Research Projects on Sports Psychology in the Country

This is related to World War II. After the 1950s, along with the strong development of the sports career, modern sports psychology was born. Starting from the early years of the 50s, sports science journals of Western European, Eastern European and North American countries published many theses and studies on sports psychology. Universities and sports academies of countries around the world have arranged sports psychology teaching programs and established research rooms. A number of research plans have also been continuously proposed. The main characteristic of the development of psychology during this period is that scientists have begun to rely on psychological theories to describe some psychological phenomena in sports, and at the same time, through scientific methods, conduct research on pressing issues in the field of sports.

In addition, in the 1950s, former Soviet scientists borrowed Indian YOGA techniques to conduct self-regulation training for astronauts in physiological and psychological processes such as self-regulation of heart rate, body temperature, muscle tension and emotions under the stimulation of a weightless environment... Psychological training for athletes in the former Soviet Union and the German Democratic Republic, after 20 years on that basis, has developed strongly.

In 1965, the International Society of Sport Psychology (ISSP) was founded. This was a milestone marking the emergence of sport psychology as an independent science, a branch of psychology.

In 1970, the journal “International Sports Psychology” was born, publishing many research works on sports psychology, creating favorable conditions for academic exchange and information on the field of psychology of countries, promoting the development of sports psychology . It can be said that in the past 30 years, the field of international sports psychology research has had many changes and developments; Former Soviet Union

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and Eastern European countries, always use high-performance sports as the research object. The purpose is to promote the improvement of sports capacity for athletes, the key research areas are:

Methods of diagnosing sports psychology.

Mental training is a part of sports training. Regulating mental state.

Using control theory to guide the construction of a psychological athlete selection model.

As for Western scholars, they mostly rely on their own interests and their perception of the importance of the research problem. They choose their research field based on their own research direction, and are also greatly influenced by other branches of psychology [41], [61], [62], [63], [64].

There are a number of research areas identified to deal with the problems that arise in the field of physical education and sports. Therefore, the research area is relatively broad, the issues of concern in different periods are also different, the main areas include:

Psychology of motor skill learning.

Personality traits and high performance sports. Psychological states and sports performance.

Mental skills training.

Social psychology of physical education and sports. Physical education and human development.

From cognitive psychology to research on sports movement. Issues related to motivation and sports.

Japanese psychologists believe that mass sports psychology and high-performance sports psychology are different and are two different fields. Japanese psychologists pay more attention to mass sports psychology than those in other countries [6], [8], [12], [79], [80], [81].

1.4.2. Research works on sports psychology in the country

For Vietnam, the earliest research in the field of sports psychology was the research on the psychology of children learning to swim by Le Van Xem (1979) and the research on the positive nature of soccer athletes by Pham Ngoc Vien (1980). Since the early 90s of the last century, in-depth research on advanced sports has been conducted by Pham Ngoc Vien in the works: "Modeling the psychological activities of high-level gymnastics athletes" (1987) and "Building a psychological model of athletes in some sports" (1991), Nguyen Toan (sports psychology handbook in 2002). These research works of the authors are the first works on sports psychology in Vietnam. Since then, there have been a number of research works on student psychology, athlete psychology in some sports by Master Dinh Thi Thuy of Bac Ninh University of Sports. “The problem of applying basic theories of sports psychology to the process of teaching and training sports”. Since the 70s, the University of Sports I and II has introduced psychology into teaching. However, it was not until the end of the 80s that some sports teams such as football, table tennis, gymnastics in some major sports centers such as Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Thanh Hoa, and the Army applied psychology to the selection and training process. Vietnamese scientists such as Le Van Xem, Nguyen The Truyen, Nguyen Van Vinh, Nguyen Kim Minh, Pham Ngoc Vien, Nguyen Toan, Lam Quang Thanh, etc. have attached great importance to the application of psychological factors to the selection and training of sports. However, through the practice of researching and applying psychology in the field of sports in our country, especially the application of measures to overcome bad psychological states before and during competition, have not been systematically and effectively researched and applied.

In recent years, there have been research works by author Pham Chi Kien with the topic "Research on exercises to improve psychological capacity for shooting athletes"; Trinh Hong Son researched with the topic "Research on some exercises

"Overcoming the initial fever mentality for Taekwondo athletes". However, the research topic of measures to overcome the negative psychology before competition for athletes of sports in general and Karatedo in particular is still an open gap that needs to be researched in Vietnam.

1.5. Chapter summary

From the contents in the overview we have some comments.

after:

Training and psychological adjustment for athletes in general and athletes in particular

The subjects of direct competition in particular need to rely on the research achievements on the theoretical and practical basis of the field of sports psychology such as the theory of psychological energy. The laws, principles, and principles in psychological training; Based on the relationship of psychology with other fields, based on the trend of modern psychological training, the desired psychological training effect can be obtained.

Psychological states have different manifestations, the bad psychological states before and during the competition of Karatedo athletes are often manifestations of the states of "fever starting from indifference or indiscrimination". If these psychological states are not overcome, they will affect the competition performance. This further demonstrates the important effect and indispensable role of psychological training and adjustment in modern sports training and competition.

Chapter 2. SUBJECTS, METHODS AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATION

2.1. Research subjects

2.1.1. Research subjects

Measures to overcome bad psychological state before competition for high-level Vietnamese Karatedo athletes (Athletes competing in Kumite).

2.1.2. Research object

National Karatedo team athlete (Kumite competitor).

Coaches, lecturers, experts participating in Karatedo athlete training.

2.2. Research method

To achieve the research objectives of the topic. The research process of the topic used the following research methods:

2.2.1. Method of analyzing and synthesizing reference documents

This research method is used in the research process mainly to serve the purpose of solving the objectives 1 and 2 of the thesis. The professional references are collected from various sources including domestic and foreign documents. In order to synthesize, supplement scientific arguments and study in a more systematic and in-depth way the issues related to training and psychological adjustment for athletes in general and high-level athletes in particular. Using this method, the topic also aims to find scientific arguments suitable for the practice of high-level Vietnamese Karatedo athletes. In addition, using this method, it is also possible to choose to supplement new knowledge, methods and measures to make the training and psychological adjustment for athletes of Vietnamese Karatedo teams approach new methods of the world.

Using this method, the main source of documents is from the libraries of the Sports Universities, the libraries of the Institute of Science, foreign documents of professors, associate professors, doctors of the Institute of Science, the General Department of Sports and Physical Education and Bac Ninh University of Sports including 134 documents in Vietnamese including research works of domestic authors or research works of foreign authors translated into Vietnamese. In addition, 18 foreign documents (11 in English, 5 in Russian and 2 in Chinese) are used, which are works or scientific research works of world-famous psychologists on the subject of theory and practice of training and psychological adjustment.

These references are presented in the list of references.

2.2.2. Panel interview method

This research method was used by us in the process of consulting opinions to assess the current state of awareness, the role and effect of training and psychological adjustment in training and competition of Karatedo coaches and athletes, the current state of using training methods and therapies and psychological adjustment before competition for high-level Vietnamese Karatedo athletes.

Using the interview method to solicit expert opinions to select effective training and psychological adjustment measures to overcome negative psychological states for high-level Vietnamese Karatedo athletes.

The interview content is presented in the appendix.

To implement this method, the topic will design an interview form, each question is designed with answers according to the 5-level and 3-level Likert distance scale. The meaning of each average value for the 5-level distance scale is calculated according to the Likert scale with 7 questions about the role of

Training and psychological adjustment to overcome bad psychology before competition for high-level Vietnamese Karatedo athletes. Specifically:

1.00 - 1.80: Very high impact.

1.81 - 2.60: High impact.

2.61 - 3.40: Normal.

3.41 - 4.20: Minor impact.

4.21 - 5.00: Very small impact.

The 3-level gap scale in consensus testing for psychological remedies for Karatedo athletes is as follows:

1.00 - 1.67: Very important.

1.68 - 2.34: Important.

2.35 - 3.00: Less important.

2.2.3. Pedagogical observation method

Pedagogical observation is an important research method used to collect information on external expressions such as facial expressions, gestures, speech, behavior, number of urinations, sleep time, technical movements, judgment, accuracy, and effectiveness of athletes before competition, in order to help assess bad psychological states before competition more accurately. To conduct pedagogical observation, the topic has created an observation form to facilitate observation and assessment.

2.2.4. Medical examination methods

Medical examination methods play a very important role in collecting physiological developments related to psychological states, thereby helping to identify and evaluate the arising psychological states as well as the effectiveness of psychological measures used scientifically and objectively, which are the methods of checking blood pressure, number of urinations, and sleep time for athletes as follows:

(1) Blood pressure measurement method: The athlete sits on a chair with his hand on a table on a cushion or thin pillow: the person measuring uses a Japanese blood pressure measuring device to measure once to simultaneously determine both pulse and blood pressure.

(2) Number of urinations: Observe the number of urinations of athletes before the start of the competition. If every 5 minutes, it is a sign of a feverish state. If every 10-15 minutes, it is a sign of an indifferent state. If every 15 minutes or more, it is a sign of a lethargic state.

(3) Time to fall asleep: Test to assess the time to fall asleep. 5-10 minutes to fall asleep is a lethargic state, 10-15 minutes to fall asleep is a state of readiness to compete, 15-20 minutes to fall asleep is an indifferent state, and over 20 minutes to fall asleep is a state of fever.

Assessing and determining psychological states is a very difficult and complex task. To be accurate in determining and assessing the psychological developments and psychological states of athletes, we used the following tests:

(4) Test to compare skin temperature before competition with normal temperature.

If it increases from 1.10 or more, it is very high (corresponding to the initial fever state).

If the temperature increases and decreases unsteadily (sometimes high and sometimes low, fluctuating from 0.3 to 0.9 degrees, it is an indistinguishable state).

If it increases by 0.3 or less, it is a state of indifference.

As for the state of readiness for competition before the start of the competition, the temperature is from 0.5 o to 0.6 o.

( 5) The thermostat test is used to assess the emotional state and level of excitement of athletes.

Measuring tool: It is a multi-purpose emotion measuring device with 9 holes with diameter of 2-10mm and stopwatch.

How to measure: Let the athlete sit comfortably, hold an iron rod in hand and insert it from the largest hole to the smallest. The athlete must hold it for 10 seconds without shaking.

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