Tourist Psychology Restaurant Management

world's leading. Despite its small land area, large population, and few resources, with the industrious, studious, and creative characteristics of the Japanese people, Japan has become one of the world's leading economic powers. Recently, the number of Japanese tourists to Vietnam has increased, accounting for a large proportion of international visitors to Vietnam.

- National character:

With the above mentioned geographical, historical, economic and political conditions, the Japanese have quite typical personality traits such as:

+ Intelligent, hard-working, wise, cunning and rich. In daily life, Japanese people are polite, well-educated, thoughtful, persistent, disciplined and eager to learn.

+ Japanese people are loyal to tradition and authority figures, fulfill their duties to the group, they have a very high level of precision and discipline, and community identity is higher than individual identity.

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+ The Japanese are most afraid of losing face, being insulted, and being infamous. Their principle of life is: "Knowing where to stop will avoid danger, understanding your own status will avoid humiliation" so in life the Japanese are polite, thoughtful, they have a very high self-control, calm and gentle. Also because of the fear of being insulted, the Japanese rarely offend others or make others lose face, they avoid public conflicts, avoid touching the pride of others. Even when refusing something, the Japanese often do not say it directly (they avoid words like "no", "I don't know", "I can't") but often speak in circles, insinuate. Speaking in circles, insinuate is trained and preserved from generation to generation to become a custom, in the communication and speaking style of the Japanese. Also because of these customs, the Japanese are often very careful, thoughtful, wise, gentle, and have a very high self-control in communication.

+ The Japanese are a smiling people, they smile all the time, everywhere, their smiles have many meanings, they smile when they are happy, when they are sad.

+ For Japanese people, the lower the head bow when greeting, the more respect it shows. Nowadays, Japanese people often use business cards to introduce and get acquainted when meeting for the first time.

+ Japanese people love nature, have highly developed aesthetic feelings, they like things that are specific and have clear shapes. The decoration is mainly two contrasting colors red and black, this also shows the strength in the personality of Japanese people.

Japanese furniture is usually wooden, the floor is made of wood or carpet, the Japanese do not put tables and chairs in the house but sit on the floor. When entering a Japanese house, it is necessary to take off shoes and coats outside, when sitting, kneel and cross your legs.

+ Japanese people highly value the art of flower arrangement, they love chrysanthemums especially cherry blossoms, Japan is also known as "the land of cherry blossoms" this is a feature

The Japanese are very proud of their aesthetics, cherry blossoms symbolize a nostalgic beauty. Not only the Japanese but also East Asian countries often value chrysanthemums, they consider chrysanthemums a symbol of deep affection, confidant, respect, friendship and longevity.

+ Japanese people believe in the art of physiognomy, Japanese girls are very happy when they are praised as "beautiful women born in the year of the snake".

+ Japanese people love to drink tea. In addition to the usual way of drinking tea to quench thirst and cure diseases, there are also tea drinking rituals that have been elevated to an art, a religion...

+ Japanese people like odd numbers (choosing rooms, giving flowers, giving gifts...) and avoid odd numbers.

4. In Japanese, the number 4 means “shi” which is a homophone for the word death.

+ When giving gifts to Japanese people, you need to pay attention: the wrapping paper must be suitable (white, bright red for normal meetings, silver gold for weddings, black gray for sad events and funerals), the string can be 3,5,7,9 but cannot be an even number, the last knot must look like a silkworm.

+ The traditional Japanese costume is Kimono, used by both men and women.

- Taste and eating habits

In general, the Japanese taste and eating habits have many similarities with the Vietnamese and Chinese. They all eat on trays, use chopsticks, eat rice and soup with all the dishes served together.... In addition, the Japanese taste and eating habits also have some unique features:

+ Likes seafood dishes. Main foods are rice, noodles, meat, fish, vegetables... When preparing food, Japanese people often try to keep the original flavor of the ingredients and food.

+ Japanese seafood dishes are fish salad and shrimp salad served with hot sake.

+ Before eating, use a tightly wrapped, hot cotton towel for guests to wipe their face. After eating, have a bowl of tea with chrysanthemum flowers to wash hands.

+ The famous Japanese dish is Sushi. In addition, Japanese people also like American fast food, American candy, California wine and Coca-Cola.

+ Japanese people have the habit of sitting at the same table with strangers. In restaurants, they like to divide into small compartments to create warmth, closeness and maintain the necessary distance.

+ When eating with Japanese people, you should be careful not to pour soup into rice or other dishes, because they consider it an impolite gesture.

+ When drinking with Japanese people, you should not advise or force them to finish their drink.

alcohol.

2.11.2. Characteristics when traveling

Due to the characteristics of Japan being “narrow land and crowded”, the prices of services in Japan are very expensive, however, the standard of living of the Japanese is relatively high. Nowadays, the number of international visitors from Japan to Vietnam accounts for a relatively high proportion. In general, Japanese tourists have the following characteristics:

- The Japanese government encourages its people to travel abroad.

- The usual travel program is 7 days, traveling 3 times a year.

- Usually choose tourist destinations with lots of sunshine, attractive scenery, beautiful beaches, white sand, and conditions for swimming all year round. In addition, Japanese tourists also like ancient relics, cultural tourism programs, eco-tourism, sports...

- Because the prices of accommodation and food services in other countries are usually lower than those of the Japanese, the Japanese often decide to travel based on transportation costs and pay little attention to how they spend money at the tourist destination. They often use high-ranking services in hotels and use convenient and modern living facilities. The Japanese take safety very seriously, and they often go to security consulting offices before traveling abroad to ensure the safety of their lives and property. For this reason, the Japanese do not like to stay on the first and second floors of high-rise hotels. They often keep their money in secret places and only bring enough money to pay and spend.

- Young Japanese customers are influenced by modern lifestyle and European and American style, love adventure, are rustic, easy to communicate with, and integrate into new environments.

- Business guests often demand high precision, and they often use high-ranking services; according to their customs, Japanese people often buy a lot of souvenirs, like to eat French food and drink French wine.

In general, Japanese tourists maintain their national identity when traveling abroad. They always show themselves to be disciplined, polite, rarely complain, rarely get angry, and are very tactful in dealing with others, but have strict requirements for product and service quality. Tourism experts predict that Japanese tourists will be the most promising potential market for Vietnamese tourism products.

2.12. Tourists are Korean

2.12.1. General characteristics:

The full name of South Korea is the Republic of Korea, located in the south of the Korean peninsula, with an area of 99,326 km 2 . The population of South Korea is nearly 50 million people (2011) with the Korean ethnic group making up the vast majority. The majority of South Koreans follow Christianity (about 48% of the population follows Protestantism and Orthodox Christianity) and Buddhism (about 24%). The official language is Korean, however

In writing, many Chinese characters are used. Korea is the country with the second most developed economy in Asia, with famous products such as electronics, automobiles, chemicals, textiles... the living standard of Koreans is quite high, tourism in Korea is quite developed.

- National character:

Similar to countries in Northeast Asia, Korean culture is influenced by Chinese culture. In addition, in modern life, Korean culture is also influenced by Japanese, European and American culture. However, in general, there is a blend of modernity and tradition, but in the character of Korean people, there are still unique features:

+ In the modern lifestyle of Korean people, they still maintain traditional features, they highly value national cultural identity and promote education. Korean people pay great attention to their family, it has a very important meaning in the life of Korean people.

+ The five most important virtues for Koreans are: filial piety to ancestors and parents; loyalty to friends; faithfulness to spouse; obedience to and submission to leaders; and respect for teachers.

+ Koreans are very approachable, open and comfortable in communication. They always show themselves to be studious, dynamic, hard-working, and value morality and spirituality. They like to travel, have fun, and work with all their heart. They often make a very clear distinction between family work and entertainment.

+ Koreans pay great attention to the date and time, feng shui in building houses, or doing important things.

+ Korean youth tend to live a modern, practical, simple, dynamic life, like to communicate, easily integrate and adapt to new situations, like to travel and participate in youth-appropriate mass activities.

+ Korean women are gentle, calm, polite, and good at housework. Koreans believe that housework, taking care of husband and children is a woman's responsibility.

+ Koreans also avoid the number 4 (like the Japanese), when receiving gifts they avoid receiving gifts with their left hand. Koreans believe that opening your mouth is rude, you should cover your mouth when laughing, when talking to others, putting your hands in your shirt or pants pockets is also considered impolite.

+ Koreans really like the color white. For Koreans, white symbolizes purity, innocence, and loyalty. White is often chosen for clothing.

+ During festivals and important ceremonies, Koreans often wear traditional costumes. The most popular is the "Hanbok" (similar to the Japanese Kimono) used for both men and women. The men's "Hanbok" consists of "Paji" (pants) and "Chogori" (jacket) made of silk. Ceremonial costumes

The Korean men's ceremonial dress consists of a "Turumagi" (long robe) and a "Kat" (horsehair hat). The more elaborate "Hanbok" for women consists of a "Ch'ima" (long crimson skirt) and a "Chogori" (a yellow or light blue outer garment with colorful fringes). During traditional ethnic festivals, Korean women often wear a "Ch'ma" and a "Chokturi" (black crown).

+ Annual festivals of Korean people include: New Year's Eve (Sol); cold food festival held in April (Hansik); Mid-Autumn Festival (Ch'usok)...

+ Koreans love playing sports, especially soccer, volleyball, golf, baseball...

- Taste and eating habits:

In addition to similarities in taste and eating habits with some countries in East Asia, Korean taste and eating habits also have the following characteristics:

+ Koreans focus on breakfast and dinner, lunch is considered a snack.

+ The three main dishes that are always present on the Korean dining table are Pap (rice), Kimchi (spicy pickled vegetables), Kanjang (soy sauce). Kimchi plays a very important role in the culinary culture of the Korean people. On the Korean dining table, there are always many bowls and small plates containing Kimchi dishes (sometimes up to more than 20 Kimchi dishes on a banquet table) and there are many different colors. Kimchi is a type of vegetable (usually just Chinese cabbage, radish, cabbage...) that is often pickled with many spices, sugar, red chili, shrimp, cucumber, ginger... and has a very spicy taste. Some types of Kimchi also have ingredients such as fish, meat...

+ While eating, each person has their own bowl of rice, soup, dipping sauce, and other dishes to eat together. A typical Korean meal has many different dishes.

+ In general, Koreans like seafood, beef, sesame oil, and spices like garlic, onion, chili...

+ Famous Korean dishes are charcoal-grilled soy-marinated beef, Saengh (raw fish), Chokkal (fish in oil), Naengmyon (flax noodles), K'ongguk (chilled bean soup) and Poshintang (dog meat).

+ In Korean culinary culture, there are many types of nutritious cakes such as rice cakes, steamed bean cakes, fried cakes, sticky rice cakes, Tet cakes... often used when drinking tea or after meals.

2.12.2. Characteristics when traveling

- Koreans often use average and good services, and are used to using modern equipment.

- Likes beach tourism, relaxation, exploration, cultural tourism. Main purpose is not only tourism but also business purpose.

- Like fun atmosphere, like group tours.

- Maintain your identity when traveling, be enthusiastic, open, cheerful but polite, moderate and have a high level of self-control.

2.13. Chinese tourists

2.13.1. General characteristics

China is the third largest country in the world (approx.

9,630,000 km 2 ) but is the country with the largest population in the world, currently China's population is about more than 1.3 billion people (2012). Chinese (in Beijing) is the common language of China, in addition there are seven major dialects: Northern, Cantonese, Hunanese, Hokkien, Jiangxi, Khach, Wu (Suzhou). China has 56 ethnic groups, of which the Han people account for 92%, the popular religions are: Taoism, Buddhism and some other religions (but only account for a very small proportion).

China has rich and diverse nature, with many high mountains, long rivers, and beautiful lakes. In particular, China has a long-standing culture (5000 years) with brilliant cultural values that have made great contributions to human culture.

Chinese culture has a profound influence on countries in the region, with many profound and mysterious philosophies and outlooks on life. It is this culture and history that leave behind extremely diverse and valuable material and spiritual cultural heritages. China is a country with many historical relics, magnificent architectural works of special value such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang...; there are many ethnic minorities with unique cultures, many festivals, strange customs and practices... Since ancient times, China has been famous for its handicrafts, sculptures, textiles, jewelry, and culinary arts.

Along with the rapid development of economic and social life, the living standards of Chinese people are increasingly improved, along with the improvement in living standards, Chinese people have more and more conditions to travel not only domestically but also to many other countries, especially countries in the region. At present, Chinese tourists are the target market for Vietnamese tourism.

Characteristics of Chinese tourists' national character.

- National character.

Chinese culture has a great influence on countries in the region. Due to many similarities in natural conditions, historical and social conditions, Vietnamese culture has many similarities with Chinese culture, and national character also has many similarities with the national character of the Vietnamese people. This can be seen in language, culture, traditional customs and practices... In addition, China also has some characteristics that need to be noted such as:

+ Chinese people are quite friendly, humble, hard-working and eager to learn.

+ Chinese people are quite polite, when talking they often use the word "hao" (meaning good, okay) in many cases. However, in communication they do not pay too much attention to etiquette. For Chinese people, when greeting, just raising your hand or nodding is fine, in addition, you can also shake hands when meeting, however, when meeting someone of high social status or an elderly person, you should bow slightly and shake hands with both hands.

+ Chinese people often call each other by their last name (different from Vietnamese people) or they can also call each other by their title or occupation, which is also quite common.

+ Chinese people like to talk about topics such as: history, culture, family and achievements of China during conversation. However, you can also ask Chinese people (except those in big cities) about private issues such as: income, assets, age, family...

+ Chinese people are afraid of others touching their bodies, such as hugging their shoulders or patting their backs.

+ Chinese people like the numbers 6 (six - similar to the word "loc" meaning prosperity), 8 (similar to the sound "phat", meaning prosperity), 2, 10... they also like the numbers 5, 7 (homophones with the word "that", meaning loss or failure)

- Taste and eating habits.

The Chinese people's tastes and eating habits are very diverse, just like their culture, which influences other countries in the region. The Chinese way of eating is derived from the farming and livestock economy, with a meal structure consisting of 3 meals: breakfast - lunch - dinner.

In all thoughts and actions of Chinese people in general and in culinary art in particular, Chinese people often rely on Confucian philosophy, Five Elements, Yin - Yang balance, so they often use a combination of: hot - cold, salty - sweet, sour - spicy, even food has a balance between fat and fiber... these things not only ensure nutrition, but also maintain health and create delicious dishes.

Just like the Vietnamese, the Chinese eat from trays, use bowls and chopsticks, and in families they often sit on mats or on beds. In restaurants they often use round or square tables. Nowadays, when they sit down to eat in groups, they often use two-layer tables, with the middle layer rotating.

People of lower status, age or role usually have to wait and invite people of higher status before eating, and after eating, have to clasp hands and ask for permission.

Chinese cooking techniques are quite diverse and somewhat complex. There are many delicious dishes, prepared with great care and attention from the selection of varieties, cultivation... On the other hand, the richness and uniqueness are specific to each region, each restaurant, and even each person who prepares them, because Chinese people often keep their cooking secrets discreetly.

using many kinds of spices, with processing and mixing methods that are difficult to learn without being taught the trade by the people themselves.

The meal structure includes: cold dishes for appetizers and wine, then cooked dishes, savory dishes to eat with rice, steamed buns or bread, and finally soup, broth and dessert. A regular meal has 6-7 dishes, parties have 10 to 15 dishes, if required, average chefs can also prepare 50 to 60 different dishes.

Unlike Europeans, Chinese people usually only drink alcohol when they have snacks or drink alcohol during meals. China has many different types of alcohol, but mainly alcohol produced by distilling grains such as rice, corn, cassava, sorghum, etc. One of the most famous types of alcohol is Maotai. In addition, Chinese people also have many types of alcohol soaked in Chinese medicine, or soaked in various types of extracts, animals (mainly reptiles) similar to Vietnamese people.

The Chinese also love to drink tea. Although drinking tea is not as elaborate as a religion or an art as the Japanese, the Chinese way of drinking tea also has many different types. The tea is green tea, brewed in a teapot or cup. They often drink tea early in the morning, after meals, in the evening, during conversations, etc.

2.13.2. Characteristics when traveling

Vietnam has many advantages in developing tourism with China, Chinese tourists can easily come to Vietnam by road, rail, water, and air. On the other hand, service prices in Vietnam are relatively suitable for Chinese tourists' budget, and there are many similarities in terms of culture, history, etc.

In general, Chinese tourists come to Vietnam mainly for business, visiting relatives and vacationing. Traditionally, they often travel in groups, following package tours organized by Chinese travel companies. Chinese tourists like to shop, they see travel as an opportunity to shop and often buy goods that are not available or cheaper in their home country, often choose short-term travel (from 2 to 3 days), use services with average ratings and often travel for sightseeing. Chinese tourists often pay more attention to service form than content, often travel in groups, often talk a lot, like to eat Chinese style. Tourism advertising for Chinese people needs to emphasize "cheap price" but high quality or guaranteed...

2.13.3. Some features of the Chinese people

Overseas Chinese is a term used to refer to people of Chinese ethnicity who live and work in other countries. In general, Chinese people often maintain their community identity even though they have lived and worked far from their homeland for a very long time, even through many generations. Overseas Chinese people around the world and especially Chinese people in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau

Tourist Psychology Restaurant Management - 10

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