Role, Objectives and Criteria for Evaluating the Policy on Developing Agricultural Commodity Economy in the Province

Management believes that: “Policy is a method of action that is affirmed and implemented by an entity to solve recurring problems”. Thus, it can be seen that policies define general guidelines for the decision-making process. They outline the scope or allowable limits of decisions, reminding managers which decisions are possible and which decisions are not possible. In that way, policies direct the thinking and actions of all members of the organization towards the implementation of the common goals of the organization.

According to the Vietnamese Encyclopedia, Policy is a set of policies and actions in some aspect of the government, it includes the goals that the government wants to achieve and the ways to implement those goals. These goals include comprehensive development in the economic - cultural - social fields.

- environment. The policy cycle includes the following contents: policy ideas and policy issues; selection of issues to become policy issues; policy formulation; policy appraisal, approval, approval and promulgation; policy implementation; policy implementation evaluation. In which, policy formulation and implementation is the most important step to evaluate the effectiveness and quality of the policy.

The policy development and planning process includes the following steps:

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- Identify and select problems;

- Identify policy objectives;

- Develop policy options;

- Evaluate and select the optimal solution;

- Adopt and decide policies.

Policy organization and implementation process:

- Develop a policy implementation plan, this plan needs to be developed before putting the policy into practice. Agencies from central to local levels must develop a policy implementation plan.

- Dissemination and propaganda of policies. This is the next step after the policy is passed to help people and authorities at all levels understand the policy so that

implement policies smoothly and effectively.

- Assignment and coordination of policy implementation.

- Maintain policy, make policy exist and effective in real environment.

- Policy adjustment must meet the need to maintain policy goals, only adjusting measures and mechanisms to implement goals.

- Monitor, check and urge policy implementation.

- Evaluation and summary of experience. This content is carried out continuously throughout the policy implementation period.

Economic policy: Economic policy is the economic policies and measures that the State applies in a period, a historical period to achieve certain economic and political requirements and goals. Economic policy is built on the basis of analysis and forecast of the country's resources, potentials and social development trends.

Economic policies are policies that regulate economic relations to create momentum for economic development. Economic policies form a complex system including many policies: financial policies, monetary and credit policies, distribution policies, policies for developing economic sectors, etc.

In Vietnam, the State's economic policy is to build a multi-sector commodity economy, operating and developing according to a market mechanism under State management, aiming to liberate all existing production capacity with a reasonable industrial - agricultural - service structure, expanding international economic cooperation and developing the economy towards industrialization and modernization.

Applying the above perceptions, it can be understood that the policy of developing the private economy is the sum of the goals, viewpoints, tools and solutions of the state to develop the private economy in an effective and sustainable direction, linking economic growth with social progress and equity.

Regarding the policy for developing the private economic sector in the province, it includes the central policy and local policy. Within the scope of this thesis,

Graduate students study the development policy of the private economy in a specific province, regardless of central and local policies.

1.2.1.2. Role, objectives and criteria for evaluating policies on developing agricultural commodity economy in the province

* Role: In economic management activities, economic policy in general and economic development policy in particular have the following roles:

+ Orientation for the country's socio-economic activities, this role is comprehensive and macro-oriented to direct all socio-economic activities of the country towards pre-set goals. The policy of developing the agricultural sector orients the development of agriculture towards the market in harmony with other sectors and fields of the national economy. The policy of developing the agricultural sector reflects the general goals and basic directions of agricultural development of the country as well as localities in a system of close organic links.

- Organize the handling and resolution of major economic issues. This role aims to propose methods and measures to implement macro-economic policies, handle and resolve major issues of the private economy such as: investment policies, trade policies, financial and monetary policies, etc.

- Support for the development of identified economic goals: The policy for the development of the private economy is valuable as long-term decisions of the state and state management levels to organize the development process of the private economy according to oriented goals.

- From the above foundations, we can say that the policy of developing the private economy is the economic decisions at the macro level made by the state to implement programs and plans over a long period of time according to the determined goals. The development goals of the private economy at the macro level are often based on the main signs such as: stability, growth and social equity.

* Target

In general, the goal of the policy for developing the small and medium-sized enterprises in the province is to develop a sustainable small and medium-sized enterprise in the province, including economic development.

economic, social development and environmental protection.

Economic, social and environmental goals in the development of the national economy are the basis for assessing the sustainable development of the national economy. All three goals need to be implemented simultaneously, without ignoring any of them.

The basic condition for sustainable development of the small and medium-sized enterprises is the harmony of interests between production establishments and society. Therefore, the policy for sustainable development of the small and medium-sized enterprises needs to ensure this basic condition of interests. If it is beneficial to society but not beneficial to the owners of production establishments and industrialization, the small and medium-sized enterprises cannot develop, and vice versa. The goal of socio-economic policy is to ensure social interests. The tool to ensure social interests is the interests of the relevant subjects. The same is true for the policy for sustainable development of the small and medium-sized enterprises. The social interests of developing the small and medium-sized enterprises are the goal of the policy, the interests of the owners of production establishments and industrialization are only a part of the social interests, creating motivation for the owners of production establishments and industrialization, not the ultimate goal of the policy, and are instrumental in realizing social goals. Issues regarding the environment, quality of goods and services are related to the interests of either society or industrialization. If industrialization is disadvantageous but society benefits, the state needs to have policies to ensure that industrialization is beneficial. On the contrary, if industrialization is beneficial but society is disadvantageous, there needs to be policies to ensure that society is not disadvantageous.

* Evaluation criteria

To evaluate the policy of developing the agricultural economy, it is necessary to consider both macro and micro criteria, specifically expressed in the development of each household, production facility as well as the entire system of households and production facilities in the province. Criteria for evaluating the policy of developing the agricultural economy also need to be considered in each stage, because the implementation and deployment of policies into practice often have a certain delay and require time to test, evaluate and compare.

Criteria for evaluating the economic development policy of the private economy are demonstrated through specific results such as:

- Number, scale and structure of farming households in the area.

- Income of each household and total income of KTNNHH in the area.

- Profits and profit margins of farmers in the area.

- Total revenue of each household and the entire KTNNHH/farming area.

Evaluate the implementation of the social development goals of the private economy through specific results such as:

- Total number of employees working in the KTNNHH sector in the area.

- Income of workers in the KTNNHH sector in the area.

- Contribution of the KTNNHH sector to local exports.

Evaluate the implementation of the sustainable development goals of KTNNHH in terms of environment through specific results such as:

- The rate of farming households having negative impacts on the ecological environment out of the total number of farming households operating in the area.

- Rate of households ensuring food hygiene and safety out of the total number of households operating in the area.

In addition, the assessment of the policy of developing the non-business sector is also based on factors such as the level of harmony and unity between the goals: economic, social and environmental. The three goals of developing a sustainable non-business sector are systematic and closely linked together.

1.2.2. Contents of the policy for developing commodity agricultural economy in the province

The policy for developing the private economy includes all the policies affecting the development of the private economy, including both policies to promote and create conditions and policies to restrict. The policy creates conditions and promotes if the policy is aimed at the policy's goals, and the policy restricts if the policy is aimed at the undesirable results of the policy. Basically, this policy has the following contents:

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1.2.2.1. Planning policy, development plan for agricultural economy

In the policy planning process, planning is both a step and an outcome.

starting so planning must go one step ahead. From a solid understanding of the theory

To fully grasp the reality and potential of the agricultural sector, planning must build a strategic model for effective and sustainable local agricultural economic development. Planning has the role of establishing and creating a premise for building a set of policies to develop a synchronous agricultural economic development. Planning must provide direction to solve the problem: What to produce? How to produce? And for whom to produce? in agriculture. Specifically, it must answer the questions: What to plant, what to raise, what structure and quantity, what is the quality? Where to plant or raise, with what technology, what is the productivity and efficiency? And where to sell (consumed), to whom?

Each policy is an equation, and planning is the interpretation to implement the local economic development problem. Planning is the motto, the compass that drives other policies along, so the quality of planning is the key factor that determines the quality and effectiveness of other economic policies.

The planning policy for sustainable development of the agricultural sector in the province is a synthesis of viewpoints, orientations, goals and planning solutions to develop the agricultural sector in a sustainable direction in the province.

The content of the planning for the development of the agricultural sector in the province includes determining the viewpoints on the development of the agricultural sector in the province, determining the goals and orientations for the development of the agricultural sector in the province, and finally determining the main resources for the development of the agricultural sector.

A province's agricultural development plan can be implemented completely with all the above contents, or it can only contain one or some contents in specific plans of many different fields. The agricultural development plan of a province often mentions the development of agricultural production.

The planning policy for the development of the agricultural economy in the province aims to form specialized areas, shaping a long period of resources for agricultural economic development to achieve the goal of developing the agricultural economy. The principle of the planning policy for the development of the agricultural economy of the locality is to comply with the central planning; be suitable with the natural conditions, socio-economic conditions of the locality; exploit the most effective local resources for development.

socio-economic

The criteria for evaluating planning policies and plans for the development of the non-agricultural sector in the province are the level of planning that has been implemented in the province and district, the plans that have been developed, and the correctness and suitability of the plans for the development of the non-agricultural sector in the province.

1.2.2.2. Land, investment and credit policies for the development of commodity agricultural economy

a. Land policy for the development of agricultural commodity economy.

Land is an important means of production, decisive to the formation and development of the agricultural economy, especially when the agricultural economy is in its early stages, developing mainly based on breadth. Therefore, to form and develop the agricultural economy sustainably, it is necessary to overcome the desire for land and create conditions for farmers to exercise their rights to land.

The goal of land policy for sustainable development of the agricultural sector is to ensure land demand for agricultural sector activities.

To create land funds and encourage land accumulation for agricultural development, local authorities can issue a number of policies to support investment in building "large-scale field" models in the province.

The important form of land policy for the development of the agricultural sector is the issuance of land use right certificates and certificates. The issuance of land use right certificates is a legal document that guarantees the rights of farm owners in exploiting and using the land area that is granted a certificate. This certificate can be mortgaged to borrow capital from credit institutions.

The criterion for evaluating land policy for the development of the agricultural sector is the proportion of land currently used by production establishments that has been granted land use rights to farm owners. More generally, the criterion of the number of production establishments with sufficient land for production out of the total number of production establishments in operation can be used.

b. Policy to support capital and credit for commodity agricultural economy.

State budget investment policy for agriculture in general,

In particular, the agricultural and rural economic sector is necessary to meet the requirements of restructuring agricultural and rural production, building infrastructure for agriculture, rural areas and the agricultural and rural economic sector. Investment and credit solutions for the development of the agricultural and rural economic sector may include:

- Increase investment from the state budget for agricultural and rural development in general and KTNNHH in particular. This budget is for investment in construction and development of infrastructure, in which priority is given to investment in irrigation, transportation connecting regions; application of achievements in biotechnology, preservation technology, agricultural processing, etc.

- Implement the integration of programs and projects in each locality to build external infrastructure systems and infrastructure systems leading to production facilities such as: power lines, traffic systems, etc. Large-scale production facilities enjoy preferential policies for investment in infrastructure such as power lines, intra-field traffic, dams, and drainage canals to serve production and business.

- For areas with difficult socio-economic conditions, farm owners and production facility owners can borrow capital from job support programs, poverty reduction programs, and participate in agricultural and forestry development projects to expand their business scale.

- Gradually increase medium- and long-term loans for production facilities, implement preferential interest rate policies, and have separate repayment terms for credit for priority programs for agricultural and rural development. Loan repayment terms must be consistent with the production cycle of crops and livestock and the basic depreciation period in agriculture.

- Clearly define the legal value of the Agricultural Product Certificate, allowing farmers and agricultural production facility owners to use the Agricultural Product Certificate to borrow credit capital and receive priority support from agricultural and fishery extension policies...

- Create conditions for farmers and agricultural production facility owners to access credit capital. The State uses interest rate support tools to create conditions

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