Criteria for Evaluating Tourism Economy in Provinces in the Country's Geographical Region

- Resolve the beneficial relationships in local tourism economy

+ The relationship between the state and enterprises in tourism: This is both the relationship between economic management agencies and business units, and the relationship between agencies in charge of managing cultural and social activities and units providing cultural tourism products. Accordingly, state management agencies must create a favorable environment for business activities, creating a healthy competitive playground for businesses that are tourism product suppliers. At the same time, state management agencies need to have policies to preserve, embellish, and promote heritage, national cultural identity, etc. This is especially meaningful in improving the quality of tourism products. On the contrary, business enterprises - tourism product suppliers need to fully perform their obligations according to the provisions of law, comply with the regulations of the locality where the tourism destination is located, and build the brand of the enterprise's products so that its reputation and quality are increasingly affirmed in the market.

+ The relationship between the state and the community in tourism: State management agencies need to propagate and educate to raise awareness about protecting and developing heritage values and cultural identities; propagate the benefits of tourism development, build benefit-sharing mechanisms and policies for mutual development from tourism activities for parties participating in tourism activities, especially for local people with tourist destinations. At the same time, "state management agencies also need to have effective measures to prevent and resolve negative behaviors of people at tourist destinations that cause inconvenience to tourists, affect the tourism environment, and destroy natural tourism resources. Local people are responsible for protecting the value of cultural identity, implementing social and environmental protection, and coordinating the provision of goods and services for tourists.

To develop tourism, it is necessary to develop human resources for tourism. The tourism departments need to improve their qualifications and skills, especially their creativity in advising on the development of specific tourism products, and to access new knowledge and technology in promotion, advertising, and communication. For households doing community tourism, it is necessary to supplement their knowledge of indigenous culture, strengthen training in tourism service manners and skills, ensuring professionalism without causing injury.

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Commercialization destroys the purity of highland culture. In addition, it is necessary to innovate and promote tourism in a more systematic way.

When referring to the production relations of tourism, the issue of revenue and income is considered a manifestation of the perfection of distribution relations and benefit relations in tourism.

Tourism revenue is calculated by all the revenue paid by tourists. Therefore, tourism revenue is not only direct revenue from accommodation establishments and restaurants but also includes spending on purchasing goods, sightseeing services, healthcare, communication, etc. On that basis, in addition to revenue targets, labor and budget contribution targets are also calculated and allocated accordingly.

2.2.2. Criteria for evaluating tourism economy in provinces within the country's geographical region

Based on the theoretical basis of productive forces and production relations of Marxist-Leninist political economy combined with theoretical knowledge of modern tourism economics theories, human resource quality theories, economic growth theories, the thesis builds groups of criteria for evaluating specific tourism economics as follows:

2.2.2.1. Group of criteria for evaluating the productive forces in the tourism economy of provinces in the geographical region of the country

Production force is the general, internal element of the tourism economy. Therefore, the assessment of the production force of the tourism economy is essentially an assessment of the level of development of the factors constituting the production force of the tourism economy of a certain locality. This level of development is expressed in aspects on the surface of the economy such as: Quality of human resources; diversity, modernity, synchronization, and perfection of production material components; level of contribution to GDP of the tourism economy; scale of tourists; diversity and quality of tourism products and services. Therefore, the criteria for assessing the composition of the production force of the tourism economy need to be observed through external manifestations as manifestations of the above-mentioned production force.

* Indicators on the quality of tourism human resources at the provincial level

The quality of human resources is reflected in many indicators such as: educational level, foreign language ability, proficiency and professionalism in skills, sophistication, enthusiasm, thoughtfulness, loyalty, honesty... If a province or an enterprise can build a high-quality tourism human resource, this is an important factor.

to create many high quality tourism products, contributing to improving the competitiveness of the tourism area and destination in general and each business in particular.

* Indicators reflecting the development of components constituting the means of production of tourism at the provincial level

- Criteria on synchronization and modernity of facilities and infrastructure:

The development of the LLSX of the tourism industry, together with the quality of human resources, the synchronization, modernity, richness, diversity, and convenience of the infrastructure: transportation, restaurants, hotels, accommodation facilities, entertainment areas, information, finance, etc. are considered indicators showing the development of production materials in the tourism industry of a locality. Therefore, these indicators are considered the basis for evaluating the tourism industry in terms of the composition of LLSX.

The construction of a synchronous and convenient infrastructure system and technical facilities will actively support the sustainable development of the tourism industry, playing a very important role in the process of creating and implementing tourism products as well as deciding the level of exploitation of tourism potential to satisfy the needs of tourists. In other words, the modernity and synchronization of technical facilities will contribute to creating richness, diversity and quality for tourism services. A locality that wants to develop tourism must first of all have a synchronous and professional infrastructure system and technical facilities. It can be said that the level of development of the infrastructure system and technical facilities for tourism is both a condition and a reflection of the level of tourism development of each locality.

- Indicators on the diversity of tourism resources:

As labor objects, the diversity of tourism resources (human resources, ecological resources, physical resources, intangible resources) is also an indicator reflecting the potential for the development of the LLSX of the tourism industry. Therefore, when considering the development of the LLSX of the tourism industry, it is necessary to take into account the indicators of the specific labor objects of the tourism industry mentioned above.

Therefore, for localities, it is necessary to use and exploit resource potentials and environmental conditions reasonably and effectively, ensuring that current and future needs are met. To achieve this goal, the tourism industry must have specific activities to contribute to the restoration and protection of resources and

Environment. Resource and environment indicators are expressed as: the number of tourist spots and tourist areas invested in, renovated, preserved and planned; the level of contribution to resource development activities, environmental protection, tangible and intangible cultural heritage.

* Indicators on contribution to GDP, scale of tourists, diversity of local tourism products and services

The development of the tourism economy in terms of productive forces is also reflected in the results of the combination of workers and means of production. In terms of the economy, the results are reflected in a number of indicators such as: The level of contribution to GDP of the tourism industry; number of tourists; diversity of tourism products and services. With such meaning, when evaluating the development of the tourism industry's productive forces, it is not only to evaluate the constituent elements themselves but more importantly, it is also necessary to evaluate the results of the combination of the elements of the productive forces expressed on the surface of the economy.

- Criteria for assessing growth contribution (tourism GDP):

GDP is one of the important economic indicators in the local/national accounting system used to evaluate the overall results of economic activities, that is, to evaluate the economic growth rate and volume of a locality/country and each economic sector. The continuous increase of GDP not only ensures economic development but also shows the position of tourism economy in the overall national economy.

- Indicators on the number of tourists, diversity of local tourism products and services:

The results of the development of productive forces in the tourism economy are expressed in many aspects, including through the expression of indicators of tourists and the diversity of tourism products and services. The number of tourists, large or small, often depends on the development of diverse tourism products and services that the locality can provide to tourists. Therefore, when assessing the development of productive forces in the tourism economy, it is necessary to consider indicators of tourists and the diversity of tourism products as measurable, practical expressions of the level of productive forces in the tourism economy.

+ Tourists:

Tourists are consumers of tourism goods and services: For any commodity production industry, the production of goods is to sell to consumers. In the tourism industry, selling many products and services to tourists makes tourism businesses grow more and more, but if there are few tourists or no tourists, the business's operations will stagnate and lose revenue. Thus, it means that if the tourism industry wants to operate and develop, tourists are the decisive factor. Without tourists, tourism businesses cannot do business, without tourists, the activities of tourism businesses become meaningless. From the perspective of material production, tourism businesses are producers of goods, and tourists are consumers of goods and services. From the perspective of the market, tourists are market demand, and tourism businesses are market supply. To do business effectively, businesses must pay more attention to tourists, must research fully and accurately the characteristics and needs of tourists, and determine the position of tourists in the business strategy of the enterprise.

The scale and number of tourists directly affect the revenue of tourism activities: Because if the number of tourists is large and high, the revenue is high, on the contrary, if few tourists come, the revenue is low, even loss.

Tourists bear the mark of the level of economic development, of the quality of tourism services they enjoy: Each ethnic group has its own living conditions, cultural characteristics, customs, production activities with their own nuances, and when people travel, they are looking for strange emotions that their homeland does not have. Those strange emotions are the customs of residence, ancient architecture, eating and living habits, ethnic costumes, etc. This is the unique mark that tourism destinations bring to tourists.

+ Tourism products and services:

Tourism products are important factors in tourism activities. Tourism products make a difference in tourism economic development, creating the brand and image of each destination, each locality, region, and each country. Tourism products

The manifestation in these tourism programs is the exploitation of the potentials and resources available in a locality or created when knowing how to combine those potentials and resources in their own ways by each person or a certain business. And it is possible to exploit the tangible and intangible cultural values of localities into tourism activities such as: art forms, folk songs, folk dances, performances, folk performances, culinary culture or forms of sports activities, traditional festival activities, etc. These activities help tourists directly feel and enjoy, experience the culture of the locality.

2.2.2.2. Group of criteria for evaluating the production relations of tourism economy in provinces in the geographical region of the country

The manifestation of the production relations component of the tourism economy at the local level of the geographical area is considered on three aspects: Ownership relations, management relations, and distribution relations. In fact, these aspects are expressed in the participation of economic entities in the tourism industry; the role of the State in managing the tourism industry; the relationship of distributing benefits and economic linkages in the tourism industry. Therefore, when evaluating the production relations component of the tourism industry, it is necessary to consider the above groups of indicators.

* Indicators on the diversity of business entities and economic components in local tourism

The development of tourism at the national and local levels in the context of a market economy and integration is reflected in the diverse participation of production and business entities and the diversity of economic components. Therefore, the more diverse the production and business entities and the more economic components participate, the more complete the ownership relationship is demonstrated. Therefore, when assessing the level of completion of production relations in local tourism, it is necessary to base on the criteria of diversity of participating entities and the richness of economic components in the tourism industry.

* Indicators on the role of state management in tourism economy

The role of state management in tourism economy is assessed through how practical and effective the institutions and policies related to the tourism sector are, especially in the context of the current 4th industrial revolution, these policies

Policies such as promoting the application of information technology in tourism development are very important; they are evaluated through the inspection of business operations and the granting, suspension and revocation of tourism business licenses.

The State's management role in tourism is also reflected in the investment aspect or the State's role as a midwife in tourism . This criterion is very meaningful in assessing the management relationship of the tourism economy. The tourism economic development activities that the State prioritizes in allocating funds for tourism activities are: investigating, evaluating, protecting, embellishing, and developing the value of tourism resources; planning for tourism; promoting tourism, building national and local tourism brands; building infrastructure to serve tourism development. This ensures activities in tourism development.

* Indicators on distribution relations, benefit relations, and the level of connection between localities in tourism economic development

The assessment of distribution and benefit relations should be considered through observable indicators such as income, revenue, employment, contribution to the local budget, and linkages between localities in tourism development.

- Employment indicators:

The employment target is reflected in the scale and quality of jobs that the tourism industry provides to workers. The larger the scale of jobs, the higher the quality of jobs, proving that the distribution relationship is more focused. With the nature of a comprehensive economic sector with interdisciplinary, inter-regional and highly socialized characteristics, the development of the tourism economy will create many jobs for workers. Employment targets are compiled annually.

- Indicators on revenue, income, and contribution to the budget:

The distribution relationship in the tourism industry is reflected in the distribution of value through initial distribution and redistribution. Initial distribution is reflected through the income and revenue of the enterprise. Redistribution to society is reflected through the contribution to the budget. On that basis, the budget is allocated to other socio-economic activities. Therefore, when evaluating distribution, the indicators of income of workers, revenue, profit of enterprises, and the level of

Budget mobilization is a basis for evaluating economic development in terms of the composition of distribution relations in production relations.

Besides, because tourism is an economic sector with highly interdisciplinary and inter-regional characteristics, the implementation of economic linkages and the resolution of interest relations between the state, people and enterprises are also considered as indicators to evaluate the composition of production relations of tourism at the national and local levels.

- Criteria for assessing linkage and cooperation in tourism development and beneficial relationships:

+ The association and cooperation in tourism development in the South Central provinces are carried out in activities such as: "training tourism human resources, building tourism planning, promoting and advertising tourism, building tourism products..."

+ Linking and cooperating to "develop tourism in the spirit of voluntariness, equality, efficiency and mutual benefit among enterprises, among industries in the same locality, among localities in the region, between the region and other territories in the country as well as in the region and internationally."

+ Linking and cooperating "tourism development must supplement and overcome limitations, promote the tourism strengths of each locality in the region, each region as well as each country."

+ Regarding the interest relationships: Resolving the interest relationships between the subjects participating in the tourism market is not a simple matter. It is necessary to ensure the harmony of interests between the subjects: service providers create profits; customers are satisfied with the services provided. Thus, it can be considered a success.

2.2.3. Factors affecting tourism economy at the provincial level in geographical regions

Tourism economy is affected by many objective and subjective factors, mainly economic, political and social conditions; quality of planning and development plans; mechanisms and policies for tourism operations; potential resources for tourism economic development... Below are the main factors that affect tourism economy.

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