Analysis of the value chain of farmed snakehead fish in the Mekong Delta

Chapter 5

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusion

5.1.1 Production household

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(1) Parent fish used for fish farming are mainly from fish ponds with an average production time of about 30 days, in which the price of fingerlings is quite high (112 VND/fish). After being produced, fingerlings are often raised to a larger size and depending on the demand for fingerlings for fish farming, the rearing time can be longer. Fingerlings are usually raised to a size of 300 fish/kg with a production cost of about 830 VND/fish.

(2) Most of the fingerlings supplied to the farming facilities are from local hatcheries and hatcheries (76.4%). The average rearing time is 4-6 months, depending on the species and the selling price at the time of harvest, the rearing time can be longer. The average stocking density of all models is 114 fish/m3 with a survival rate of about 53.2% and a productivity of about 41.9 kg/m3 / year. The production cost of snakehead fish is about 29.7 thousand VND/kg and if the cost of self-exploited trash fish is not included, the cost is reduced to 24.4 thousand VND/kg.

(3) There are 5 independent variables that simultaneously have a significant impact at the 5% level on the productivity of farmed snakehead fish, which are: (i) Self-production of seeds; (ii) Breeding; (iii) Stocking density; (iv) Cultured objects; and (v) Cost of preventive and treatment drugs. All variables that have a significant impact on productivity are directly proportional to the productivity of farmed snakehead fish, except for the variable Self-production.

(4) When raising snakehead fish at a density of over 150 fish/m3 , the cost is much higher.

compared with the remaining density groups and this difference is statistically significant ( p<0.05 ). Profits also increase when stocking density increases, but stocking at a density of 120-150 fish/m3 will have the highest economic efficiency and this difference is statistically significant ( p<0.05 ) compared with the density group of 60 fish/m3 or less.

(5) The cost of medicine to prevent and treat diseases in farmed snakehead fish can still be increased compared to the average level to increase productivity, however, the level of 28-35 thousand VND/m3 / crop can give the highest profit. If the cost of medicine to prevent and treat diseases is less than 7,000 VND/m3 / crop, the capital investment efficiency is the highest, but this difference is not statistically significant.

5.1.2 Traders group

(1) The source of raw snakehead fish for purchasing warehouses is mainly from farming households.

snakehead fish (54.7%) and KTTS households (8.0%). These purchasing warehouses resell about

58.5% for the larger warehouse in HCMC and some redistributed to the points

small local retail (31.6%).

(2) Retail stalls in the market mainly buy fresh snakehead fish from purchasing warehouses (52.7%) and KTTS people (25.8%), then resell them to local consumers directly (95.4%). The source of dried snakehead fish for retail stalls is mainly from dried processing facilities (50.0%) and reselling to direct consumers (82.4%). Similarly, the source of snakehead fish sauce for retail stalls is mainly from fish sauce processing facilities (44.4%). Snakehead fish sauce processed from wild snakehead fish will have better quality than that from farmed snakehead fish. Snakehead fish sauce is mainly sold to consumers by retail stalls (84.9%).

5.1.3 Processing facility

(1) The total amount of snakehead fish purchased for drying processing is on average about 8.2 tons/household/year, mainly from purchasing warehouses (84.4%). After processing, the amount of dried snakehead fish is about 2.0 tons/household/year and 60.4% is consumed mainly through purchasing warehouses in Ho Chi Minh City.

(2) The total amount of raw snakehead fish purchased by snakehead fish sauce processing facilities is on average about 9.0 tons/facility/year, mainly purchased directly from snakehead fish farmers (39.6%) and purchasing warehouses (34.7%). Wild snakehead fish has declined sharply, so 5.7% of processing facilities import alternative wild fish from Cambodia through border districts, mostly during the flood season.

5.1.4 Value chain

(1) There are 5 main actors involved in the snakehead fish value chain: farmers, purchasing warehouse owners, processing facilities, retail stalls and consumers; and there are 2 support groups surveyed: market managers and industry managers.

(2) There are 10 snakehead fish product distribution channels in the entire chain, of which there are 2 main market channels with the largest snakehead fish consumption: channel 3 (consumption in the Mekong Delta) and channel 9 (consumption in Ho Chi Minh City). The profit distributed to the participating agents is uneven, concentrated mainly on purchasing warehouses (accounting for 87.9-93.4% of the profit of the entire chain). Although retail households generate the highest profit/kg (11,100 VND/kg), the sales volume is lower than other groups, so the total profit each household earns is also lower.

5.1.5 Industry management

(1) The average area of the surveyed markets is about 1.3 ha (±1.4), in which the area of provincial markets is 4 times larger than that of district markets. Total

The average number of food stalls is about 640 stalls/market, the number of stalls in provincial markets is also twice as high as in district markets. Of which, the average number of snakehead fish retail stalls is about 26 stalls/market with the average daily output of fresh snakehead fish being 41.4 kg/stall.

5.2 Recommendations

Some basic proposals to develop a sustainable snakehead fish industry in the Mekong Delta, improve competitive advantages and income for the entire chain in general and for farmers in particular, include:

(1) Planning aquaculture and strengthening industry management for exploitation and protection of aquatic resources, along with capital support and enhanced technical training as well as production organization and product consumption.

(2) Strengthen cooperation in production by establishing cooperatives and cooperative groups.

or snakehead fish farming club to promote collective strengths in production.

(3) There should be a policy to support the development of raw snakehead fish farming areas using pellet feed to increase snakehead fish production and reduce pressure on the exploitation of freshwater aquatic resources.

(4) There needs to be a policy to stabilize the price of raw snakehead fish by building stations.

purchase or purchase floor price.

(5) Increase training courses and technology transfer to provide more knowledge about effective farming techniques and provide information about the market and prices of raw fish.

(6) There should be preferential support policies for factories processing and exporting products.

Snakehead fish products to expand the market, increase output and consumption price of snakehead fish.

(7) There should be specific regulations on the management agency of the local raw fish purchasing group to limit the phenomenon of price gouging in the purchase and sale of raw fish. Be ready to act as an arbitrator to resolve any disputes that may arise.

(8) Provinces need to fully count all aquaculture species in the area and promptly take action if they see unreasonable development and create a database to serve the long-term development orientation of the locality.

(9) The orientation of aquaculture development in each province needs to be based on the perspective of diversifying farming objects and forms to limit risks in production.

(10) It is necessary to encourage the expansion of the combined farming model of squarehead snakehead fish raised in cages with porcupine snakehead fish raised in ponds to make full use of the available water surface area and excess food sources in the cages.

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