Create Employment Opportunities and Bring Benefits to Local People

- The existence and development of ecotourism are closely linked to the natural environment and ecosystems. Environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation will negatively impact ecotourism activities.

Therefore, all ecotourism activities must be strictly managed to minimize environmental impact, and a portion of income from ecotourism activities must be allocated to invest in implementing environmental protection solutions and maintaining the development of ecological generations.

1.4.3. Protect and promote community cultural identity

This is an important principle for ecotourism, because indigenous cultural values are an inseparable element of the environmental values of the ecosystem in a particular area. The degradation or change of traditional cultural practices and activities of local communities will destroy the natural ecological balance of the area, changing that ecosystem. The consequences of this process will directly impact ecotourism.

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Therefore, protecting and promoting the cultural identity of local communities is of great significance to the activities of ecotourism.

1.4.4. Create job opportunities and bring benefits to local people

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This is both the principle and the goal of DLST. If the

Other types of nature tourism pay less attention to this issue, most of the profits go to the operating companies, on the contrary, ecotourism spends a significant portion of its profits from its operations to contribute to improving the living environment of local communities.

In addition, DLST always aims to mobilize the maximum participation of local people, such as taking on the role of tour guides, providing accommodation for guests, and supplying food and souvenirs for visitors.

visitors,... thereby creating more jobs and increasing income for local communities. As a result, people's lives will be less dependent on natural exploitation, and they will realize the benefits of protecting natural resources for ecotourism development. The pressure of the population on the environment will be reduced and the local community will be the real owners, the ones protecting the natural values and indigenous culture of the place where ecotourism activities take place.

1.5. Contents of implementing ecotourism development policy

1.5.1. Develop implementation plan and issue key documents

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Organizing the implementation of ecotourism development policy is a process.

The process is quite complicated and takes place over a long period of time, so it needs to be planned and programmed so that all levels and state agencies can proactively implement it. The plans include an organizational and operational plan; a plan to provide resources; a plan for implementation time; a plan to inspect and urge policy implementation and a plan for regulations and rules.

The plan for implementing the ecotourism development policy before implementation must ensure the requirements of scientificity, feasibility and timeliness. The implementation of the ecotourism development policy is a complex and long-term process. Based on the Party's policies and resolutions, the State's legal policies on ecotourism development; every year, Party committees and authorities at all levels must issue resolutions, plans and decisions to proactively organize implementation.

1.5.2. Dissemination and propaganda of policies

Dissemination and propaganda of policies help policy subjects and all people participating in implementation clearly understand the purpose and requirements of the policy; the correctness of the policy in certain circumstances and the feasibility of the policy.

The subjects of popularizing propaganda are the authorities at all levels in coordination with the Vietnam Fatherland Front Committee, socio-political organizations and cadres and party members in the entire political system. To carry out the work of popularizing and propagating the implementation of the policy on developing eco-tourism, it is necessary to develop a plan to organize popularization and propaganda at the local level.

Dissemination and propaganda work must be carried out regularly, continuously, and long-term in many diverse and rich forms.

1.5.3. Assignment and coordination of implementation

The division of labor and close coordination between specialized departments and authorities at all levels contribute to more effective policy implementation. In particular, the People's Committees at all levels are the presiding agencies; specialized agencies are responsible for advising the People's Committees to issue decisions and implementation plans. To effectively implement the ecotourism development policy, it is necessary to carry out division of labor and coordination between industry management agencies, authorities at all levels, factors participating in policy implementation and processes affecting the implementation of ecotourism development policy goals.

Assignment and coordination of implementation subjects: implementing eco-tourism development policies can affect the interests of a part of the population in different directions, some benefit a lot, some benefit a little, some do not benefit,... Therefore, to implement eco-tourism development policies,

To develop sustainable tourism to achieve its goals, it is necessary to coordinate related factors, components, and objects of impact.

1.5.4. Maintain policy

Policy maintenance is the entire activity to ensure that the policy is effective in socio-political life. The feasibility of the policy will greatly contribute to the maintenance of the policy. To maintain the policy effectively, it is necessary to ensure that the tools and implementation measures are appropriate to the actual situation of the locality.

1.5.5. Adjusting the nine policies

All policies in the process of implementation are likely to reveal problems that are not suitable for social life or are affected by objective factors that the policy subject cannot foresee such as: epidemics, natural disasters, economic recession, climate change, etc. Therefore, after a period of implementation and bringing policies into social life, it is necessary to summarize and evaluate to adjust the policy to suit specific conditions so that the policy can be maintained and promoted effectively. Policy adjustment must be implemented flexibly by the policy issuing agency from adjusting measures, solutions, implementation mechanisms and other contents, but not changing the policy objectives. If the policy objectives are changed, the policy is considered a failure.

1.5.6. Check and urge policy implementation

Policies after being implemented are not always implemented by agencies and organizations with the highest sense of responsibility to ensure progress and effectiveness in implementation. Therefore, the work of inspection, supervision and urging is an extremely important task that needs to be carried out regularly during the process of policy implementation. The work of inspection and urging is

Activities of competent authorities to promptly supplement and perfect policies; rectify the organization and implementation of policies, improve the effectiveness of implementing policy objectives, and promptly detect and handle policy violations. The basis for checking and urging policy implementation is the implementation plan.

1.5.7. Evaluation, summary and lessons learned

Periodically every quarter, 6 months, year and by stage; authorities at all levels organize a preliminary review to evaluate the implementation of local tourism development policies with achievements, limitations and causes. From there, propose solutions for effective implementation in the following period to promptly supplement and complete the policy. It is possible to evaluate in part or in whole, mid-term evaluation; the basis for evaluating the summary of the direction and implementation of policies in state agencies is the assigned plan and the internal rules and regulations.

The subjects that are considered and evaluated for the results of implementing the tourism development policy are competent state agencies, units that coordinate the implementation and evaluate the implementation of the subjects participating in implementing the tourism development policy, including the subjects that directly and indirectly benefit from the policy, that is, all members of society in the area as citizens.

1.6. Basic factors affecting the implementation of ecotourism development policies

1.6.1. Subjects of policy implementation

Policy implementers must have consensus from local professional agencies in the process of implementing policy objectives so as not to affect the implementation organization.

The policy implementation environment includes factors related to economic, political, cultural, social, national security and defense activities, and the local natural environment, which are also factors affecting policy implementation.

As the subjects participating in implementing policy objectives and also the beneficiaries of the benefits that the policy brings, the consensus and support of the local people is one of the important factors determining the success or failure of the policy. Therefore, the policy objectives must ensure the harmonious resolution of the interests of the target groups.

1.6.2. Policy subjects

In organizing the implementation of local ecotourism development policies, policy subjects include: People's Councils, People's Committees and local professional agencies are the units directly implementing the policies; the team of local cadres and civil servants, the capacity of the team of cadres and civil servants greatly affects the effectiveness of implementing ecotourism development policies in the locality. Besides, local people as subjects participating in policy implementation are also policy subjects; so customs, living habits, intellectual level, and behavior of local people also greatly affect the implementation of local ecotourism development policies.

1.6.3. Financial resources for policy implementation

The effectiveness of policy implementation is greatly affected by ensuring financial resources for implementing ecotourism development policies. Financial resources are increasingly important to join human resources and other factors in successfully implementing ecotourism development policies at the local level.

1.7. Criteria for evaluating the implementation of tourism development policies

There are many criteria and ways to evaluate the implementation of ecotourism development policies because ecotourism is an activity that is both influenced and has a very diverse impact on other fields. In addition, each research method can build its own system of evaluation criteria. Because the approach of the topic is related to the content of "development", the evaluation criteria of the topic will be evaluated based on the approach of sustainable development.

Based on the approach of the United Nations on “sustainable development” introduced by the World Commission on Environment and Development - WCED (now the Brundtland Commission) in 1987 and reaffirmed by the United Nations at the Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. According to the approach of sustainable development, it can be understood that “ Implementing a sustainable ecotourism development policy is a development that can meet the current needs of ecotourism without affecting or harming the ability to meet the needs of future generations ”.

Accordingly, to implement sustainable tourism development policies, tourism development policies must ensure the following 3 criteria:

- Sustainable economic development.

- Sustainable social development.

- Environmentally sustainable development.

Specifically, the criteria for evaluating the implementation of tourism development policies are as follows:

after:

a) Criteria for sustainable economic development

- In what cases is economic development considered good?

The implementation of ecotourism development policy is only considered as

good when it brings many benefits to people, it helps solve job creation, reduce poverty, increase people's income, even if the income

In addition to attracting foreign tourists, ecotourism activities also help promote on-site export activities, helping to increase foreign currency revenue for the country.

Implementing the ecotourism development policy is considered good because it not only helps develop the economy within one industry but also has an economic spillover effect, helping to develop many other industries serving tourism such as developing the transportation industry, developing local cuisine, developing industries producing handicrafts and industries with local specialties.

In addition to implementing the tourism development policy to help create a spread in the development of industries, it is also considered good when creating a spread in the development of an entire region or even an entire country (as in the case of tourism development in Thailand).

- In what cases is economic development considered not good?

It is very difficult to evaluate economically because in many cases, implementing ecotourism development policies brings many economic benefits but still fails to fully exploit ecotourism resources (or in other words, there are still other ways to bring higher economic benefits), so it cannot be considered a good implementation of ecotourism policies.

If the implementation of ecotourism development policy brings many benefits but those economic benefits are only immediate and not sustainable in the long term, it cannot be considered good economic development.

Besides, if the economic benefits from implementing the tourism development policy are not uniform but only local, group interests or in other words, the economic benefits are only brought to a certain group of people, then it can be assessed that the implementation of the tourism development policy is not good.

- In what cases is economic development considered average?

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