General Introduction About Ha Long City

socio-economic development

According to the Chamber of Commerce and Tourism of Ha Long City, in 2011 Ha Long attracted over 5 million visitors, an increase of 14.3%, including over 2 million international visitors, with revenue of nearly 4,000 billion VND, an increase of 20% compared to 2010.

Tourism brings a large source of foreign currency to Ha Long city, not only that, tourism also creates jobs for the city's workers. Tourism activities have achieved high efficiency, contributing to increasing revenue for workers in the tourism sector in particular and workers outside tourism. According to information released by the Ha Long City People's Committee on January 23, 2011, the average income per capita of Ha Long city is about 1.8 million VND/person/month, which is quite high compared to the average of Quang Ninh province which is about 900 thousand VND/person/month. Increased tourism revenue increases the proportion of services in the local economic structure.

Tourism development has attracted a large number of social workers, creating a change in the structure of industries in Ha Long city, especially in the non-state economic sector, contributing to increasing the income of workers in the city in general and workers directly in the tourism sector in particular. Tourism contributes greatly to the consumption of products of related industries such as: food, foodstuff, handicrafts, transportation services, and other services during tourism activities. The development of tourism in Ha Long has created a favorable environment for communication between the local community and tourists, especially international tourists, attracting a significant number of investment projects, especially investment in the tourism sector. The social efficiency of tourism activities in Ha Long is very clear.

Tourism activities also contribute to raising awareness and culture for Ha Long people to gradually integrate with regional and world culture, while contributing to promoting the image and people of Ha Long in particular and Vietnam in general.

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From here, Ha Long people see more clearly the responsibility to protect natural resources, protect the environment, the importance of these activities in tourism development activities. Through tourism, it has contributed to the restoration and development of traditional cultural festivals, bringing both economic efficiency and meaning to the community.

Preserving and promoting the cultural traditions of the indigenous people of Ha Long.

The role of tourism is of special significance in the socio-economic development of Ha Long city. Therefore, promoting and developing tourism is a necessary and important task, which requires the attention of government agencies, investors, departments and local people.

1.5. Theory on humanistic TNDL assessment

Humanitarian tourism resources are a group of resources of artificial origin created by humans. The assessment is very important as a basis for localities and countries to manage, preserve, restore and exploit humanitarian tourism resources reasonably to serve tourism development. Humanitarian tourism resources include tangible humanitarian tourism resources and intangible humanitarian tourism resources.

When examining and evaluating the values of each relic and each type of resource, a general assessment is then made.

 Steps to inventory an architectural and artistic relic or a contemporary work (historical and cultural relic).

- Location, name, area, landscape:

+ Determine location, area, name, and monument.

+Landscape value.

+The distance between the location of the monument and the tourist supply market as well as the type and quality of active traffic.

+Distance between other cultural and natural tourist sites.

- History of formation and development includes: specific time of construction period and major renovations.

Scale, style, architectural and artistic values, architectural and artistic era.

- Value of antiques (quantity, quality), souvenirs and national treasures.

- The worshiped characters and those who contributed to the restoration.

- Intangible cultural resources associated with relics: literary values, customs, practices, festivals.

- Current status of organization of management, protection, restoration and exploitation of relics.

- Ranked value: international, national, local, ranking time.

- General assessment of outstanding characteristics and exploitation potential for tourism development purposes.

 Festivals

- Conduct an investigation into the number of festivals, festival duration, value and scale, tourist attraction of festivals, methods of conservation and restoration, organization and management of festivals, and the environment where festivals take place at each tourist destination and locality.

- Inventory and evaluate specific typical festivals:

+ Festival space.

+ History of the festival's development, the characters worshiped, cultural and historical events associated with the festival.

+ Time of the festival.

+ The scale of the festival is national or local.

+ Cultural values, customs and practices take place in the ceremony and festival, folk games, and cultural and artistic activities are organized.

- Value for tourism activities.

- The current situation of organizing and exploiting festivals to serve the improvement of people's spiritual life, preserve and promote cultural traditions, and develop tourism (including assessment of the content, form, and environment of the festival).

- Traditional crafts and villages.

- Investigate and evaluate the quantity and status of traditional crafts and craft villages, distribution and general characteristics of traditional crafts and craft villages that are valuable for tourism activities nationwide and in localities where planning is carried out.

- Investigation and evaluation of each craft village includes the following steps and contents: Geographical location, landscape, development history, honored characters (craft founders), scale of the craft village, natural and socio-economic factors that nurture the craft and traditional craft villages (area of the village, number of people, number of households participating in production organization); production art; selection of raw materials, structure of types, quantity and quality; aesthetic value and use of products, craft village environment; product consumption; product prices, income level and living standards of residents from production, proportion of income from handicrafts compared to income value of other activities.

other economic activities of craft villages; cultural values associated with traditional crafts and craft villages.

- Mechanisms and policies for investment development, craft villages, craft village tourism and preferential policies for artisans.

- Current status of investment in protecting and restoring craft villages, exploiting and promoting the cultural values of craft villages in socio-economic life and tourism activities.

- Ability to invest in developing craft village tourism.

 Arts and culture

Cultural and artistic values are attractive tourism resources for tourists, favorable for recreational and research tourism. The preservation, restoration and promotion of cultural and artistic values contribute to enriching and attracting other types of tourism resources and many other types of tourism such as: river tourism; ethnic cultural tourism; sightseeing tourism; festival tourism.

The investigation and evaluation of cultural and artistic values serving tourism includes contents such as: history of formation and development, distribution space, songs, artists, values of lyrics, pitch, performing arts, performance space, musical instruments used for performance; types of folk art and royal music, current status and potential for tourism conservation and exploitation.

1.6. Summary

The development of tourism is based on the richness, diversity and attractiveness of natural resources. In particular, humanistic natural resources are typical and unique cultural values of each locality and country. Humanistic natural resources are very attractive to tourists, they have a strong impact on the development of tourism and create a unique mark in the process of local socio-economic development. However, due to the crystallization and integration of cultural values, in the process of exploiting and using humanistic natural resources, they are easily lost, changed and lose their identity.

Therefore, in the process of embellishing, preserving and exploiting natural and cultural resources for tourism development purposes, protecting the unique and diverse characteristics of these resources is also the secret to attracting tourists and developing sustainable tourism.

CHAPTER 2

CURRENT STATUS OF EXPLOITATION OF HUMANITIES TOURISM RESOURCES IN HA LONG CITY

2.1. General introduction to Ha Long city - Quang Ninh

2.1.1. Natural conditions of Ha Long city

 Geographical location

Ha Long City is located in the center of Quang Ninh province, with a land area of 27,195.03 hectares. Ha Long City is located in the Southeast of the province, bordering Hoanh Bo district to the north, Ha Long Bay to the south, Yen Hung district to the west, and Cam Pha city to the east.

 Terrain

Ha Long City has a diverse and complex terrain, is one of the oldest formed areas in Vietnam, including mountains, coastal areas and islands, divided into 3 distinct regions:

The mountainous area surrounding the north and northeast (north of Highway 18A) accounts for 70% of the city's land area, with an average height of 150m to 250m, running from Yen Lap to Ha Tu, the highest peak is 504m. The coastal area is south of Highway 18A, with an average height of 0.5 to 5m. The island area is the entire bay, with nearly 1960 large and small islands, mainly rocky islands. Tuan Chau Island alone, over 400 hectares wide, now has a road connecting to Highway 18A about 2km long.

 Climate

Ha Long City has a coastal climate, with two distinct seasons each year: winter from November to April of the following year and summer from May to October. The average annual temperature is 23 0 C. The average annual humidity is 84%.

Rivers and tidal regime: The main rivers flowing through the city include Dien Vong, Vu Oai, Man, Troi rivers, all of which flow into Cua Luc Bay and then out to Ha Long Bay. The Mip River flows into Yen Lap Lake. Streams flow along the southern mountain slopes in Hong Gai, Ha Tu, and Ha Phong wards. Both rivers and streams in Ha Long city are small, short, and do not have much water flow.

The tidal regime of Ha Long Bay is directly affected by the diurnal tidal regime of the Gulf of Tonkin, with an average tidal amplitude of 3.6m. The average surface water temperature is 180C to 30.80C , the average salinity of the seawater is 21.6% (in July) and the highest is 32.4% (in February and March every year).

 Natural resources

- Mineral resources: For Ha Long city, mainly coal and construction materials. The total coal reserves explored up to this point are over 530 million tons, the main coal types are Anthracite and semi-Anthracite. Besides, there are clay reserves serving as raw materials for construction materials production in Gieng Da area, limestone serving as raw materials for cement and construction materials, concentrated in Ha Phong ward and Dai Yen area, according to the assessment, the current reserves are about 15 million tons that can be exploited. Besides, there are also areas where construction sand can be exploited on the coast of Ha Phong ward, Ha Khanh, Troi river area adjacent to Ha Khau, Viet Hung... however, the reserves are not worth it.

- Forest resources: According to statistics up to the end of 2009, the total forest area in the city is 5,862.08 ha/total city area is 27,153.40 ha. Forest coverage rate is: 21.58%. Of which, planted forest is 5,445.69 ha and natural forest is 416.39 ha (including: timber forest 27.94 ha, bamboo forest 17.31 ha, mangrove forest 371.14 ha).

Ha Long Bay's plant resources are very rich, researchers from the World Conservation Union have discovered 7 endemic plant species of Ha Long Bay. These species are only adapted to living on the limestone islands of Ha Long Bay and are found nowhere else in the world, namely: Ha Long cycad, purple bitter gourd (Chirieta halongensis), Ha Long palm (Livisona halongensis), velvet bitter gourd (Chirieta hiepii), Ha Long claw ear, Ha Long ivy, yellow flowered slipper. Of these, 16 species are on Vietnam's red list of endangered and near-endangered species.

- Land resources: Ha Long City has a total natural land area of 27,195.03 hectares, including the following land types: Agricultural land 9,544.86 hectares; non-agricultural land

Industrial land 544.86 ha; non-agricultural land 16,254.92 ha, unused land 1,395.25 ha.

- Marine resources: With many beautiful and magical caves. In addition, Ha Long sea area is also very rich in aquatic animals and plants, including many seafood species with high economic value such as mackerel, mackerel, grouper, salmon, sea bream, pomfret and shrimp, crab, squid, pearl, abalone, blood cockles... Many large tidal flats such as Cua Luc, Yen Cu, Dai Dan, around Tuan Chau island are very favorable for aquaculture, especially shrimp, fish, pearl, blood cockles...

- Water resources: Water resources in Ha Long city are limited, especially difficult in the dry season. Surface water depends on rain, averaging 1800 to 2000mm/year, but due to the steep terrain, water flows directly into the sea. Underground water reserves are not large. Level A reserves: 3400 m³, level B: 3430 m³, level C: 13796 m³/day and night. Currently, underground water resources are exploited by drilling wells at a depth of 100 to 130m, with the highest exploited water volume of 20,626 m³/day and night. Hong Gai has 5 wells, with exploited reserves of 2000-3000 m³, Bai Chay has 1 well, with exploited reserves of 300-400 m³/day and night.

2.1.2. History of the formation of Ha Long city

Ha Long City consists of 20 administrative units. As of April 1, 2009, the entire city had 215,795 people, with a density of 815 people/km2 ( 2009). The central area of Ha Long City today was formerly a coastal fishing village called Bai Hau. At the beginning of the Nguyen Dynasty, it was renamed Mau Le Commune. Later, Ha Lam, Lung Phong, Giang Vong and Truc Vong communes were formed. The eastern and western communes of the city today were previously part of Hoanh Bo District.

In 1883, the French occupied Ha Long Bay, they exploited coal in mines on the shore of the bay, they established Hon Gai town. According to legend, because there were many hemp trees on the islands here. In French, it was called lle des brouilles , transcribed as Hon Gay, later changed to Hon Gai. At that time, Hon Gai was an administrative unit under Quang Yen province.

After the August Revolution in 1945, Hon Gai became the capital town of the mining region. At the end of 1946, the French reoccupied Hon Gai. After the Geneva Agreement in 1954,

Hon Gai became the capital town of Hong Quang area. On October 30, 1963, Hai Ninh province and Hong Quang area were merged into Quang Ninh province, from which Hon Gai became the capital of Quang Ninh province. At the same time, the town was expanded to the East and West. After establishing new wards, Hon Gai town consisted of 16 wards: Bach

Dang, Ha Long, Tran Hung Dao, Yet Kieu, Ha Phong, Ha Tu, Ha Trung, Ha Lam, Ha Khanh, Hong Ha, Hong Hai, Cao Thang, Cao Xanh, Gieng Day, Ha Khau, Bai Chay and three communes of Thanh Cong, Hung Thang, Tuan Chau.

On December 27, 1993, Ha Long city was officially established on the basis of Hon Gai town. In 2001, two communes Viet Hung and Dai Yen of Hoanh Bo district were merged into Ha Long city, making the city stretch from Yen Lap (adjacent to Yen Hung district) to Deo But (adjacent to Cam Pha city) as it is today.

2.1.3. Economic structure of Ha Long city

 Industry

Ha Long is a peak of the northern industrial triangle of Hanoi - Hai Phong - Quang Ninh. Coal mining has been established for a long time and has become a strength of the city with many large mines: Ha Tu, Ha Lam, Tan Lap, Nui Beo and dozens of small mines, each year exploiting over 10 million tons of coal of all kinds. Associated with the mines are screening plants, mechanical engineering, transport enterprises and ports.

Ha Long strongly develops shipbuilding industry, construction materials production, seafood processing. Ha Long Shipyard has a shipbuilding design under

53,000 tons, is a shipyard that is currently preparing to expand and increase equipment to be able to build ships with a capacity of up to 53,000 tons, the largest design in our country.

In Ha Long city, Quang Ninh thermal power plant is being built, with a total capacity of 1,200 MW, located right next to Bang Bridge.

Ha Long has many good clay mines, there are 6 factories producing high quality bricks and tiles, supplying inside and outside the province, partly for export. Ha Long city has Cai Lan deep-water port which has been identified as a national port.

 Agriculture

The 400 hectares of cultivated land only supply 50% of the demand. Food source

General Introduction About Ha Long City - Quang Ninh

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