000 m3 ( measurement time in August 2010)), Khe Ca lake in Ha Tu ward... this is a large source of irrigation water for agricultural production. In addition, there are regulating lakes that create landscape for the city: Yet Kieu, Ao Ca-Kenh Dong...[40].

3.1.2. Economic and social conditions

3.1.2.1. Population

The city's population in 2008 was 223,474 people, by 2012 it was 251,293, an increase of 27,819 people compared to 2008. The average natural population growth rate for the entire period 2008-2012 was 1.051%.

Table 3.1. Population census results in wards in the period 2008-2012

Unit: person

STT

Unit	Year 2008	Year 2009	2010	2011	2012
	City	223474	229122	234592	246322	251293
1	Rose Thorn	8995	9215	9385	9854	10055
2	Bach Dang	11996	12829	12447	13069	13330
3	Tran Hung Dao	9962	10188	10820	11361	11591
4	Yet Kieu	9233	9785	9995	10495	10707
5	Green Heights	16521	17038	17424	18295	18664
6	Ha Khanh	6090	6217	6487	6811	6949
7	Cao Thang	17147	17378	18230	19142	19528
8	Ha Lam	10093	10125	10336	10853	11072

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Ha Trung	8019	8034	7745	8132	8296
10	Ha Tu	12174	12197	12575	13204	13471
11	Ha Phong	9772	9804	9824	10315	10524
12	Red River	15668	15569	15602	16382	16712
13	Red Sea	18005	18440	18323	19239	19627
14	Bai Chay	18981	19472	19890	20885	21306
15	Bottom Well	13317	14071	15423	16194	16519
16	Mouth	11369	11845	12547	13174	13441
17	Hung Thang	5643	5717	5866	6159	6283
18	Tuan Chau	2256	2355	2394	2514	2565
19	Dai Yen	8526	8678	9036	9488	9679
20	Viet Hung	9707	10165	10243	10755	10972

Source: Ha Long City Department of Population and Family Planning, 2013. [12]

- The population density of the whole city in 2008 was 820 people/km2 , by 2012 the population density increased to 834 people/km2.

- The number of workers with jobs in 2012 was 51,967 people, of which the rate of trained workers was 70%.

- In 2012, average income per capita was estimated at 2,680 USD/year (actual price).

Ethnicity: According to 2009 statistics, Ha Long city has 55,172 households with more than 210,000 people, in which in addition to the Kinh ethnic group which is the majority, there are 15 other ethnic groups, namely: San Diu, Hoa, Tay, Nung, Han, Dao, Tho, Muong, Van Kieu, Cao Lan... with 2,073 people, mainly San Diu, Tay, Hoa.

Religion: Buddhism has 5,032 followers with 5 pagodas, including 3 famous pagodas (Long Tien pagoda in Hong Gai ward, Loi Am pagoda in Dai Yen ward and Quang Nghiem pagoda in Ha Tu ward), Catholicism has 1,759 followers with 1 church. The city also has 2 temples to worship Thanh Hoang.

All ethnic groups and religions in the City are united in a big family to build the City to become increasingly prosperous and strong.

3.1.2.2. Current status of economic development

- The economic growth rate in the 5 years (2006-2010) has always been maintained at a high and stable level, the total product (GDP) in 2010 is estimated at 11,968 billion VND (current price), an increase of 2.06 times compared to 2005, the average of 5 years (2006-2010) increased by 15.55%/year; GDP per capita in 2010 (current price) is estimated at 2,680 USD, 1.61 times that of 2005.

- The economic structure continues to shift towards industry - tourism and services - agriculture. In 2006: The proportion of industry and construction: 54.7%, services and tourism: 44.0%, agriculture, forestry and fishery: 1.3%. By 2010, the proportion in the economic structure was industry and construction accounting for 54.8%, services accounting for 44.2% and agriculture, forestry and fishery accounting for 1%.

- Industrial and handicraft production : Industrial and handicraft production is stable; estimated value is 12,673 billion VND, up 7.7% over the same period. Of which, the value of local industrial production is 969 billion VND, equal to 103% of the yearly plan, up 12.7% over the same period; the shipbuilding, coal mining, electricity, brick and tile production, and construction materials industries in the area do not grow high due to the general impact of the economy. Vegetable oil production and other industrial and handicraft industries are basically stable and developing, meeting the production and consumption needs of units and people, serving well for economic development. Deploy statistical review, develop policies and mechanisms to move industrial and handicraft production establishments interspersed in residential areas causing environmental pollution to Ha Khanh Industrial Cluster.

- Agricultural, forestry and fishery production :

+ Agricultural production value reached 43.5 billion VND, 100% of the annual plan; planting area reached 1,287 hectares; green vegetable output reached 11,516 tons, equal to 109% of the plan; organized and opened technical training courses on agriculture for farmers. Timely directed the work of drought prevention, disease prevention, animal and plant control in the area. In 2011, there were no epidemics in the area. Implemented the Japanese JICA project on enhancing management capacity of the crop production sector at Ha Phong Cooperative, piloted lily planting in Viet Hung with results.

+ Aquatic product production value reached 52.24 billion VND, reaching 128% of the yearly plan, equal to 102% over the same period; total aquatic product output is estimated at 2,545 tons = 100% over the same period.

+ Forest management, protection and development have been strengthened in inspection and control; the City has directed functional units and forest owners to regularly inspect, guard, prevent and fight forest fires, and direct units to proactively inspect, prevent and handle cases of illegal transportation of forest products; manage and conserve wildlife. Organized and launched the 2011 Tree Planting Festival, resulting in the planting of 18,140 trees of all kinds. Organized a summary of 10 years of implementing the Fire Prevention and Fighting Law and conducted a fire prevention and fighting drill in the dry season of 2011-2012 at the city level with good results.

- Trade, market management :

+ The market situation is generally stable, basically under control, there is no shortage of goods, especially essential goods, serving the consumption needs of the people. Food safety inspection continues to be maintained and strengthened. The situation of smuggling, banned goods, counterfeit goods, and trade fraud has decreased compared to the same period, however, the situation of smuggling of some goods such as poultry, poultry products, and seafood is still complicated, causing difficulties for the authorities in checking and verifying the origin of goods. Inaugurating and putting into operation the Metro retail center, in 2011, it inspected and mobilized 3,630 businesses and business households to sign commitments, inspected and punished 208 cases of administrative violations with the amount of fines for violations and goods trading reaching 13,719,200,000 VND. Appraisal of documents, issuance of new, exchange and supplement of 3,000 business registration certificates for individual households, registered capital reached 591 billion VND, equal to 166% of the number of registered households compared to the same period [11].

- Tourism : Tourists to Ha Long reached 4,031,098 arrivals = 115% compared to the same period in 2010, of which international visitors reached 2,063,700 arrivals = 116% compared to the same period, revenue reached 2,236 billion VND, reaching 111% compared to the same period; effectively implementing urban beautification activities to serve Ha Long Tourism Week 2011; focusing on effectively implementing the campaign, propaganda, and voting for Ha Long Bay as one of the 7 new natural wonders of the world. On November 11, 2011, the New Open World organization announced the preliminary results that Ha Long Bay had been selected into the list of 7 new natural wonders of the world. On May 1, 2012, the New Open World organization officially awarded the symbol of the world natural wonder to Ha Long Bay.

- In 2011, a general inspection and review of all tourist vessels, motels, hotels, restaurants, business households, and small-scale production establishments were carried out.

residential areas in the area, and at the same time review and handle tax and fee compliance of business households.

3.1.2.3. Current status of infrastructure system

The city has a complete technical infrastructure system such as transportation, water supply and drainage, meeting the development requirements of industries and fields, such as the development of industrial parks, trade, services, and tourism.

The total length of urban roads is about 500km, of which 200km is asphalt road, the rest is gravel road, residential road, density reaches 1.5-1.7km/ km2 .

Railway line connecting Yen Vien - Pha Lai - Ha Long on the railway line

Kep National – Bai Chay has been built. Currently, the railway line is being developed.

Invest in upgrading to meet the demand for freight transport from Hanoi to Ha Long and neighboring provinces.

The system of ports and tourist wharves located in Ha Long Bay is well-equipped and ready to receive domestic and large ocean-going ships.

Ha Long City has two separate water supply systems for Hon Gai and Bai Chay areas.

3.1.2.4. On health and education

In the city, there are a total of 38 state-owned medical facilities, including 04 hospitals, 02 general clinics, 20 ward and commune health stations, 12 agency infirmaries, with a total of 1049 hospital beds and 1667 medical staff, reaching a ratio of 30 doctors and pharmacists per person.

10,000 people. There are also 221 private medical facilities in the area.

The education and training career has made comprehensive progress in terms of facilities, school size, teaching and learning quality. There are 25/61 high schools, middle schools, and primary schools that meet national standards. The work of solidifying schools and classrooms has received investment attention. The socialization of education has made much progress, mobilizing agencies, units, businesses, and individuals to contribute tens of billions of VND every year to invest in facilities, taking care of education and training; career guidance and vocational training continue to develop and increasingly meet the requirements of society. In the city, there is also a provincial training and fostering center for cadres, Nguyen Van Cu Political School, professional colleges and a number of vocational secondary schools.

3.2. Current status of domestic solid waste in Ha Long city and management situation

3.2.1. Sources of domestic solid waste in Ha Long city

Like other cities in the world, Vietnam's cities in general and Ha Long city in particular are facing increasing pressure of waste, especially domestic solid waste. Their sources are diverse, everywhere and can be grouped into main groups such as: domestic solid waste from households, from the streets, waste from market areas, from commercial areas, service centers, from industrial activities and agencies, offices.

Ha Long City, with its location as the cultural, economic and political center of Quang Ninh province, has great potential for tourism, sightseeing and resort exploitation. Currently, Ha Long has the second largest number of tourists after Saigon with about 20 large hotels (more than 2,000 rooms) fully equipped to welcome international guests and more than

300 small hotels. Bai Chay, Thanh Nien, Tuan Chau beaches are increasingly renovated and developed, in addition, an amusement park has been formed...

The coal mining industry annually produces over 10 million tons of coal of all kinds with many large and small mines. Associated with the mines are screening plants, mechanical engineering, transportation enterprises and ports. Ha Long strongly develops shipbuilding industry, construction materials production, seafood processing. Fisheries are a strength due to the region.

Ha Long city is a large trading center, a hub for trading industrial goods, food, and foodstuffs for production and consumption in the mining and tourism industries.

In terms of urban planning, Ha Long has basically completed its planning.

General plan for city construction until 2020. According to statistics, up to now, the city has a total of 513 approved planning projects, including the following areas: Cao Xanh - Ha Khanh urban area, Coc 3, Coc 5, Coc 8 sea encroachment urban area, Hung Thang urban area, Tay Ha Long ecological urban area. In addition, there are many other urban area projects being formed, such as the resort tourism center; industrial parks, Gieng Day construction materials industrial park, green park area.[34]

Pressure measurement

about industrial park

, tourist areas and residential areas are sources of

Domestic solid waste affects the environment of Ha Long city more and more .

large , and need new steps in protecting the special tourist environment of Ha Long city.

know the environment

3.2.2. Ha Long eel block

g, special

points, composition of urban solid waste

According to the 2012 survey results, the average amount of waste per capita in Ha Long city is approximately 0.97 kg/person/day. It is estimated that 251,293 people living in Ha Long city discharge about 243.8 tons/day. The collection rate is about 93% (average collection of about 226.7 tons/day). The amount of daily waste generated in wards in Ha Long city is presented in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2. Amount of domestic solid waste

arising from all means

on the plate

Ha Long city tour 2012

STT

Unit	Area	Amount of waste generated ( ton/day)
	City	27195	243.75
1	Rose Thorn	167	9.82
2	Bach Dang	168	12.91
3	Tran Hung Dao	62	11.38
4	Yet Kieu	154	10.64
5	Green Heights	679	17.57
6	Ha Khanh	3154	7.52
7	Cao Thang	238	18.13
8	Ha Lam	400	11.01
9	Ha Trung	519	8.69
10	Ha Tu	1142	13.04
11	Ha Phong	2400	10.53
12	Red River	350	15.75
13	Red Sea	260	18.99
14	Bai Chay	2100	20.08
15	Bottom Well	5600	15.46

Mouth	828	13.17
17	Hung Thang	389	6.11
18	Tuan Chau	710	2.86
19	Dai Yen	4475	9.51
20	Viet Hung	3400	10.58

Source: Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Quang Ninh, 2012. [27]

In addition to the amount of waste from residential activities, the city also has waste from tourists (about 20 tons/day) and from the activities of markets, businesses and public activities (about 10.3 tons/day).

The composition of domestic solid waste in Ha Long city mainly includes organic solid waste, paper, plastic, wood, fabric, metal, glass, soil and rock... shown in Table 3.3.

Table 3.3. Composition of solid waste volume in Ha Long city

Ingredient	Ratio %
1	Organic waste	55.18
2	Paper	4.54
3	Fabric	4.57
4	Wood	4.93
5	Plastic	14.34
6	Leather and rubber	1.05
7	Metal	0.47
8	Glass	1.69
9	Porcelain	1.27
10	Land and fish	3.08
11	Coal slag	5.7
12	Danger	1.05
13	Mud	2.29
14	Other types	1.46

Source: Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Quang Ninh, 2012. [28]

The above results show that the composition of domestic waste in the city has a fairly high organic content (accounting for 55.18%), the composition of recyclable waste such as paper, glass, plastic, metal, nylon packaging... also has a significant content (21.04%). The composition of domestic solid waste between weekdays and holidays does not differ much because the living standards of local residents are relatively stable.

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