Tourist Routes Are Routes Connecting Tourist Areas, Tourist Attractions, Tourist Service Providers, Associated With Road and Rail Traffic Routes

Tourist attractions are the lowest level in the hierarchy. In terms of territory, tourist attractions are small in scale. On the map of tourist areas, tourist attractions are shown as separate points. For each tourist attraction, the length of stay of visitors is relatively short (no more than 1 to 2 days) due to the limitations of tourist objects. At tourist attractions, infrastructure may or may not be formed.

Cultural tourism destinations include tourist destinations that develop cultural tourism genres such as:

- Historical center (historic tourist destination) is a place with ancient constructions. These are cities, towns or ancient villages that still retain traditional cultural features such as residential architecture, religious buildings and festival customs...

- Science center where there are many universities, research institutes, libraries, museums...

Maybe you are interested!

- Art centers are tourist attractions based on local cultural activities with unique traditional lifestyles and customs.

- Religious tourism center is a place associated with religious activities.

- Archaeological tourism centers are tourist attractions associated with traces of prehistoric human activities before writing.

1.3.1.2- A tourist routeis a route connecting tourist areas, tourist attractions, and tourist service providers, associated with road, rail, waterway, and air routes.

1.3.1.3 - Conditions for recognition as a tourist route

Article 4, Article 25, Vietnam Tourism Law stipulates:

* Tourist routes that meet the following conditions are recognized as national tourist routes:

- Connecting tourist areas and tourist attractions, including national tourist areas and tourist attractions of inter-regional and inter-provincial nature, connecting with international border gates;

- Take measures to protect the landscape, environment and service facilities for tourists along the route.

* Tourist routes that meet the following conditions are recognized as local tourist routes:

- Connecting tourist areas and tourist attractions within the locality;

- Take measures to protect the landscape, environment and service facilities for tourists along the route.

In terms of territorial space, a tourist route can be an intra-regional route (sub-regional, sub-regional, central) or an inter-regional route (between regions).

At the provincial level, there are intra-provincial and inter-provincial (inter-provincial) tourist routes [6].

1.3.2- Main content of determining tourist destinations and routes

1.3.2.1- Tourism resources

According to Article 4 of the Law on Tourism of Vietnam, tourism resources are natural landscapes, natural elements, historical - cultural relics, creative works of human labor and other human values that can be used to meet tourism needs, and are the basic factors for forming tourist areas, tourist spots, tourist routes and tourist cities.

Tourism resources include natural tourism resources and human tourism resources that are being exploited and not yet exploited.

Natural tourism resources include geological, topographic, climatic, hydrological, ecological, and natural landscape elements that can be used for tourism purposes.

Human tourism resources include cultural traditions, cultural elements, folk arts, historical relics, revolutions, archeology, architecture,

creative works of human labor and other tangible and intangible cultural heritages that can be used for tourism purposes.

Tourism resources can be state-owned or owned by organizations or individuals [6].

1.3.2.1.2- Geographical location

When determining tourist destinations, geographical location is the first important factor to consider. Geographical location is not only determined by coordinates, territorial boundaries, and economic relationships, but also by the economic significance of that location for tourism development.

1.3.2.1.3- Natural tourism resources

Natural tourism resources include geological, topographic, climatic, hydrological, ecological, and natural landscape elements that can be used for tourism purposes.

a. Climate

Climate is also considered a form of tourism resource. Among the climatic indicators, the two most noteworthy are temperature and humidity. In addition, other factors such as wind, atmospheric pressure, sunlight, and special weather phenomena must be taken into account.

Climatic conditions affect the conduct of tours.

or tourism service activities. In general, places with temperate climates are often preferred by tourists. Places with a lot of wind are also not suitable for tourism development. Each type of tourism often requires different climatic conditions. For example, tourists going on summer beach vacations often choose occasions with little rain, lots of sunshine but not too harsh, cool water, moderate wind. Thus, to a certain extent, it is necessary to pay attention to special weather phenomena that hinder tourism plans. That is, storms in the regions

Sea, coast, islands, northeast monsoon, hot dry west wind, whirlwinds, floods... still occur in our country.

The seasonality of climate has a very clear influence on the seasonality of tourism. Different regions of the world have different tourist seasons due to the influence of

Influence of climatic factors. Closely dependent on climatic conditions, tourism activities can take place all year round or for a few months.

b. Terrain

- Terrain is one of the important factors contributing to the landscape and diversity of the landscape there. For tourism, the more diverse and special the external signs of the terrain are, the more attractive it is to tourists.

- The main morphological units of terrain are mountains, hills and plains, which are distinguished by the difference in elevation of the terrain.

+ The plain terrain is relatively monotonous in appearance, not inspiring enough for tourists.

+ Hilly terrain often creates an open, vast space... strongly affecting the psychology of outdoor enthusiasts, very suitable for camping and sightseeing tourism...

- In addition to the above terrain types, Karst terrain and coastal terrain are of great significance for tourism organization.

c. Water source

Water resources include surface water and groundwater. Surface water is important for tourism. It includes ocean water, sea water, rivers, lakes (natural and artificial), fountains, waterfalls, etc.

For tourism purposes, water is used according to individual needs, age and national needs. Generally, the acceptable minimum surface water temperature limit is 18°C for adults, above 20°C for children, in addition to paying attention to the frequency, nature of the waves, the cleanliness of the water, etc.

For sports tourism, it is necessary to evaluate fish resources, fishing capacity, fish protection, etc.

Surface water resources not only have a direct recovery effect but also affect many other components of the living environment, especially it

coastal climate mitigation.

Nowadays, many coastal and lakeside resorts have sprung up around the world, attracting a large number of tourists.

Groundwater is generally of little value for tourism, but mineral water resources must be mentioned. This is a valuable resource for health and wellness tourism.

d. Biology

Nowadays, the taste for tourism is becoming more and more diverse. After a tiring working time, people need to rest to recover their health, ensure the ability to work long term... Traveling to places with beautiful scenery, fresh nature,... is a very good way to rest. Because, people

Like all living things, they are born and developed in a natural environment - a primitive environment - a completely clean and stable environment. Humans have adapted to that environment. Now living in a developed society, there are favorable conditions created by humans, but at the same time the environment is polluted, changing unfavorably to human life.

1.3.2.1.4- Human tourism resources

Human tourism resources include cultural traditions, cultural elements, folk arts, historical, revolutionary, archaeological, architectural relics, creative works of human labor and other tangible and intangible cultural heritages that can be used for tourism purposes.

a. Concept

Human tourism resources, in short, are objects and phenomena created by humans throughout their existence and have value in serving tourism needs.

Human tourism resources have the following characteristics:

- Has more cognitive effects. Recreational effects are atypical or of secondary significance.

- The study of artificial objects often takes place over time.

short.

- People interested in cultural tourism resources often have cultural background.

higher standards, higher incomes and demands.

- Human tourism resources are often concentrated in residential areas and large cities.

- The advantage of human tourism resources is that most of them are not seasonal (except for festivals), not heavily dependent on climatic conditions and other natural conditions.

- The interests of people seeking cultural tourism resources are complex and very different…

b. Classification of human tourism resources

Human tourism resources include: relics (historical, cultural, architectural, revolutionary); festivals; craft villages; objects associated with ethnology; cultural and sports activities.

- Historical and cultural relics:

The Law on Cultural Heritage defines: “Historical and cultural relics are construction works, locations, and relics, antiquities, and national treasures belonging to those works and locations that have historical, cultural, and scientific value.”

According to Nguyen Minh Tue: "Historical and cultural relics are specific, objective physical spaces that contain typical historical values, left behind by collectives or individuals creatively working throughout history."

Pursuant to Article 4 of the Law on Cultural Heritage, Article 14 of Decree No. 92/2002/ND-CP dated November 11, 2002 of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the Law on Cultural Heritage, relics are classified as follows:

+ Historical - cultural relics: Historical - cultural relics are construction works, locations and relics, antiquities, national treasures belonging to those works and locations that have historical, cultural, and scientific value.

+ Architectural and artistic relics: Architectural and artistic relics are architectural and artistic works, urban and urban architectural complexes with typical values in the stages of the development of the nation's architectural art. A complex of architectural works or a single architectural work with typical architectural and artistic values of one or more historical stages.

Archaeological sites: Archaeological sites are archaeological sites of outstanding value that mark the stages of development of archaeological cultures.

+Scenic relics: Scenic relics (scenic spots) are natural landscapes or places that combine natural landscapes with architectural works of historical, aesthetic, and scientific value.

- Festivals:

Among the forms of human tourism resources, traditional festivals are very valuable resources.

Festivals are a unique form of cultural activity that reflects the spiritual life of each nation. They are a form of collective activity of the people after hard working days or an occasion for everyone to look back on an important historical event of the country, or related to the religious activities of the people, or simply activities of a recreational nature. In general, famous festivals have great appeal to tourists.

When evaluating festivals for tourism purposes, the following characteristics should be noted:

+ Festival time: In general, in Vietnam, festivals usually take place in spring, not all year round but only concentrated in a short period of time (seasonality of festivals).

+ The scale of the festival: different, some festivals take place in large areas, some festivals are limited to a small locality. This affects tourism activities, the ability to attract tourists, the determination of routes, tourist destinations as well as tourism programs.

+ Festivals are often held at historical sites.

- culture.

+ Some main festival forms:

. Festival to celebrate life events.

Festivals are “restorative” because they dramatically revive the memory of the past or a lost culture.

The festival simulates a sacrifice, it has a theatrical aspect and a solemn beauty.

. Festivals are celebrated by all regimes and nations in a solemn and ceremonial manner to recall with appropriate symbols a convention or contract between a people, or an event that gave birth to a modern state.

Tourists often feel a strong need to participate in these festivals. They often feel a strong sense of belonging and participation. Such festivals are embedded in the fabric of regional or national life and it is here that community sentiment and understanding of the nation are strongly expressed.

- Tourism objects associated with ethnology:

Each ethnic group has its own living conditions, cultural characteristics, customs, production activities with its own nuances and has certain residential areas. The characteristics of each ethnic group have their own appeal to tourists. The tourism objects associated with ethnology that are meaningful to tourism are strange customs about residence, social organization, eating habits, living, architecture, costumes, singing and dancing... so in determining the tourist route this is an important factor to help tourists really observe to find the cultural identity of their ethnic group.

- Cultural - sports objects and other cognitive activities:

Cultural objects such as scientific centers, universities, large libraries, museums, etc. all have great appeal to tourists to visit and study. Event-based activities: major sports tournaments, exhibitions of national economic achievements, fairs, international film festivals, international music festivals, etc. are also attractive objects.

Cultural objects are usually concentrated in capitals and large cities. Therefore, large cities naturally become cultural tourism centers of countries, regions and areas and are the nucleus of tourist centers.

In short: tourism is an industry with a clear resource orientation. Tourism resources are one of the basic factors, prerequisites for the formation and development of tourism in a locality. The quantity of inherent resources, their quality and the level of combination of resources in the same area have special significance for tourism development. Therefore, the tourism attractiveness of a locality depends largely on the tourism resources of that locality. This is a factor of special importance that directly affects the construction of tourist routes. Without tourism resources, it is impossible to form a route.

1.3.2.2- Infrastructure and technical facilities serving tourism

If tourism resources are the basic factors to create tourist spots, centers and regions, then infrastructure and technical facilities are the factors that create conditions to turn the potential of tourism resources into reality.

1.3.2.2.1- Infrastructure

Infrastructure is the material means of society, considered as the premise and lever for all socio-economic development, in which it plays a particularly important role in the formation and development, ensuring the travel and sightseeing of tourists. Including:

- Transportation network:

The transportation network plays an extremely important role in the socio-economic development in general and the development of tourism in particular, it is an indispensable factor in tourism activities. The presence of the transportation network and means of transport allows the exploitation of tourism resources to be convenient, and it makes tourism a popular activity. And each different type of tourism will have different meanings for tourism activities.

+ Road: mobile, can travel all types of terrain, all distances, cheap fare, can follow pre-planned routes or change routes.

+ Railway: cheap fare, following the correct route.

+ Waterway: reasonable price, combining river and land tourism.

+ Air: high fare but saves travel time, increases rest and entertainment time, suitable for long journeys.

In general, the transportation network in Vietnam is quite diverse and complete: we have all types and means of transportation, the road network is present everywhere (170,000 km), the railway has a total length of 3,280 km, and the waterway operates 11,900 km.

- Communication system:

In tourism activities, communication is an important condition to ensure the exchange relationship for domestic and foreign tourists, and the needs for communication in tourism activities are of many different types. For example, information about weather, security, politics, information flows about social culture, mass, communication flows between people. In tourism activities, it is met by means such as: internet, telephone, press, fax ... thanks to which it is possible to grasp the necessary information about the place you want to travel to.

- Power supply system: For tourism activities, the power supply system is very important, because tourism activities use many modern devices, so they need to use a lot of electricity, and ensure the minimum living needs of tourists.

- Water supply and drainage system: For tourism activities to take place smoothly, tourist destinations must ensure hygiene and have a drainage system to prevent dirty water from being discharged from domestic water.

1.3.2.2.2- Technical facilities

Technical facilities are the factors that create and implement tourism products, they have the ability to regulate the level of exploitation of tourism potential to satisfy the needs of tourists.

Technical facilities include factors such as: technical facilities of the tourism industry (restaurant systems, hotels, tourist transportation, entertainment facilities, etc.) and technical facilities of some national economic sectors but participating in tourism services such as the system

Comment