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Building Strategy and Planning for Tourism Development in the Province According to Sustainable Development Criteria


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Building Strategy and Planning for Tourism Development in the Province According to Sustainable Development Criteria

Domestic travel

Place of residence

Hotel

Infrastructure

Foreign tourists

Domestic tourists

Foreign travel

International travel

Tourist service provider

Where to eat Restaurant

Places to visit

Tourist attractions

Travel Transportation

Where to buy Store

Services Life services...etc.

Financial Services

Bank

Local government

Residential community

Other business units

Tourists consume goods and services

Figure 2.3: Structure of the tourism business process

- The role of provincial government in tourism is to develop the tourism industry here strongly and sustainably. The tourism market and tourism market institutions are expanded, the market institutions are established, and the movement of market factors is smooth. The development of local tourism contributes effectively to the development of the tourism industry nationwide.

- The role of provincial authorities in the local tourism industry is to develop the industry, develop the locality, and improve local welfare (living standards, civilization, fairness, security, and improved ecological environment).

According to Article 10 of the Law on Tourism, State management of tourism has 9 contents, specifically: 1. Developing and organizing the implementation of strategies, planning, plans and policies for tourism development; 2. Developing, promulgating and organizing the implementation of legal documents, economic and technical standards in tourism activities; 3. Propagating, disseminating and educating laws and information on tourism; 4. Organizing and managing training and human resource development activities; researching and applying science and technology; 5. Organizing the investigation and assessment of tourism resources to develop plans.

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tourism development, identification of tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes, tourist cities; 6. Organizing international cooperation on tourism; tourism promotion activities domestically and internationally; 7. Regulating the organization of the state management apparatus on tourism, the coordination of state agencies in state management of tourism; 8. Granting and revoking licenses and certificates on tourism activities; 9. Inspecting, examining, resolving complaints, denunciations and handling violations of the law on tourism (QH, 2005). Also according to Clause 4, Article 11 of the Law on Tourism, the responsibility for state management of tourism is: The People's Committees at the provincial level, within the scope of their tasks and powers and according to the decentralization of the Government, are responsible for implementing state management of tourism in the locality; Specify strategies, plans, schemes, mechanisms and policies for tourism development in accordance with local realities and take measures to ensure security, order, social safety and environmental sanitation in tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes and tourist cities (QH, 2005).

From the above analysis, it can be seen that local authorities need to implement the following contents in sustainable tourism development:

2.2.2.1. Develop strategies and plans for tourism development in the province according to sustainable development criteria.

Building a master plan for tourism development is an important basis for promoting sustainable tourism development, it has a positive impact on investment orientation. Development according to the plan contributes to maximizing investment resources, the system of hotels, restaurants and works serving tourism will be invested and built in the right direction, creating synchronization of technical facilities of the tourism industry.

The tourism development strategy in a locality determines the long-term development directions, its basic content is: System of development perspectives; development directions, development goals, major tasks and policies to be implemented. Therefore, the content of the master plan must determine and demonstrate a long-term vision, realistically assess comparative advantages to maximize the exploitation of resources to promote tourism development. The goals and targets must be consistent with local practical conditions and the development prospects of the tourism industry in the context of international economic integration, and the period of accelerating industrialization and modernization in our country.

Based on the strategy and master plan for the development of the country's tourism industry. Provincial authorities establish master plans and plans for local tourism development for each period, in accordance with resource conditions and tourism potential and advantages. Local tourism development plans and plans, after being approved by competent authorities, must be announced and widely publicized for the people and relevant agencies to know.

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The State needs to have investment mechanisms and policies to gradually realize the planning. State capital supports investment in building tourism infrastructure, focusing mainly on roads, telecommunications, lighting, water supply and drainage in concentrated tourist areas and tourism development planning areas.

Local authorities are responsible for managing, protecting and developing tourism resources, ensuring sustainable development.

2.2.2.2. Building a mechanism to apply laws and policies to develop tourism on the

Provincial area according to sustainable development criteria

To exploit the resources, advantages and potentials for local tourism development, provincial authorities need to develop specific mechanisms and policies based on a general legal framework. Policies to encourage investment in the tourism sector must be specified in legal documents, which are the basis for investors to study and consider investment decisions.

Investing in the tourism sector requires a large amount of capital and a long payback period, so depending on the specific conditions of the locality, appropriate incentive mechanisms should be determined. The mechanisms and policies issued must ensure that they do not contradict the general legal framework in the tourism sector, while creating openness and attracting investors.

The locality has many potentials, advantages and rich and diverse tourism resources, but without appropriate mechanisms and policies, it is impossible to attract and encourage businesses to invest in the tourism sector. Investment projects in building infrastructure and technical facilities for tourism are decisive for the rapid or slow development of the local tourism industry. Therefore, the provincial government needs to focus on attracting investment, inviting businesses with strong management and financial capacity to invest in the tourism sector.

Tourism activities require State management to orient development in line with the general orientation. Therefore, in addition to the general regulations of the State, local authorities need to study the local practical situation to both specify the State's policies and issue necessary legal documents to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of State management of tourism, meeting the requirements of sustainable tourism development.

In the process of implementing policies, there should be serious and scientific "assessments" to perfect, supplement or amend policies. For the development of the tourism industry in a locality, the following documents and policies have a direct impact: Law on Tourism, Law on Investment, investment incentive policies; financial and credit policies, policies to support the construction of tourism infrastructure; support policies

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tourism promotion, tourism product development and tourism human resource training; land policy; pricing policy for services constituting tourism products, competition policy.

2.2.2.3. Building the organization and management of tourism development in the province according to sustainable development criteria

Organizing and operating tourism activities in the province is to perform the function of organizing and operating the development of an industry within a locality. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the following issues:

- Organizing the system of management objects. Tourism products are created by combining services and material means on the basis of exploiting tourism resources. Therefore, to have tourism activities, it is necessary to exploit tourism resources. Tourism resources are not only natural landscapes, historical and cultural factors, but they are the combination of natural landscapes, historical and cultural factors with the creative labor of humans. Therefore, the first thing is to plan well the system of tourist spots, tourist areas, and tourist routes.

Another important task is to organize a system of tourism businesses. Tourism is a comprehensive economic sector, so there are many types of businesses from different sectors participating in it. It can be divided into four main groups: establishments whose activities almost entirely serve tourism, directly meeting the needs of tourists such as travel agencies, travel agencies, accommodation establishments, tourist restaurants, tourist transportation establishments, tourist information points; kiosks at tourist sites and areas; establishments whose activities partly serve tourism, but directly meet the needs of tourists such as: transportation, post offices, restaurants, other service establishments, currency exchange counters, insurance establishments, etc.

- Organizing and operating the management system. For the tourism industry in a locality, the following issues need to be considered: First, the management apparatus must be commensurate with the tasks; second, the quality of the staff and civil servants in the tourism industry.

Tourism is a comprehensive, multi-sector, multi-disciplinary economic sector with a distinct cultural character. The quality of tourism services is the suitability of service products to satisfy the requirements set forth or predetermined by tourists. It is also possible to determine the suitability or satisfaction of tourists when comparing perceived services and expected services. Thus, it is clear that perceived services are extremely important. Perceptions arise in the process of contact between tourists and staff and officials in the tourism industry. That is to say, the quality of officials and civil servants, the working style of management agencies have a decisive meaning for the quality of tourism activities.

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- Operate the activities of the management subjects and objects. The purpose of operation management is: one, to ensure that activities are coordinated and smooth from beginning to end; two, to operate at the most active speed; three, to operate in the right direction (not deviating from the predetermined orbit). To coordinate and smooth, it is necessary to take advantage of the "automatic" mechanism. State management agencies must maximize the advantages of the market mechanism in encouraging and regulating the development of the tourism industry. There must be policies to ensure the openness and freedom of the business environment, remove barriers, so that investors can freely participate in or withdraw from the market, and ensure legal guarantees for fair competition.

To support the market, the State, in addition to ensuring the legal environment, needs to have mechanisms and organizations to ensure market information (trends of demand, supply, prices, etc.). With a comprehensive position, the State can clearly see the strengths, weaknesses, and imbalances in development, thus being able to demonstrate and support businesses. It is necessary to maintain a bridge between businesses and State agencies regularly.

Localities have different characteristics and conditions. Some localities have more advantages in tourism development. Being aware of that and turning advantages into local competitiveness in development is the State's task.

In addition to the above mentioned contents in organization and management, ensuring infrastructure for tourism development is a content that organization and management work needs to pay special attention to. Infrastructure is the totality of technical facilities, works, and means existing in a certain territory used as production conditions and living conditions in general, ensuring the continuous and smooth operation of material flows, information flows and services to meet the needs of production and life.

According to the above concept, the infrastructure of a locality (province, city) has the following parts: technical infrastructure (also known as hardware), service infrastructure (also known as software); can also be divided into technical infrastructure (such as electricity system, traffic system, etc.)

- transportation; water supply and drainage systems, information systems, post and telecommunications...).

Social infrastructure (including: educational and training facilities, entertainment and recreation facilities, hospitals...).

The overall technical infrastructure of tourism in a locality can also be viewed in two ways: In a broad sense, the technical infrastructure of the tourism industry is all the facilities and means mobilized to participate in the exploitation of tourism resources to ensure goods and services for tourists. If so, it includes facilities and means of the tourism industry and other industries.

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Management services for tours such as road systems, bridges, ferries, telecommunications, electricity, water... It ensures general conditions and specific conditions of the tourism industry; in a narrow sense, tourism's material and technical facilities are only the specific elements of the tourism industry such as: hotels, restaurants, entertainment areas, means of transport, supporting architectural works... These are factors that directly affect the services and goods provided to tourists.

Due to the characteristics of tourism activities, tourism technical facilities have special requirements regarding: comfort level, aesthetics level, hygiene level and safety level.

Faced with such requirements and trends, the task of local tourism must carry out the following main contents:

- Directly provide infrastructure for tourism including general infrastructure and infrastructure specific to the tourism industry.

- The State has a policy to encourage the mobilization of resources for the construction of general technical infrastructure, as well as specific technical infrastructure for tourism. In particular, the State needs to have a policy to support the construction of infrastructure for localities, projects under priority target programs, and remote localities with the ability to exploit unique tourism resources.

- The State has policies to mobilize the private sector and businesses to directly participate in investing in tourism development.

The task of the executive organization is to steer the development of local tourism in the right direction. This means following the strategy, planning, and plan that has been outlined; it also means developing in accordance with current laws. This task is closely linked to the content of State management in terms of inspection, control, and adjustment.

2.2.2.4. Inspect and examine the organization and management of tourism business activities in the province according to sustainable development criteria.

* Control and regulate the development of local tourism activities. This content includes the overall activities of the State to detect and handle errors, bottlenecks, failures, difficulties, as well as finance, opportunities to promote the local tourism industry to develop strongly and in the right direction. In essence, it is to perform the task of feedback and forecasting. The feedback control system mainly controls output results to detect deviations from established standards (such as strategies, planning, development plans of the tourism industry approved by responsible agencies; current central and local industry development policies; legal regulations...) to overcome and promote in the next cycle. The control and forecasting system controls input factors, evaluates

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ability to forecast development trends, anticipate output results in order to have timely and early interventions.

Forms of control and adjustment that can be applied:

- Supervision is the task of State power agencies such as the National Assembly, local People's Councils (PCs) and courts at all levels (through their jurisdictional functions) at the local level. PCs supervise the activities of People's Committees (PCs), State management agencies by sector, field... through reports of the People's Committees, sectors at meetings, through questioning, monitoring delegations, and through contact with voters.

- Inspection can be understood as the regular activities of a superior agency with a subordinate agency, or a specific inspection of a certain issue.

State economic inspection activities include: inspection by general competent State agencies, functional inspection and internal inspection.

Inspections by general authorities are conducted in the following forms: listening to reports and evaluating reports of inspected entities, and organizing inspection teams on each issue.

Functional testing is performed by industry regulators.

Internal inspection of the industry. The industry leader can directly inspect or establish

inspection team help

- Inspection: refers to the activities of the system of specialized agencies on inspection work (such as state inspection, ministry inspection, department inspection).

- Control: is the legality assurance activity of the People's Procuracy at all levels with the task of ensuring the legality in the operations and issuance of documents of administrative agencies, and strict compliance with the law by civil servants and citizens.

- Auditing: is an inspection activity to confirm the correctness and legality of accounting documents and data, financial statements of state agencies, state economic units, unions, and social organizations using the state budget. Auditing includes: state audit, independent audit, internal audit.

Through the above forms, it is possible to accurately assess and determine necessary State interventions in the development of local tourism activities.

In summary, to develop tourism in a sustainable way, each locality needs the full participation of all stakeholders in the process of planning and implementing tourism development; there needs to be a strategy to mobilize resources to support implementation and sustainability should focus on resources that are already available at the national and regional levels; at the same time, each locality needs to facilitate travel activities, which is also considered a key issue that needs action to maintain the level of tourism development.

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2.2.3. Factors affecting the role of provincial local authorities in sustainable tourism development

Industries from economics to science and society want to develop are all influenced by the conditions and circumstances that give that industry, that is, there must be a driving force and potential. The tourism industry is no exception to that rule. However, as a typical activity, tourism can only develop in the conditions that it allows. In these conditions, there are conditions with common characteristics belonging to all aspects of social life, besides, due to the geographical location of each region, it creates different tourism potentials. That is the diversity that creates unique tourism programs for each region, and the ultimate goal is to attract tourists, increase understanding, and create cultural exchanges between regions.

2.2.3.1. General economic, political and social context of the whole country

Political factors: Tourism activities can only appear and develop in conditions of peace and friendly relations between countries and ethnic groups. Areas and countries with military or ethnic wars are factors that negatively affect tourism activities. Thailand is a country that used to have a developed tourism industry, but recently, due to domestic political instability, the country's tourism industry has been in turmoil, and the number of international visitors has decreased significantly. People express their desire to live in peace, friendship and development. Through international travel activities, tourists from different countries have the opportunity to learn about the culture and life of the destination, thereby creating conditions for people between countries and ethnic groups to understand each other better and get closer.

Safety conditions for tourists: The security and order situation of each country, the issue of racial discrimination, and epidemics are factors that have a strong impact on tourism. Tourists only choose to travel to safe and friendly places to ensure their lives.

Living conditions: People's income is important to tourism development. People only think about traveling when their living conditions are at a level that meets the basic needs of living and spending for themselves and their families. Increased income of the people has a positive impact on stimulating tourism development.

Free time: People cannot make trips without a certain amount of free time. Along with the increasing economic conditions and the trend of increasing number of days off for workers will be a favorable factor for tourism development.

The country's economic development situation and trends: Possibilities and trends

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