illiteracy, increasing the educational level of the people. The thesis has pointed out many shortcomings in capital management, thereby proposing three groups of solutions to innovate the organizational model of the Vietnam Bank for Social Policies, enhance the ability to mobilize capital for programs, promote effective credit policies for the poor, enhance the responsibility and capacity of related subjects from the poor, to the poverty reduction committee, union officials, etc.
Vo Ngoc Han (2016), master's thesis on "Improving the lending activities to solve employment of the transaction office of the Social Policy Bank of Lak district, Dak Lak province", the thesis has provided basic theories on unemployment, employment, analyzed and evaluated the current situation of lending for the poor, and pointed out the existence of the Social Policy Bank of Lak district. Thereby, the author proposed a number of separate solutions suitable to the local situation.
Do Minh Duc (2018), master's thesis on "Development of employment lending of the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi branch". In the thesis, the author has presented a number of theories on employment lending, the lending activities of the Social Policy Bank, thereby analyzing the current situation, stating the causes and limitations. However, the author has not yet provided a general theoretical basis for the issue of employment in the socio-economic sector. In addition, the current GQVL lending program at the Social Policy Bank has changed some contents and lending regulations, so some solutions and recommendations are no longer reasonable.
In addition to the above research works, there are also a number of articles introducing domestic and foreign experiences in credit support for the poor to achieve the goal of hunger eradication and poverty reduction, such as "Credit for the rural poor" by Professor, Dr. Do The Tung, Banking magazine No. 6-1991; "Grameen Bank - NHNg in Bangladesh" by Chu Van Nguyen, Banking magazine No. 7-1995; "Issues to be solved in implementing credit services for poor households lacking production capital" and "Hunger eradication and poverty reduction and the target of the Social Policy Bank" by Ha Thi Hanh, Banking magazine No. 1+2/2000 and 2003.
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Developing lending activities to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch - 2
The above works are mainly researched at the macro level, at the Central Bank for Social Policies and nationwide. Up to now, there have been research works on the development of lending activities for job creation at the Hanoi Branch of the Bank for Social Policies, however, due to changes in documents and lending policies, the old studies are no longer suitable for the present. Therefore, this thesis will inherit previous studies, and at the same time research and analyze the factors affecting the development of lending activities for job creation in the period 2018-2021, when implementing new documents changing interest rates, loan levels, loan procedures, etc. for this program.
3. Research objectives
Overall objective: To propose recommendations to develop lending activities to solve employment problems at the Hanoi branch of the Vietnam Bank for Social Policies. To achieve this research objective, the thesis needs to perform the following tasks:
- Focus on clarifying theoretical and practical issues on loan development to solve employment problems.
- Analyze the current status of loan development activities to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch.
- Propose some solutions and recommendations to develop lending activities to solve employment problems at the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch.
4. Research object and scope
Research object: The topic focuses on studying theoretical and practical issues related to the development of lending activities to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank.
Research scope:
- Spatial scope: Research topic on lending activities to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch.
- Time scope: Research on the development of job creation lending activities at the Vietnam Bank for Social Policies, Hanoi Branch in the period 2018-2021.
5. Research methods
- Data collection method:
+ Secondary data collection: data in the article is collected from books, newspapers, studies and annual summary reports of the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch for the period 2018-2021.
+ Collect primary data: through direct observation of ongoing activities at the bank such as the behavior and work of bank staff, observing customers coming to transact at the bank. Indirect observation is through reports on bank performance, lending activities to solve employment issues to see the current situation of the bank, customer borrowing trends, and the level of customer trust in the bank.
- Data analysis method:
+ Descriptive statistical method: Using synthetic indicators to reflect and analyze levels such as absolute numbers, relative numbers, average numbers and tables, data to describe the level of change, scale of phenomena, specifically the lending situation over the years of the bank such as the number of customers with outstanding loans, bad debt ratio...
+ Comparison method: compare over time the performance and outstanding loans of the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch in the period 2018-2021.
- Method of processing and synthesizing data: After synthesizing data, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of lending activities to customers to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch. Use software such as Excel to synthesize, analyze and process information.
6. Structure of the thesis
In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of related research works, list of tables and diagrams, list of references and main content appendix, the thesis is structured into 3 chapters:
Chapter 1. Theoretical basis for developing lending activities to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank.
Chapter 2. Current status of development of lending activities to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch.
Chapter 3. Solutions to develop lending activities to solve employment at the Social Policy Bank, Hanoi Branch.
CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL BASIS FOR DEVELOPING EMPLOYMENT LENDING ACTIVITIES AT THE SOCIAL POLICY BANK
1.1. Overview of employment and employment settlement
1.1.1. Concept of employment in socio-economics
In the current socio-economic situation, every individual with the ability to work has the right to work. This is one of the most basic human rights affirmed in the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Work is a need, a right, but at the same time, it is also a duty and responsibility of a person. Work is a labor activity, creating, bringing benefits, income and is a form of activity of each individual but is always associated with society and recognized by society.
The International Labor Organization (ILO) defines employment as: “Employment is work activities paid in cash or in kind.”
“Employment is a labor activity that generates income that is not prohibited by law ” (Article 9 of the Labor Code, National Assembly, 2019).
“ Employed people are those who work in useful fields, professions, and types of activities that are not prohibited by law, generating income to support themselves and their families while contributing to society” (Associate Professor Nguyen Huu Dung - Tran Huu Trung, 2002).
There are many different definitions of employment, each country and territory has its own opinions and concepts of employment. However, the general concept of employment can be understood as:
- Labor activities: employment represents human labor into means of production to create products and services in the socio-economic system. This activity is systematic, regular and professional. Therefore, employed people need to have certain skills and expertise to be able to complete the work.
- Income generating activities: through work, workers receive income corresponding to their labor.
- Activities must be legal: for labor activities that generate income but are illegal and not recognized by law, they are not considered employment. Depending on the socio-economic conditions, customs, and ethical concepts of each country, the law has different regulations in determining the legality of labor activities considered employment. This is a sign showing the legal characteristics of employment.
It can be seen that in the socio-economic system, employment plays an important role, it is indispensable for each individual and the entire economy, is the core and continuous issue in economic activities, has a close relationship with the economy and society, it governs all activities of individuals and society. For each individual, employment brings a source of income to support and satisfy their own needs, directly affects and governs their entire life.
Therefore, employment is one of the important criteria for assessing economic development. Analyzing the changing dynamics of employment allows to assess the impact of economic transformation and propose appropriate employment policies to facilitate the socio-economic development of a locality or a country.
1.1.2. Concept of employment in the socio-economic system
Identifying that employment has an important impact on economic development means understanding employment and having policies and measures to solve employment problems, in order to achieve national goals of national, human, economic and political development.
The 9th National Congress of the Party pointed out: “Employment is a fundamental social policy. By many measures, create new jobs, increase the working time fund, especially in agriculture and rural areas. Economic sectors expand industries, production facilities, and services that can employ a lot of labor; Take care to improve working conditions, ensure labor safety and hygiene, prevent accidents and occupational diseases for workers; Restore and develop craft villages... soon build and perfect subsidy policies for unemployed workers”.
From the viewpoints and definitions of employment, it can be seen that employment is very necessary and is considered an important task in the policies and guidelines of the Party and the State. Employment is a fundamental policy of the country for sustainable development for the people. Depending on the approaches and research purposes, the following concepts of employment are proposed:
- Employment is an activity that helps workers find specific jobs and generate income for them without being prohibited by law. The person who creates employment opportunities for workers can be the Government through policies, or economic organizations (companies, factories, production and business establishments...) and individuals through recruitment activities.
- Employment is the process of creating an environment to form jobs and arrange suitable workers in the workplace to have a high-quality working environment, ensuring the employment needs of workers and employers, meeting the country's development goals.
- Employment is a set of economic and social measures and policies by the state, society and workers themselves, affecting all aspects of social life, creating favorable conditions to ensure people's welfare, creating conditions for people to be able to work and find jobs.
1.1.3. The role of employment in today's society
One of the main resources in economic development is labor. However, not all countries effectively use their available labor resources. This is partly due to objective reasons specific to each country, partly due to government policies and institutions, and partly due to subjective reasons regarding the qualifications and quality of the labor force.
In developed countries, due to their good financial potential, unemployed people receive subsidies and support from the Government. This creates conditions for unemployed workers to be able to ensure a part of their lives. However, in underdeveloped and developing countries, the economy is not in a good enough position to ensure a minimum level of benefits for the unemployed. Unemployed people fall into a situation of
poverty and their quality of life decline, leading to economic recession. The negative consequences of unemployment cause social evils to increase, hunger, disease, war... Therefore, focusing on finding all measures to solve unemployment has become an important and necessary issue for any country. That not only solves the immediate problem of creating jobs for unemployed workers to support themselves and their families, but also has long-term significance for the economy.
- For workers : Job creation helps workers find jobs and create income to ensure their lives, develop economic resources, reduce unemployment, thereby limiting the negative impacts of unemployment. Job creation contributes to ensuring social stability, safety and justice.
Demonstrating the role of society towards workers, reflecting society's concern for the material and spiritual life of workers, and at the same time being a bridge between society and people.
Employment is a fundamental policy of the country to achieve sustainable development of the people. For a country, the right policy is to maximize the capacity of the workers. Therefore, solving the problem of labor and employment is a great success in the economic, social and political development of the country.
- For the economy: Employment comes from market demand, creating job opportunities for workers, especially in developing or underdeveloped countries with abundant young labor resources, which will be a potential market to attract investment and have many job prospects. When workers have a good working environment, creating a guaranteed income for their personal lives, while also creating economic growth and national income. At that time, if the economy wants to develop well, it must always ensure creating demand and jobs for each individual, maintaining a harmonious relationship between employment and the economy, that is, always ensuring that the economy tends to develop sustainably, and conversely, maintaining the interests and promoting the potential of workers.
- For society : Family is the cell that forms society, individuals are the elements that contribute to building the family, so when individuals in the family have jobs,